scholarly journals Epiphytic diatom community structure and richness is determined by macroalgal host and location in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250629
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Burfeid-Castellanos ◽  
Rafael P. Martín-Martín ◽  
Michael Kloster ◽  
Carlos Angulo-Preckler ◽  
Conxita Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Livingston Island

The marine waters around the South Shetland Islands are paramount in the primary production of this Antarctic ecosystem. With the increasing effects of climate change and the annual retreat of the ice shelf, the importance of macroalgae and their diatom epiphytes in primary production also increases. The relationships and interactions between these organisms have scarcely been studied in Antarctica, and even less in the volcanic ecosystem of Deception Island, which can be seen as a natural proxy of climate change in Antarctica because of its vulcanism, and the open marine system of Livingston Island. In this study we investigated the composition of the diatom communities in the context of their macroalgal hosts and different environmental factors. We used a non-acidic method for diatom digestion, followed by slidescanning and diatom identification by manual annotation through a web-browser-based image annotation platform. Epiphytic diatom species richness was higher on Deception Island as a whole, whereas individual macroalgal specimens harboured richer diatom assemblages on Livingston Island. We hypothesize this a possible result of a higher diversity of ecological niches in the unique volcanic environment of Deception Island. Overall, our study revealed higher species richness and diversity than previous studies of macroalgae-inhabiting diatoms in Antarctica, which could however be the result of the different preparation methodologies used in the different studies, rather than an indication of a higher species richness on Deception Island and Livingston Island than other Antarctic localities.

scholarly journals Present-Day Glaciation in the South Shetland Islands

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Orheim ◽  
L.S. Govorukha
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Ablation Area ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
Annual Balance

This paper presents mass-balance results from Deception Island for 1968–69 to 1973–74, from King George Island for the balance years 1969–70 and 1970–71, and from Livingston Island from 1971–72 to 1973–74. The accumulation areas of all localities are in the soaked fades, with a firn/ice transition at King George Island at 12 to 20 m depth. Of the glaciers studied, only “Gl” on Deception Island terminates wholly on land and has a relatively large ablation area. The mass-balance curves are similar for King George Island and Livingston Island, with equilibrium lines at around 150 m elevation. “Gl“ on Deception Island has more negative summer balances, and the equilibrium line ranged from 275 to 370 m during the six balance years. Here, there were no years of positive net mass balance, and large negative net values during the 1970–71 to 1972–73 balance years. This resulted from a lowered albedo caused by ash from the August 1970 eruption. Ash layers from the Deception Island eruptions are also observed on Livingston Island and King George Island, where they form stratigraphic markers in the accumulation areas of the glaciers. Annual balance variations from 1957–58 to 1970–71, based on stratigraphic studies at Deception Island and King George Island, show good correlations, indicating that the variations reflect changes in regional climate.

Fire Precautions at Antarctic Stations

Polar Record ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 743-745
Author(s):  
Bernard Stonehouse
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Terre Adélie ◽  
Hope Bay

In 1946 the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey station on Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands was completely destroyed by fire. Stores, valuable equipment and the records of many months' work were lost. In 1948 the station at Hope Bay in Trinity Peninsula was burnt down, with the loss of two lives. In January 1952 the hut of the French Antarctic Expedition at Port-Martin in Terre Adélie was destroyed in the same way. Smaller outbreaks of fire, fortunately detected early and dealt with promptly, have been reported from other stations. Of all the difficulties which can overtake a polar expedition, the loss of its base is perhaps the most disastrous. Nevertheless, the frequency with which such losses seem to occur suggests that there are fundamental errors in the design of the huts, as well as a tendency to underestimate the danger of fire.

scholarly journals Variations in ice rafted detritus on beaches in the South Shetland Islands: a possible climate proxy

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDA L. HALL ◽  
ETHAN R. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Glacial Advance

Raised beach ridges on Livingston Island of the South Shetland Islands display variations in both quantity and source of ice rafted detritus (IRD) received over time. Whereas the modern beach exhibits little IRD, all of which is of local origin, the next highest beach (∼250 14C yr BP) has large amounts, some of which comes from as far away as the Antarctic Peninsula. Significant quantities of IRD also were deposited ∼1750 14C yr BP. Both time periods coincide with generally cooler regional conditions and, at least in the case of the ∼250 yr old beach, local glacial advance. We suggest that the increases in ice rafting may reflect periods of greater glacial activity, altered ocean circulation, and/or greater iceberg preservation during the late Holocene. Limited IRD and lack of far-travelled erratics on the modern beach are both consistent with the ongoing warming trend in the Antarctic Peninsula region.

scholarly journals V.—On the Innes Wilson Collection of Rocks and Minerals from the South Shetland Islands and Trinity Island

1922 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Colonial Office

Mr J. Innes Wilson of Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, during the whaling-season of 1916–17 paid a visit to the South Shetland Islands and Palmer Archipelago. He collected specimens of rocks and minerals from Deception Island, Roberts Island, Trinity Island, and the coast bordering the Gerlache Channel, which were transmitted to the Colonial Office by the Governor, Sir William Douglas Young. It is with the kind permission of the Undersecretary of State for the Colonies that I am allowed to submit some account of Mr Innes Wilson's interesting and important collection.

scholarly journals DecTephra: A new database of Deception Island’s tephra record (Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Hopfenblatt ◽  
Adelina Geyer ◽  
Meritxell Aulinas ◽  
Antonio Polo Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Álvarez-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Lacustrine Sediment ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Eruption Record

<p>Deception Island is the most active volcano in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) with more than 20 eruptions in the in the last two centuries, including the 1967, 1969 and 1970 most recent eruptive events, and three episodes of volcanic unrest since 1990 (1992, 1999 and 2014-2015). Since the discovery of Deception island in 1820, the number of scientific bases, touristic activities, and air and vessel traffic in the region, have considerably increased. Only the Antarctic Peninsula region, together with the South Shetland Islands, hosts 25 research stations and 3 summer field camps, which are located inside or within a 150 km radius distance from this active volcano. Nearby, the Palmer Archipelago and the north-western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula are both important tourist destinations exceeding 30,000 visitors per year with a significant increase in vessel traffic during the tourist season. This escalation in the amount of exposed infrastructure and population to a future eruption of Deception Island clearly urges the need to advancing our knowledge of the island’s volcanic and magmatic history and developing improved vulnerability analyses and long-term volcanic hazard assessments. However, past attempts to construct a volcanic hazard map of Deception have always been limited by the lack of a complete eruption record. In this sense, volcanic ash layers found in marine and lacustrine sediment cores, and glaciers outside Deception Island can provide valuable information to: (i) determine the size and explosiveness of past eruptive events; (ii) assess the extent of their related hazards (e.g. ash fall out); (iii) complete the eruption record of the island; and (iv) estimate the island’s eruption recurrence over time.</p><p>In this work, we provide a detailed, and up-to-date, revision of the current knowledge on Deception Island’s tephra record.  For this, we have compiled the DecTephra (<strong>Dec</strong>eption Island <strong>Tephra</strong> Record) database, which seeks recording the most relevant information of all up today known tephra layers with Deception Island as presumed source vent. DecTephra database includes 335 tephra layers (including cryptotephras) found in marine/lacustrine sediment and ice cores. For each tephra layer, we have compiled information regarding: (i) location (e.g. latitude, longitude, region) and characteristics of the sampling site (e.g. length of the sediment or ice core); and (ii) tephra characteristics (e.g. age, chemistry, granulometry). The analysis of the information included in this new database shows that Deception Island’s tephras can be observed at numerous proximal (< 150 km) sampling sites distributed all along the South Shetland Islands but also as far as in the Scotia Sea (> 1,000 km) and the South Pole (> 2,900 km). Also, identified isochronous tephra horizons allow defining periods of higher explosive eruptive activity in the island during the Holocene.</p><p>This research is part of POLARCSIC and PTIVolcan research initiatives. This research was partially funded by the MINECO projects VOLCLIMA (CGL2015-72629-EXP) and VOLGASDEC (PGC2018-095693-B-I00)(AEI/FEDER, UE). A.P.S is grateful for his JAE_Intro scholarship (JAEINT_20_00670).</p>

scholarly journals The Vegetation of the South Shetland Islands and the Climatic Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Putzke ◽  
Antonio Batista Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The World

Antarctica allows at the same time to study the effects of change on the environment with minimal anthropic interference and in the least modified conditions in the world regarding biodiversity and its relations. At the same time, it allows assessing its effects on an ecosystem of few species and with a food web that directly links the oceans to terrestrial organisms. The South Shetland Islands are located further north within Antarctic Maritime and are therefore more vulnerable to climate change. Part of the studies already carried out with vegetation in this archipelago are discussed with a focus on the effects already generated and on predictions about future changes in the structure and plant diversity of Antarctica.

Two new species of Dorymenia (Mollusca: Solenogastres: Proneomeniidae) from the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. García-Alvarez ◽  
V. Urgorri ◽  
L. von Salvini-Plawen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Bransfield Strait ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Antarctic Benthos

This paper describes two new species from the genus Dorymenia (Mollusca: Solenogastres: Proneomeniidae): D. hesperidesi sp. nov. and D. menchuescribanae sp. nov., collected during the Spanish oceanographic expeditions for the study of Antarctic benthos, BENTART'94 and BENTART'95, carried out in the area of the Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). A comparative study of main specific characteristics of species belonging to the genus Dorymenia found off the South Shetland Islands and in the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica), is also included.

scholarly journals Antarctic sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) of the South Shetland Islands and vicinity: part I. Spirophorida, Astrophorida, Hadromerida, Halichondrida and Haplosclerida

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Campos ◽  
Beatriz Mothes ◽  
Inga L. Veitenheimer Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Records ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Sponges

The aim of this work is to redescribe 11 species of sponges collected through the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR), at the South Shetland Islands and vicinity. New information is provided on the Antarctic sponge fauna, in regard to species richness and the geographical and bathymetric distributions of identified species. The following species were identified and are here illustrated and fully described: Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872), Cinachyra barbata Sollas, 1886, Craniella leptoderma (Sollas, 1886), Tethyopsis longispinum (Lendenfeld, 1907), Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907, Homaxinella balfourensis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), Suberites montiniger Carter, 1880, Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata (Topsent, 1915), Haliclona (Soestella) chilensis (Thiele, 1905), Hemigellius bidens (Topsent, 1901) and Calyx arcuarius (Topsent, 1913). Two new records are given for the Antarctic continent: Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata (Topsent, 1915) and Haliclona (Soestella) chilensis (Thiele, 1905). Tethyopsis longispinum (Lendenfeld, 1907), Suberites montiniger Carter, 1880 and Hemigellius bidens (Topsent, 1901) represent the first records for this sector of the continent. Bathymetric data are extended for T. longispinum and H. attenuata.

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