scholarly journals Borders and resilience: Asylum seeker reception at the securitized Finnish-Swedish border

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110000
Author(s):  
Eeva-Kaisa Prokkola
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The past decade has witnessed a shift from “open borders” policies and cross-border cooperation towards heightened border securitization and the building of border walls. In the EU context, since the migration influx of 2015–2016, many Member States have retained the re-instituted Schengen border controls intended to be temporary. Such heightened border securitization has produced high levels of anxiety among various populations and increased societal polarization. This paper focuses on the processes underpinning asylum seeker reception at the re-bordered Finnish-Swedish border and in the Finnish border town of Tornio. The asylum process is studied from the perspective of local authorities and NGO actors active in the everyday reception, care and control practices in the border securitization environment enacted in Tornio in 2015. The analysis highlights how the ‘success’ of everyday reception work at the Tornio border crossing was bound to the historical openness of the border and pre-existing relations of trust and cooperation between different actors at various scales. The paper thus provides a new understanding of the significance of borders and border crossings from the perspective of resilience and highlights some of the paradoxes of border securitization. It notes that although border closures are commonly envisioned as a direct response to forced migration, the everyday practices and capacities of the asylum reception at the Finnish-Swedish border are themselves highly dependent on pre-existing border crossings and cross-border cooperation.

scholarly journals Turkey’s governance of irregular migration at European Union borders: Emerging geographies of care and control

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beste İşleyen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
And Control

Combining insights from critical studies on humanitarianism and scholarly work emphasising everyday practices, this study examines Turkish policing of human mobility at European Union borders in two border cities: Edirne and İzmir. Through a focus on the central understandings, justifications and operational responses by Turkish border officials, the article highlights the intertwinement of care and control as inherent to humanitarianism in the daily governance of mobile populations at Turkey’s western borders. In so doing, the findings draw attention to discursive articulations and practices, while pointing to their moral, emotional and cultural elements. The article advances the literature by underlining the centrality of geography in impacting on the logics and practices of governing mobility within the territory of the nation state. The findings also underscore variations in border practices and the embodiment of humanitarianism between the two border cities under investigation as well as across the country. In addition, the article adds to debates on the emerging spaces of humanitarianism by bringing into focus the operation of humanitarian border policing in Turkey before departure and/or after the unsuccessful attempt of border crossing.

scholarly journals Into the Interstices: Everyday Practices of Refugees and Their Supporters in Europe’s Migration ‘Crisis’

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Fontanari ◽  
Maurizio Ambrosini
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Migration Crisis

This article investigates the interconnections between migration to Europe for asylum and the multiple ‘crises’ of the border regime that have occurred in recent decades. Drawing on 22 months of ethnographic research with refugees in Italy and Germany, the article highlights the tensions between migration policy and legislation at the structural level and the agency of refugees. The case study focuses on a protest staged by refugees in Berlin and the active involvement of its civil-society supporters. The everyday practices of refugees, including building relationships with local residents, cross-border mobility within Europe and ‘inhabiting’ the grey zones where different national jurisdictions intersect, generate frictions that open up spaces of autonomy: the ‘interstices’. Territorial, social and judicial interstices develop out of the power relations in Europe’s migration ‘battleground’.

scholarly journals Resurgents Create a Moral Landscape: Indigenous Resurgence and Everyday Practices of Farming in Okinawa

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Megumi Chibana
Keyword(s):  
Local Economy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Moral Landscape ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
And Control ◽  
Indigenous Land

Located at the territorial border of powerful states in the world, Okinawa has been a politically contested place because of the long and disproportionate hosting of the US military installations in Japan. Historically, the effects of military occupation and control of land appeared in the dispossession of Indigenous land, a transition of the local economy, and furthermore, environmental destruction of agrarian space. This essay examines everyday acts of Okinawans making Indigenous space and making the land a more livable place, despite having long been dominated and militarily occupied. More specifically, this essay explores the correlation between land-based practices of farming and (a)political activism in the community. Drawing upon ethnographic research in Okinawa, I share various stories of people engaged in active Indigenous resurgence, whom I have termed “resurgents.” Stories of these resurgents show their commitment to the land-based farming and community-based activism of restoring the Indigenous landscape and foodways. I argue that the everyday act of farming, while perhaps seemingly apolitical and personal, has been and becomes a form of sociopolitical action that not only acts to resist settler-military space but also to sustain firmly and to call forth resurgent Okinawan Indigeneity from the ground.

Understanding Romanians’ cross-border mobility in Europe: movers, stayers and returnees

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-224
Author(s):  
Roxana Barbulescu ◽  
Irina Ciornei ◽  
Albert Varela
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday

This chapter investigates the everyday practices of cross-border mobility of Romanian citizens in the light of the concept of ‘space-set’ (Recchi 2013 and 2015). Using mixed methods, we distinguish between stayers, movers and returnees and examine the role of frequency, reason for travel, destinations and personal significance. Findings show that Romanians’ long-term mobility, motivated especially by work, is amplified by more short-term mobility in the form of holidays, trips or visits to friends and families abroad. However, not all benefit from the rise in international mobility: two thirds of the stayers did not cross the border in the past two years. This finding suggests that first, mobile Romanians are pioneers of everyday European integration (Recchi and Favell 2009) and, second, long-term mobility has a ‘sticky’ nature and predicts short-term mobility irrespective of individual socio-economic resources. These insights counter stereotypes of Romanians, and also question what we call the ‘migratisation of mobilities’ where all forms of mobility are assimilated to a migration paradigm.

Cultural distance, investment flow, and control in cross-border cooperation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Oded Shenkar ◽  
Jiatao Li
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

scholarly journals Expanding transboundary tourist space – The growing significance of the Augustów Canal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
ALIAKSANDR CYARGEENKA ◽  
MAREK WIĘCKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Border Crossing ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
North Direction ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The Individual

Background: The Belarusian-Polish borderland has great tourism potential but in the same time suffers from many restrictions, especially geopolitical ones. An overall facilitation of foreigners’ trips into Belarus has facilitated the development of cross-border tourism and local resources could be used by tourists. One of the most important tourist attractions is the Augustów Canal. This article seeks to discuss changes made to one border crossing between Poland and Belarus whose location may be considered exceptional, given that it is on the Augustów Canal. Material and methods: Analysis of historical, legal and statistical materials; cartographic analysis and fieldwork. Results: Eased restrictions on crossing the border (i.e. 5 years of gradual, stepwise introduction of visafree regimes and zones by the Belarusian authorities) have combined with the emergence of new possibilities to travel along the Canal by bicycle or on foot to increase numbers of foreign tourists (including Poles) who take advantage of the visa-free opportunities. Conclusions: Opportunities for the development of tourism (especially of a transboundary nature) are influenced by the simultaneous “internationalisation” and “touristification” of border crossings in Belarus’s western borderland area, which serve as a tourist destination of global significance (the Augustów Canal) and/or traffic at the individual-visitor level. The factor of overriding importance encouraging steady enlargement of tourist space and its utilisation either side of the border is the so-called “Brześć-Grodno Space”, as a visa-free continuous corridor for tourism established in the period since November 2019. This allows for visits into western Belarus, in particular in a south-north direction. The Augustów (Augustovsky) Canal and its Rudawka-Lesnaya border crossing are expected to play a particular part in this process.

scholarly journals PROJECT-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT PECULIARITIES OF TRANSBORDER OPERATIONAL RESCUE UNITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
R. Ratushnyi ◽  
A. Тryhuba ◽  
P. Chmiel ◽  
O. Smotr ◽  
O. Prydatko
Keyword(s):  
Border Crossings ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Project Environment ◽  
Neighboring State ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Effective activity on transborder territories of the nearby states envisages the observance of the proper strength security both on border crossings and in building and premises located on the both sides of the border. Indisputa-bly, location of buildings and their amount is differed within the limits of those or other border crossings. Besides, active public activity on a border is changeable in time. Sufficient strength of this process security is supported by the rescue units provided with the proper amount of personnel and equipment. Transborder emergencies often happen. In most cases rescue units of one state do not have a necessary amount of own forces and facilities. It predetermines the necessity of employing the additional forces and facilities from other state. Obviously, it determines a necessity of realization the projects of crea-tion of transborder rescue units. Their realization requires attraction of additional backlogs and taking into account a turbu-lent project environment, that, in turn, needs the development of projects dealing with creation and functioning of inter-governmental rescue units. Their realization needs the use of the system approach to the management with taking into account of specific of project environment. In particular, realization of projects of creation and functioning of transborder rescue units needs the concordance of operating intergovernmental legislatively-normative acts. Thus there is a row of administrative tasks on each of the stages of such projects’ lifecycles. Thus, in the conditions, when the amount and the scales of technogenic catastrophes on transborder territories increase, realization of projects of creation and functioning of transborder rescue units is the very actual task of present time and there is a necessity of development of models and meth-ods of the project-oriented management for creation and functioning of intergovernmental rescue units.Aim. It is the purpose of argumentation the features of the project-oriented management as the basis of develop-ment of methods and models of corresponding projects frames activity realization.Methods. Studies are conducted with the use of methods and models of the project-oriented management in rela-tion to the dual fire-fighting system.Results. In the article the problem of development of models and methods of the project-oriented management dealing with creation and functioning of transborder rescue units is outlined in the process of realization of corresponding60 Вісник ЛДУБЖД, №19, 2019projects. For the decision of the outlined problem a conceptually new schema of intercommunications in the projects of rescue units creation was offered:– core of project, which consists of transborder projects of technogenic safety on the transborder territories, devel-opment of scientific innovations in the civil defence, cooperation of rescue units and government bodies. In general the internal environment of the project of creation of rescue unit will include such constituents as:– financing mechanism of the project (the main point here is the project budget, costs for the control and preven-tion of emergencies in the transborder areas, management of rescue units, which is characterized by a team of trained, skilled workers); social status (defined by providing standard living conditions for all participants involved in the pro-ject, including social security, wage provision, and rest conditions); authorities of neighboring states (providing various support to all project participants on the part of the leadership of both states); information system and control system (compliance with control and fulfillment of all tasks assigned to the project).It is established that the project of creation of transborder rescue units contains components that can be imple-mented as separate sub-projects. Preferably there can be four such sub-projects:- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and facilities at the border of the neighboring state;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means of the neighboring state;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means of several states.Conclusions. According to the results of the work, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. The analysis of the structure works projects establishment and operation of cross-border operational and rescue units made it possible to highlight the defining components that affect the efficiency of relevant projects and reduce time to implement them (duration emergency situations).2. It is established that the efficiency of cross-border projects of the rescue units creation is derived from the ap-proval process of interaction and professionalism of both countries, as well as project design and their turbulent project environment.3. The results of the studies are the basis of development and improvement of models and methods of project man-agement dealing with creation and functioning of transborder rescue units, which should be based on modeling their ac-tions and predicting turbulent project environment.

Shuttle Trade across Russia’s Borders with the Baltic States and Poland: Between Tolerance and Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-908
Author(s):  
Serghei Golunov
Keyword(s):  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Borderland Communities ◽  
Cigarette Smuggling ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Haul Truck

The paper focuses on the phenomenon of borderland shuttle trade across Russia’s borders with Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. I argue that borderland shuttle trade is more sustainable in comparison with long-haul shuttle trade, as the former gives entrepreneurs more flexibility, involves fewer transaction costs, and can rely on the extensive support of borderland communities. At the same time, it has some specific vulnerabilities, and its susceptibility to customs control and reliance on overloaded border crossing infrastructure are among the most important. Contrary to beliefs about contemporary states’ inability to exercise efficient control over informal cross-border flows in the age of globalization, this research demonstrates that over the course of time, states may be at least partially successful in suppressing informal cross-border trade. Ultimately, cross-border shuttle trade has proven to be vulnerable to more and more targeted restrictions and control practices. Still, it has also proven to be highly resistant to governmental crackdown in various ways, such as buying fuel from long-haul truck drivers or switching to trade in non-excisable goods or to low-penalty cigarette smuggling. The latter practice illustrates that shuttle trade is only part of the flexible informal cross-border economy and that it can be transformed into low-penalty smuggling when needed.

Border Crossings, From Theory to Practice: Looking for Floriberto

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Christine Eber ◽  
Sally Meisenhelder
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Border Zones ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Conducting Research

This article is about two women's journeys to understand our own and others' border crossings in the context of the forced migration that is transforming Mexico and the U. S. We explore insights from our experiences and observations of crossing diverse kinds of borders while conducting research and applied work in Chiapas, Mexico and living and working on the U. S./Mexico border. Scholars have theorized extensively about borders, broadening conceptions of borders that map cultures onto places. They write of the hybridity and fluidity of identity as people cross many types of border zones created by migration and transnational capitalism. While this scholarship is invaluable, it does not always fit well with the strong attachments to places and cultural traditions that many migrants hold (Nash 2001). In this essay we describe some specific border crossing experiences in order to illuminate the daily tensions and social, emotional and political complexities involved.

Ceci n’est pas un contrôle: PNR Data Processing and the Reshaping of Borderless Travel in the Schengen Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-456
Author(s):  
Julien Jeandesboz
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Equivalent Effect ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Can national authorities perform systematic checks on persons engaged in cross-border travel in the Schengen area without these checks being considered as border checks or as having an equivalent effect to border checks? The present article investigates a specific set of measures that involve the harnessing of “new technology” to enact systematic controls on persons traveling across the internal borders of Schengen states, through the processing of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data and in the framework of the EU PNR Directive. It argues that PNR data processing should at the same time be understood as part of the alternatives to border checks available for Member States to regulate cross-border mobility in the Schengen area and as a standout among these measures. PNR data processing challenges the existing legal framework of Article 23(a) of the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) as well as the assessment framework developed by the CJEU in its relevant case-law, not because it contravenes Schengen rules, but because it stretches and overflows them. Ultimately, PNR data processing puts into question the very understanding of what checks performed in relation to the act or intention of crossing a border actually stand for or whether controls related to border crossings can be characterised as border controls.

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