scholarly journals Transboundary spread of peste des petits ruminants virus in western China: A prediction model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257898
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
GuoYong Xu ◽  
Zan Zeng ◽  
JiaNing Lv ◽  
LiYa Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Western China ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

In pan Pamir Plateau countries, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) has brought huge losses to the livestock industry and threaten the endangered wildlife. In unknown regions, revealing PPRV transmission among countries is the premise of effective prevention and control, therefore calls for quantified monitoring on disease communication among countries. In this paper, a MaxEnt model was built for the first time to predict the PPR risk within the research area. The least cost path (LCP) for PPR transboundary communication were calculated and referred to as the maximum available paths (MAP). The results show that there are many places with high-risk in the research area, and the domestic risk in China is lower than that in foreign countries and is mainly determined by human activities. Five LCPs representing corridors among Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India and China were obtained. This study proves for the first time that there is the possibility of cross-border transmission of diseases by wild and domestic animals. In the future, it will play an important role in monitoring the PPR epidemic and blocking-up its cross-border transmission.

scholarly journals Changes in newly notified cases and control of tuberculosis in China: time-series analysis of surveillance data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesheng Wang ◽  
Wenlong Zhu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wei-bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Western China ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: China has made progress in tuberculosis control, but this disease remains a burden in many regions of China. We performed time-series analysis to examine changes in the rates of newly notified and newly smear-positive cases of tuberculosis in different regions of China from 1997 to 2018 and assessed the effect of the current control program. Methods: National and provincial notification data on tuberculosis from 1997 to 2018, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, were extracted from the Chinese public health science data center. The annual percentage changes in newly notified and smear-positive cases were analyzed using a joinpoint regression method. Results: There were 18,646,672 newly notified tuberculosis cases from 1997 to 2018, with the greatest number in 2005. A total of 6,605,414 of these cases (35.42%) were smear-positive cases. Most provinces had significant declines in newly notified and smear-positive cases during the most recent years. The declines in newly notified cases were faster in the eastern and central provinces than in the western provinces. Conclusions: The burden of tuberculosis has been declining throughout China during recent years, but tuberculosis in western China continues to be a public health emergency that needs to be urgently addressed. Effective prevention and control strategies are needed for regions with high disease burdens and those with increasing or unchanging numbers of newly notified and smear-positive cases of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Changes in newly notified cases and control of tuberculosis in China: time-series analysis of surveillance data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Sheng Wang ◽  
Wen-Long Zhu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wei-Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background China has made progress in tuberculosis control, but this disease remains a burden in many regions of China. We performed time-series analysis to examine changes in the rates of newly notified and newly smear-positive cases of tuberculosis in different regions of China from 1997 to 2018 and assessed the effect of the current control program. Methods National and provincial notification data on tuberculosis from 1997 to 2018, which covers 31 provinces in the mainland of China, were extracted from the Chinese public health science data center. The annual percentage changes in newly notified and smear-positive cases were analyzed using a joinpoint regression method. Results There were 18 646 672 newly notified tuberculosis cases from 1997 to 2018, with the greatest number in 2005. A total of 6 605 414 of these cases (35.42%) were smear-positive cases. The number of newly notified cases in China overall decreased (96.88–59.27 cases per 100 000) significantly during the most recent years. The decline during this period ranged from −3.9% (95% CI −5.7 to −2.9) in the western region to −4.3% (95% CI −4.8 to −3.7) in the eastern region. Most provinces had significant declines in newly notified and smear-positive cases, whereas the decline of newly smear-positive cases in Xinjiang was about half of that observed during the same period in China overall (−4.1% vs −9.9%). In addition to disparities in annual percentage changes, the rate of newly notified cases was higher in the western region than in the eastern and central regions. Conclusions The burden of tuberculosis has been on declining throughout China during recent years, but tuberculosis in western China continues to be a public health emergency that needs to be urgently addressed. Effective prevention and control strategies are needed for regions with high disease burdens and those with increasing or unchanging numbers of newly notified and smear-positive cases of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Changes in newly notified cases and control of tuberculosis in China: time-series analysis of surveillance data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesheng Wang ◽  
Wenlong Zhu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wei-bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Western China ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background China has made progress in tuberculosis control, but this disease remains a burden in many regions of China. We performed time-series analysis to examine changes in the rates of newly notified and newly smear-positive cases of tuberculosis in different regions of China from 1997 to 2017 and assessed the effect of the current control program. Methods National and provincial notification data on tuberculosis from 1997 to 2017, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, were extracted from the Chinese public health science data center. The annual percentage changes in newly notified and smear-positive cases were analyzed using a joinpoint regression method. Results There were 17,823,330 newly notified tuberculosis cases from 1997 to 2017, with the greatest number in 2005. A total of 6,378,785 of these cases (35.79%) were smear-positive cases. Most provinces had significant declines in newly notified and smear-positive cases during the most recent years. The declines in newly notified cases were faster in the eastern and central provinces than in the western provinces. Conclusions The burden of tuberculosis has been declining throughout China during recent years, but tuberculosis in western China continues to be a public health emergency that needs to be urgently addressed. Effective prevention and control strategies are needed for regions with high disease burdens and those with increasing or unchanging numbers of newly notified and smear-positive cases of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Harmonization of EU law on cross-border movement of companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-116
Author(s):  
Tatjana Jevremović-Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Court ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

In this paper the author presents an overview of the EU legal framework for cross-border company's mobility. It gives a historic background to various obstacles related to cross-border mobility and puts it into the context of the European Court of Justice decisions on the various issues of right of establishment. EU Company Law Directive on Cross-border Mobility regulates cross-border conversions (resulting in the change of applicable law and at least registered seat of the company) and cross-border divisions for the first time. It also improves already existing regime for cross-border mergers. Directive on CrossBorder Mobility gives an opportunity for various internal market participants, including economically strong as well as smaller business forms to use advantages of predictable, efficient legal procedure to perform cross-border operations. It includes various harmonization instruments in order to protect interests of (minority) shareholders, creditors and employees. Double control, including issuance of the pre-merger certificate in the country of origin and control of the procedure in the destination country before cross-border procedure has been registered and becomes effective provides for optimal co-ordination of national authorities, and offers safe business environment for various market participants.

The Effects of Corporate Ownership on Public Accountants' Professionalism and Ethics

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Shafer ◽  
D. Jordan Lowe ◽  
Timothy J. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Corporate Acquisitions ◽  
Accounting Professionals ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

The current trend toward corporate acquisitions of CPA firms poses potential threats to the autonomy and ethical standards of public accounting professionals. This recent consolidation movement suggests that for the first time a significant number of public accounting professionals are subject to the supervision and control of nonprofessionals. In addition to acknowledging the potential threats to auditor independence and objectivity, this paper suggests that these new organizational arrangements for the provision of public accounting services have other negative effects on professionalism and ethics such as desensitizing CPAs to traditional professional values, and subverting professional institutions to the goals of corporate employers. This paper develops a framework that identifies several specific research questions related to the effects of corporate ownership on professionalism and ethics in public accounting.

scholarly journals The Enabling Role of Digital Technologies in Sustainability Accounting: Findings from Norwegian Manufacturing Companies

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Olena Klymenko ◽  
Lise Lillebrygfjeld Halse ◽  
Bjørn Jæger
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Sustainability Accounting ◽  
And Control

Sustainability accounting is an emerging research area receiving growing awareness. This study examines the role of digital technology in manufacturing companies’ sustainability accounting. To guide the research, we use a triple layered business model canvas, which supports the accounting of a manufacturer’s performance for the economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability. We present an explorative case study of four Norwegian manufacturing companies representing different industries. The findings from the study indicate that while accounting for economic values is well taken care of, companies do not perform comprehensive environmental and social accounting. Furthermore, we observed a shift from a focus on sustainability issues related to the internal manufacturing process to a focus on sustainability issues for the life cycle of the product. Even though the manufacturers are at the forefront with regard to automation and control of production, with extensive use of robots giving a large amount of data, these data are not utilized towards sustainability accounting, showing that sustainability and digitalization are seen as two separate phenomena. This study sheds light on how digital data available from applied Industry 4.0 technologies could enhance sustainability accounting with limited efforts, linking sustainability and digitalization. The results provide insights for manufacturers and researchers in moving towards more sustainable operations and products.

scholarly journals Integrated management is effective in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the blood purification center: joint efforts from multiple departments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Yin ◽  
Jun Yin ◽  
Zhiwu Tian ◽  
Peiqiu Li ◽  
Xiaoqiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Dialysis Center ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background During the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, many hospitals in China became the designated hospitals for the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia. The goal was to develop rapid and effective prevention and control methods for blood purification centers. Research design and methods The medical department, hospital department, nursing department, and blood purification center jointly set up a multi-department integrated COVID-19 prevention and control management team to manage the blood purification center. The efforts included the establishment of the continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) team for COVID-19, the integrated training and assessment of medical personnel, the integrated education of patients and their families, and the integrated management of the workflow of the hemodialysis room. Results No infected persons, including medical staff, patients, and their families, have been found in the dialysis center. After multi-departmental integrated training, the theoretical performance of medical staff in our dialysis center has increased from 82.36 ± 8.10 to 95.29 ± 4.95 (p < 0.05), and the unqualified rate dropped from 23.21 to 1.78% (p < 0.05). In addition, the three operational skills evaluation scores have also been significantly improved, from 86.00 ± 4.02, 88.01 ± 6.20, 92.01 ± 2.46 to 95.90 ± 0.30, 97.21 ± 0.87, 96.00 ± 1.00 (p < 0.01), and the passing rate from 80.36 to 100% (p < 0.05). Conclusion Medical staff’s knowledge of novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control can be improved by multi-sectoral integrated management, and CRRT treatment of COVID-19 patients is effective.

scholarly journals Borders and resilience: Asylum seeker reception at the securitized Finnish-Swedish border

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110000
Author(s):  
Eeva-Kaisa Prokkola
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The past decade has witnessed a shift from “open borders” policies and cross-border cooperation towards heightened border securitization and the building of border walls. In the EU context, since the migration influx of 2015–2016, many Member States have retained the re-instituted Schengen border controls intended to be temporary. Such heightened border securitization has produced high levels of anxiety among various populations and increased societal polarization. This paper focuses on the processes underpinning asylum seeker reception at the re-bordered Finnish-Swedish border and in the Finnish border town of Tornio. The asylum process is studied from the perspective of local authorities and NGO actors active in the everyday reception, care and control practices in the border securitization environment enacted in Tornio in 2015. The analysis highlights how the ‘success’ of everyday reception work at the Tornio border crossing was bound to the historical openness of the border and pre-existing relations of trust and cooperation between different actors at various scales. The paper thus provides a new understanding of the significance of borders and border crossings from the perspective of resilience and highlights some of the paradoxes of border securitization. It notes that although border closures are commonly envisioned as a direct response to forced migration, the everyday practices and capacities of the asylum reception at the Finnish-Swedish border are themselves highly dependent on pre-existing border crossings and cross-border cooperation.

scholarly journals Interoperability in Smart Manufacturing: Research Challenges

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe Zeid ◽  
Sarvesh Sundaram ◽  
Mohsen Moghaddam ◽  
Sagar Kamarthi ◽  
Tucker Marion
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Integrated Networks ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
And Control

Recent advances in manufacturing technology, such as cyber–physical systems, industrial Internet, AI (Artificial Intelligence), and machine learning have driven the evolution of manufacturing architectures into integrated networks of automation devices, services, and enterprises. One of the resulting challenges of this evolution is the increased need for interoperability at different levels of the manufacturing ecosystem. The scope ranges from shop–floor software, devices, and control systems to Internet-based cloud-platforms, providing various services on-demand. Successful implementation of interoperability in smart manufacturing would, thus, result in effective communication and error-prone data-exchange between machines, sensors, actuators, users, systems, and platforms. A significant challenge to this is the architecture and the platforms that are used by machines and software packages. A better understanding of the subject can be achieved by studying industry-specific communication protocols and their respective logical semantics. A review of research conducted in this area is provided in this article to gain perspective on the various dimensions and types of interoperability. This article provides a multi-faceted approach to the research area of interoperability by reviewing key concepts and existing research efforts in the domain, as well as by discussing challenges and solutions.

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