scholarly journals First clinical expression of equine insect bite hypersensitivity is associated with co-sensitization to multiple Culicoides allergens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0257819
Author(s):  
Jasmin Birras ◽  
Samuel J. White ◽  
Sigridur Jonsdottir ◽  
Ella N. Novotny ◽  
Anja Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Microarray Profiling ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

Background Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated allergic dermatitis in horses incited by salivary allergens from Culicoides spp. IBH does not occur in Iceland, as the causative agents are absent, however a high prevalence is seen in horses exported to Culicoides-rich environments. Aims To study the natural course of sensitization to Culicoides allergens and identify the primary sensitizing allergen(s) in horses exported from Iceland utilizing a comprehensive panel of Culicoides recombinant (r-) allergens. Method IgE microarray profiling to 27 Culicoides r-allergens was conducted on 110 serological samples from horses imported to Switzerland from Iceland that subsequently developed IBH or remained healthy. Furthermore, a longitudinal study of 31 IBH horses determined IgE profiles the summer preceding first clinical signs of IBH (TIBH-1), the summer of first clinical signs (TIBH) and the following summer (TIBH+1). In a group of Icelandic horses residing in Sweden, effects of origin (born in Iceland or Sweden) and duration of IBH (<4 years, 4–7 years, >7 years) on Culicoides-specific IgE was evaluated. Sero-positivity rates and IgE levels were compared. Results At TIBH, horses were sensitized to a median of 11 r-allergens (range = 0–21), of which nine were major allergens. This was significantly higher than TIBH-1 (3, 0–16), as well as the healthy (1, 0–14) group. There was no significant increase between TIBH and TIBH+1(12, 0–23). IBH-affected horses exported from Iceland had a significantly higher degree of sensitization than those born in Europe, while duration of IBH did not significantly affect degree of sensitization. Conclusion Significant sensitization is only detected in serum the year of first clinical signs of IBH. Horses become sensitized simultaneously to multiple Culicoides r-allergens, indicating that IgE-reactivity is due to co-sensitization rather than cross-reactivity between Culicoides allergens. Nine major first sensitizing r-allergens have been identified, which could be used for preventive allergen immunotherapy.

Food antigen-specific IgE in dogs with suspected food hypersensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (06) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Baumann ◽  
Cornelius Fritz ◽  
Ralf S. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Food Specific Ige

Abstract Objective Knowledge of cross-reactions in food-sensitive dogs will influence the choice of elimination diets and the long-term management of those patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate food allergen-specific IgE tests of suspected allergic dogs for concurrent positive reactions as possible evidence for cross reactions between allergens. Material and methods Results of serum IgE tests from 760 suspected allergic dogs submitted to 2 laboratories were evaluated statistically. After the tested allergens were grouped by their phylogenetic relationship, odds ratios as well as a sensitivity analysis of the odds ratios were performed to evaluate if concurrent positive IgE results to 2 allergens occurred more often than expected. Results Within related allergen pairs 27% (laboratory 1) and 72% (laboratory 2) of the pairs could be considered as associated. For the unrelated allergen pairs only 6.8% and 10.6% of the analyzed pairs were considered associated respectively. Strong correlations were shown in the group of ruminant allergens, especially beef and lamb, and grain allergens. High rates of concurrent reactions were also detected in the poultry group, especially between chicken and duck, as well as between pork and ruminant allergens, and soy and grain allergens. Conclusion As our results showed not only correlations within related but also between non-related allergens, the possible relevance of carbohydrate moieties as well as panallergens for canine hypersensitivities warrants further study. Further investigations are necessary to distinguish co-sensitization from cross-reactions and determine the clinical relevance of food-specific IgE reactivity. Clinical relevance Due to possible cross reactivity related allergens, especially beef and lamb as well as grain allergens, should not be used for an elimination diet to avoid false results.

Serum allergen-specific IgE reactivity: is there an association with clinical severity and airway eosinophilia in asthmatic cats?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E van Eeden ◽  
Aida I Vientós-Plotts ◽  
Leah A Cohn ◽  
Carol R Reinero
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Allergen Avoidance ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Airway Eosinophilia ◽  
Ige Reactivity

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of serum allergen-specific IgE testing in cats with a clinical diagnosis of asthma and to determine if the number of allergens with positive IgE reactivity and magnitude of positive IgE responses would be associated with the severity of clinical signs or airway eosinophilia. Methods Medical records from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion required a diagnosis of feline asthma based on consistent clinicopathologic features and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology with >10% eosinophils; additionally, cats needed to have the results of serum allergen-specific IgE tests. Results Eighteen cases satisfied the inclusion criteria. Median age was 5 years and the most common presenting clinical sign was cough (n = 10/18). Most cats lived exclusively indoors (n = 13/18). The median percentage of BAL eosinophils was 47%. Serum allergen-specific IgE testing supported an underlying allergic etiology in 14/18 (78%) cats, with all but one having polysensitization. The severity of clinical signs and magnitude of airway eosinophilia did not correlate with the degree of positive IgE reactivity. Conclusions and relevance This study identified a strong association between the identification of allergen-specific IgE and cats with asthma, and the majority of these cats were polysensitized. However, larger numbers of allergens with positive IgE reactivity or magnitude of IgE reactivity were not significantly associated with clinical severity or airway eosinophilia. Knowledge of positive allergen-specific IgE results could guide allergen avoidance, regardless of the magnitude of IgE reactivity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Immunoreactivity of Ailanthus Altissima (the Tree of Heaven) Pollen Extract in Atopic Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Samei ◽  
Morteza Fallahpour ◽  
, Mohammad Reza Bolouri ◽  
Ahmad-Reza Mahmoudi ◽  
Farzad Nasri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to pollens is a common health problem in atopic patients. In this regard, the assessment of the allergenicity of highly pollinating plants would be demanding. Based on the increment of Ailanthus altissima (A. altissima) tree in some parts of Iran and considering its probable role in respiratory allergy, in this study, we aimed to investigate its IgE-immunoreactivity and in diagnostic applications. One hundred and twenty-five allergic rhinitis patients who were diagnosed as high IgE responders and demonstrated seasonal rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, as well as 20 healthy controls (HCs) with no allergic symptoms, were enrolled in this study. Total protein extract was prepared from A. altissima pollens and subjected to quality control experiments and finally used in ELISA and western blotting studies. Approximately 24% of the atopic patients (30 from 125) showed positive immunoreactivity to A. altissima extract. The median (IQR) of absorbance (450 nm) of the specific IgE against A. altissima pollen extract in HCs and positive groups were 0.33 (0.28-0.42) and 0.59 (0.36-0.79), respectively (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the specific ELISA results, revealed a cut-off value of 0.46 and a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100%. Western blotting with the sera positive cases revealed that the main immunoreactive proteins range from 10 to 70 kDa.  This study revealed that some of A. altissima pollen proteins ranging from 10 to 70 kDa show IgE-reactivity in atopic patients and may play a role in their allergic reaction symptoms.

scholarly journals Fish Allergy Management: From Component-Resolved Diagnosis to Unmet Diagnostic Needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-337
Author(s):  
Julia Klueber ◽  
Denise Schrama ◽  
Pedro Rodrigues ◽  
Heinrich Dickel ◽  
Annette Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fish Allergy ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Allergen Extracts

Abstract Purpose of review Fish is a common elicitor of IgE-mediated food allergy. Fish includes a large variety of foods, in terms of species and food processing, with marked distinction in local diets around the globe. Fish-allergic patients present with phenotypic diversity and major differences in levels of clinical cross-reactivity, features that pose an important challenge for the clinical diagnosis and management. Recent findings Parvalbumin is the major fish allergen. However, a single molecule is not sufficient but several homologs, allergens different from parvalbumin and allergen extracts, are needed for IgE-based diagnosis. Summary Parvalbumin-specific IgE are markers for clinical cross-reactions. Added value is provided by IgE typing to parvalbumin homologs from distantly related fish. IgE co-sensitization profiles (parvalbumin, enolase, aldolase) are referred as severity markers. The allergen panel seems to be not yet complete why fish extracts still play a crucial role in serum IgE analysis. Further clinical validation of a multiplex approach in molecular fish allergy diagnosis is needed for striving to avoid unnecessary food restrictions and in a further sense, improved patient care.

Macadamia nut anaphylaxis: Demonstration of specific IgE reactivity and partial cross-reactivity with hazelnut

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Sutherland ◽  
Robyn E. O’Hehir ◽  
Daniel Czarny ◽  
Cenk Suphioglu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Macadamia Nut

scholarly journals Genomic Regions Associated with IgE Levels against Culicoides spp. Antigens in Three Horse Breeds

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
François ◽  
Hoskens ◽  
Velie ◽  
Stinckens ◽  
Tinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Significance Threshold ◽  
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity ◽  
Continuous Phenotype ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Genomic Regions

Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), which is a cutaneous allergic reaction to antigens from Culicoides spp., is the most prevalent skin disorder in horses. Misdiagnosis is possible, as IBH is usually diagnosed based on clinical signs. Our study is the first to employ IgE levels against several recombinant Culicoides spp. allergens as an objective, independent, and quantitative phenotype to improve the power to detect genetic variants that underlie IBH. Genotypes of 200 Shetland ponies, 127 Icelandic horses, and 223 Belgian Warmblood horses were analyzed while using a mixed model approach. No single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) passed the Bonferroni corrected significance threshold, but several regions were identified within and across breeds, which confirmed previously identified regions of interest and, in addition, identifying new regions of interest. Allergen-specific IgE levels are a continuous and objective phenotype that allow for more powerful analyses when compared to a case-control set-up, as more significant associations were obtained. However, the use of a higher density array seems necessary to fully employ the use of IgE levels as a phenotype. While these results still require validation in a large independent dataset, the use of allergen-specific IgE levels showed value as an objective and continuous phenotype that can deepen our understanding of the biology underlying IBH.

Component resolved diagnostics in peanut sensitized children with and without a history of clinical reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
Yasmin Hamzavi Abedi ◽  
Cristina P. Sison ◽  
Punita Ponda
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Ara H 1 ◽  
Sige Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Serum Peanut-specific-IgE (PN-sIgE) and peanut-component-resolved-diagnostics (CRD) are often ordered simultaneously in the evaluation for peanut allergy. Results often guide the plans for peanut oral challenge. However, the clinical utility of CRD at different total PN-sIgE levels is unclear. A commonly used predefined CRD Ara h2 cutoff value in the literature predicting probability of peanut challenge outcomes is 0.35kUA/L. Objective: To examine the utility of CRD in patients with and without a history of clinical reactivity to peanut (PN). Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 196 children with PN-sIgE and CRD testing, of which, 98 patients had a clinical history of an IgE-mediated reaction when exposed to PN and 98 did not. The Fisher's exact test was used to assess the relationship between CRD and PN-sIgE at different cutoff levels, McNemar test and Gwet’s approach (AC1 statistic) were used to examine agreement between CRD and PN-sIgE, and logistic regression was used to assess differences in the findings between patients with and without reaction history. Results: Ara h 1, 2, 3, or 9 (ARAH) levels ≤0.35 kUA/L were significantly associated with PN-sIgE levels <2 kUA/L rather than ≥2 kUA/L (p < 0.0001). When the ARAH threshold was increased to 1 kUA/L and 2 kUA/L, these thresholds were still significantly associated with PN-sIgE levels of <2, <5, and <14 kUA/L. These findings were not significantly different in patients with and without a history of clinical reactivity. Conclusion: ARAH values correlated with PN-sIgE. Regardless of clinical history, ARAH levels are unlikely to be below 0.35, 1, or 2 kUA/L if the PN-sIgE level is >2 kUA/L. Thus, if possible, practitioners should consider PN-sIgE rather than automatically ordering CRD with PN-sIgE every time. Laboratory procedures that allow automatically and reflexively adding CRD when the PN-sIgE level is ≤5 kUA/L can be helpful. However, further studies are needed in subjects with challenge-proven PN allergy.

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