scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of childfree adults in Michigan (USA)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252528
Author(s):  
Jennifer Watling Neal ◽  
Zachary P. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Distinctive Group ◽  
Liberal Group ◽  
Representative Samples

Childfree individuals choose not to have children, which makes them a distinctive group from parents who have had children, not-yet-parents who plan to have children, and childless indivduals who would have liked to have children. Most research on parental status and psychosocial characteristics has not effectively distinguished childfree individuals from other non-parents or has relied on non-representative samples. In this study, we use a representative sample of 981 Michigan adults to estimate the prevalence of childfree individuals, to examine how childfree individuals differ from parents and other types of non-parents in life satisfaction, political ideology, and personality, and to examine whether childfree individuals are viewed as an outgroup. We find that over a quarter of Michigan adults identified as childfree. After controlling for demographic characteristics, we find no differences in life satisfaction and limited differences in personality traits between childfree individuals and parents, not-yet-parents, or childless individuals. However, childfree individuals were more liberal than parents, and those who have or want(ed) children felt substantially less warm toward childfree individuals than childfree individuals felt toward each other. Given the prevalence of childfree individuals, the risks of their outgroup status, and their potential role in politics as a uniquely liberal group, it is important for demographic research to distinguish the childfree from others and to better understand these individuals.

scholarly journals Who are the childfree?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Watling Neal ◽  
Zachary Neal
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Liberal Group

Objective: This study examines how childfree individuals differ from parents and other types of non-parents in subjective well-being, political ideology, and personality, and examines whether childfree individuals are a stigmatized outgroup.Background: Childfree individuals choose not to have children. Most research on parental status and psychosocial characteristics has not distinguished childfree individuals from other non-parents or has relied on non-representative samples.Method: This study uses a representative sample of 981 Michigan adults to estimate the prevalence of childfree individuals. The study also estimates a series of multiple regressions to examine differences between childfree individuals, parents, and other types of non-parents and to examine whether childfree individuals are perceived by others as an outgroup.Results: Over a quarter of Michigan adults identified as childfree. After controlling for demographic characteristics, we found no differences in subjective well-being and limited differences in personality traits between childfree individuals and parents, not-yet-parents, or childless individuals. However, childfree individuals were more liberal than parents. Additionally, individuals who have or want(ed) children felt substantially less warm toward childfree individuals than childfree individuals felt toward each other.Conclusions: Given the prevalence of childfree individuals, the risks of their outgroup status, and their potential role in politics as a uniquely liberal group, it is important for demographic research to distinguish the childfree from others and to better understand these individuals.

scholarly journals Body Image, Life Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Swedish Women with Breast Cancer After Mastectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitikorn Phoosuwan ◽  
Pranee C. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Information

Abstract Background Women having undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer have experiences which are very much individual and contextual. In order to facilitate efforts to understand the women and improve their quality of life, the aim of this study was to investigate body image, life satisfaction and associated factors among Swedish women with breast cancer after mastectomy.Methods After mastectomy, four hundred and eighty-one Swedish women with breast cancer were enrolled in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Each participant completed a questionnaire comprising socio-demographic characteristics, sources of information, body image and life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, information support, sources of information, treatment variables, and outcome variables such as body image and life satisfaction.Results Body image was associated with all dimensions of life satisfaction. Lower age, underlying disease, chemotherapy and breast reconstruction increased body image dissatisfaction, while treatment options were factors associated with life satisfaction. Sources of information was a factor that increased life satisfaction in the dimensions of physical symptoms, sickness impact and quality of close friend relationship.Conclusion The findings highlight that some socio-demographic characteristics, treatment options and sources of information were associated with body image dissatisfaction and life dissatisfaction among the women with breast cancer after mastectomy. This can increase healthcare professionals’ understanding of women with breast cancer after treatment. They should provide effective information, focus attention on the women’s needs, and prepare intervention programs that make the women cope with their life situations during follow-up care.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence: Continuing Controversies and Unresolved Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohebbi ◽  
Christine Coombe ◽  
Robert Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Occupational Success

Emotional Intelligence (EI), defined as the “capacity to process emotional information accurately and efficiently” (Mayer & Salovey, 1995), has recently become one of the most discussed issues in different fields. There has been a great deal of discussion both for and against its potential role in education. In fact, it is argued that there is a significant relationship between EI and success in various aspects of life, including life satisfaction, mental health, self-efficacy, psychological well-being, occupational success, and academic achievement. However, there is a gap with regard to EI and its potential role and application in various fields and contexts. The intention of this paper is to stimulate debate and encourage further research about EI through discussing its definitions, constituents, theoretical framework, measurements, and the criticisms leveled against its alleged unfulfilled promise. Furthermore, we elaborate thoroughly on the directions for future research in this field of study.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Parolees in Forensic Social Work

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Fredric L. Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Forensic Social Work

During a 10-year period, July 1974-1984, demographic characteristics indicated close similarities between Ohio parolees and national parole statistics regarding age, race, and marital status. However, unemployment was found to be an unusually serious problem among Ohio parolees. In addition, a substance-abuse tendency further complicated the already disturbing plight of parolees. A high percentage of antisocial personality findings contributed to a high recidivism rate and an unusually large percentage of parolees were determined to be unamenable to conventional counseling.

Correlates of life satisfaction among Southeast Asian foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong: An exploratory study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dick Man Leung ◽  
Etonia Ying Tung Tang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Foreign Domestic Workers

Live-in foreign domestic workers (FDWs) are a special group in Hong Kong, where they account for approximately 4 percent of Hong Kong’s population. FDWs’ level of life satisfaction (LS) and its correlates have been under-researched thus far. This study examined data from 130 participants and sought to determine the effect of perceived social support, self-esteem and demographic characteristics on LS. The results showed that being married was negatively associated with LS while self-esteem was not a significant factor. The findings suggest the importance of providing support to FDWs to enhance their LS.

scholarly journals Australasian Public Awareness and Belief in Conspiracy Theories: Motivational Correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Marques ◽  
Mathew Ling ◽  
Matt Williams ◽  
John Kerr ◽  
Jim McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Representative Samples

Conspiracism is not restricted to the fringe dwellers of society. International research suggests that such beliefs are quite common and that conspiracy theories may serve three basic psychological motives (i.e., epistemic, existential, and relational) for individuals. Yet, little is known about conspiracy theory awareness or conspiracism in Australasia. We report the first large systematic investigation of system justifying motives using two nationally representative samples of Australians (n = 1,011) and New Zealanders (n = 754). Our findings show that almost all are aware of local and international conspiracies, and the majority endorse one or more. Also, that all three psychological motives consistently relate to conspiracism but not to awareness. In a series of hierarchical multiple regressions, we find that epistemic (i.e., decreased analytic thinking), existential (i.e., less trust in others, and socially conservative political ideology and increased religiosity), and relational motives (i.e., increased anomie and disillusionment with the government) were all significant unique predictors of increased local and international conspiracism. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding conspiracism as an ideological belief system that may function to serve underlying psychological motives.

scholarly journals Politicizing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ideological Differences in Adherence to Social Distancing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hank Rothgerber ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Davis Whaley ◽  
Daniel L. Rosenfeld ◽  
Michael Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Total N ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Media Reports

Data from two MTurk studies with U.S. respondents (total N =1,153) revealed an ideological divide in adherence to social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, political conservatism inversely predicted compliance with behaviors aimed at preventing the spread of the COVID-19. Differences in reported social distancing were mediated by divergent perceptions of the health risk posed by COVID-19 (Studies 1 and 2), which were explained by differences in self-reported knowledge of COVID-19 (Study 1) and perceived media accuracy in covering the pandemic (Studies 1 and 2). The politicization of COVID-19 may have prompted conservatives to discount mainstream media reports of the severity of the virus, leading them to downplay its health risks and consequently adherence less to social distancing protocols. These effects hold when controlling for key demographic characteristics as well as psychological variables, including belief in science and COVID-19-related anxiety. Thus, political ideology may uniquely explain COVID-19 behavior.

Committing to Work at the Expense of Other Life Pursuits: The Consequence of Individuals’ Relative Centrality of Work Across Job Types and Nations Differing in Performance Orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 848-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Lu ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Michael H. Bond ◽  
Erica H. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Job Complexity ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Representative Samples

Relative centrality of work (RCW) is defined as the psychological importance given by individuals regarding work relative to the importance they attach to other major domains of living. Prior evidence has been inconclusive in terms of how RCW might influence the life satisfaction (LS) of individuals. Hence, in this study, we hypothesize that this relationship is regulated by an individual’s current job features (job complexity [JC]) and national culture concerning work (performance orientation [PO]) independently and jointly. On the basis of representative samples of 23,622 employees from 33 nations, we find that the RCW–LS relationship is negative when JC is low. By contrast, high JC eliminates but does not reverse this negative trend. This two-way interaction only exists when employees simultaneously live in a nation whose culture stresses performance improvements and achievement of rewards from work, that is, nations with high PO. Although an individual’s national–cultural context does not moderate the RCW–LS linkage, it functions by making work relative to other life domains (RCW) and job characteristics (high JC) highly important in deriving satisfaction from one’s life.

Career satisfaction of German human genetics residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Johanna Tecklenburg ◽  
Robert Meyer ◽  
Ilona Krey ◽  
Brigitte Schlegelberger
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Specialist Training ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Efficacy Expectations

Abstract Objectives The aim of this survey was to investigate the career satisfaction of human genetics residents in Germany and to analyse the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods We developed an online survey for the evaluation of a broad range of factors concerning the situation of human genetics residents in Germany using validated questionnaires and adding human genetics specific items to them. Human genetics residents working at institutions with an authorization for specialist training were asked to participate in the online survey. To analyse the situation of specialist training in human genetics and the influence of multiple factors on career satisfaction, descriptive statistics, mean descriptive statistics and comparisons of mean values as well as multiple linear regression analyses were carried out. Results Of the 71 institutions contacted, 41 (58 %) provided feedback and reported the number of 114 residents in human genetics. In total, 58 residents completed the questionnaire (50.9 %). Overall career satisfaction was high with a mean score of 30.8 (scale ranging from 8–40). Factors significantly influencing career satisfaction were general life satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy expectations and content with the doctors entitled to the specialty training. Except for the reduced perception to achieve their professional goals expressed by women with children, career satisfaction was influenced by neither gender nor parental status, other sociodemographic factors, variables concerning the personal professional life and the residency in general, the subjective perceived workload nor the site of specialist training. Participation in research activities differed significantly between male and female residents. The residents’ assessment of their own professional prospects and the prospects of the subject were consistently positive, even though residents consider the current requirement planning by the GB-A for human geneticists as inappropriate and believe that human genetics is not yet firmly anchored as a specialist discipline in the consciousness of other medical colleagues and the general public. Conclusions Career satisfaction of German human genetics residents is generally high and mainly influenced by life satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy expectations and quality of the specialist training. In contrast to other specialties career satisfaction seems to be independent from gender or parental status even though male residents were significantly more often involved in research activities. In order to keep human genetics residents in the specialty, measures that enable balanced professional and care work as well as continuous improvement of specialist education, e. g. through the implementation of structured curricula and continuing education of the doctors entitled to specialist training, is of great importance.

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