scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with floral transition and fruit development in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259119
Author(s):  
Xuan Gao ◽  
Lida Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Guosheng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Transporter Proteins ◽  
Fruit Stage ◽  
Flowering Development

Flowering and fruit set are important traits affecting fruit quality and yield in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei). Intense efforts have been made to elucidate the influence of vernalization and phytohormones on flowering, but the molecular mechanisms of flowering and fruit set remain unclear. To unravel these mechanisms, we performed transcriptome analysis to explore blueberry transcripts from flowering to early fruit stage. We divided flowering and fruit set into flower bud (S2), initial flower (S3), bloom flower (S4), pad fruit (S5), and cup fruit (S6) based on phenotype and identified 1,344, 69, 658, and 189 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparisons of S3/S2, S4/S3, S5/S4, and S6/S5, respectively. There were obviously more DEGs in S3/S2 and S5/S4 than in S4/S3, and S6/S5, suggesting that S3/S2 and S5/S4 represent major transitions from buds to fruit in blueberry. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated these DEGs were mostly enriched in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, transporter proteins, photosynthesis, anthocyanins biosynthesis, disease resistance protein and transcription factor categories, in addition, transcript levels of phytohormones and transporters changed greatly throughout the flowering and fruit set process. Gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid mainly acted on the early stage of flowering development like expression of the florigen gene FT, while the expression of auxin response factor genes increased almost throughout the process from bud to fruit development. Transporter proteins were mainly associated with minerals during the early flowering development stage and sugars during the early fruit stage. At the early fruit stage, anthocyanins started to accumulate, and the fruit was susceptible to diseases such as fungal infection. Expression of the transcription factor MYB86 was up-regulated during initial fruit development, which may promote anthocyanin accumulation. These results will aid future studies exploring the molecular mechanism underlying flowering and fruit set of rabbiteye blueberry.

scholarly journals Interspecific and Intraspecific Pollination Effects in Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton L. Gupton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Blue Ridge ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Partial Diallel

To determine the effects of pollen source on blueberry production, we made a partial diallel set of crosses involving seven rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and seven southern highbush (SH; V. corymbosum L.) parents. Pollination of rabbiteye blueberry flowers with SH pollen reduced fruit set, seeds per berry, and berry weight and increased fruit development period (FDP) compared to pollination with rabbiteye pollen. Pollination of SH flowers with rabbiteye pollen resulted in about the same fruit set and FDP but fewer seeds per berry and slightly lower berry weight compared to intraspecific pollination. Self-pollination significantly decreased the number of seeds per berry and berry weight and increased FDP in SH. Pollination of rabbiteye and SH flowers with mixed pollen produced the same results as intraspecific pollination. Using `Tifblue' and `Baldwin' (rabbiteye) as the pollen parent significantly increased FDP in rabbiteye blueberry. Using `Georgiagem' and `Cape Fear' as pollen parents produced the longest FDP, and using `O'Neal' and `Gulfcoast' produced the shortest FDP in SH blueberry. The heaviest berries were produced by using `Blue Ridge', `O'Neal', and `Gulfcoast' (SH) as pollen parents on SH females. These results suggest that xenia possibly could be used to increase yield and reduce FDP in blueberry.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of inbred lines and contrasting hybrids reveals overdominance mediate early biomass vigor in hybrid cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Shahzad ◽  
Xuexian Zhang ◽  
Liping Guo ◽  
Tingxiang Qi ◽  
Huini Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Region

Abstract Background: Heterosis breeding is the most useful method for yield increase around the globe. Heterosis is an intriguing process to develop superior offspring to either parent in the desired character. The biomass vigor produced during seedling emergence stage has a direct influence on yield heterosis in plants. Unfortunately, the genetic basis of early biomass vigor in cotton is poorly understood. Results: Three stable performing F1 hybrids varying in yield heterosis named as high, medium and low hybrids with their inbred parents were used in this study. Phenotypically, these hybrids established noticeable biomass heterosis during the early stage of seedling growth in the field. Transcriptome analysis of root and leaf revealed that hybrids showed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to their parents, while the comparison of inbred parents showed limited number of DEGs indicating similarity in their genetic constitution. Further analysis indicated expression patterns of most DEGs were overdominant in both tissues of hybrids. According to GO results, functions of overdominance genes in leaf were enriched for chloroplast, membrane, and protein binding, whereas functions of overdominance genes in root were enriched for plasma membrane, extracellular region, and responses to stress. We found several genes of circadian rhythm pathway related to LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) showed downregulated overdominant expressions in both tissues of hybrids. In addition to circadian rhythm, several leaf genes related to Aux/IAA regulation, and many root genes involved in peroxidase activity also showed overdominant expressions in hybrids. Twelve genes involved in circadian rhythm plant were selected to perform qRT-PCR analysis to confirm the accuracy of RNA-seq results. Conclusions: Through genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis, we strongly predict that overdominance at gene expression level plays a pivotal role in early biomass vigor of hybrids. The combinational contribution of circadian rhythm and other metabolic process may control vigorous growth in hybrids. Our result provides an important foundation for dissecting molecular mechanisms of biomass vigor in hybrid cotton.

scholarly journals Downstream of GA4, PbCYP78A6 Regulates Parthenogenesis by Mediating Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Pear (Pyrus Bretshneider Rehd.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqi Zhang ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Huibin Wang ◽  
Liu Cong ◽  
Rui Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Upstream Regulator ◽  
Ectopic Overexpression

Abstract Background: Parthenocarpy results in traits attractive to both consumers and breeders, and it overcomes the obstacle of self-incompatibility in the fruit set of horticultural crops, including pear (Pyrus bretshneider). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate parthenogenesis. Results: Here, in a transcriptional comparison between pollination-dependent and GA4-induced parthenocarpy, PbCYP78A6 was identified and proposed as a candidate gene involved in parthenocarpy. PbCYP78A6 is similar to Arabidopsis thaliana CYP78A6 and is highly expressed in pear hypanthia. The increased PbCYP78A6 expression, as assessed by RT-qPCR, was induced by pollination and GA4 exposure. The ectopic overexpression of PbCYP78A6 contributed to parthenocarpic fruit production in tomato. The PbCYP78A6 expression coincided with fertilized and parthenocarpic fruitlet development and the expression of fruit development-related genes as assessed by cytological observations and RT-qPCR, respectively. PbCYP78A6 RNA interference and overexpression revealed that the gene is an upstream regulator of fruit development-related genes in pear. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PbCYP78A6 plays a critical role in cell proliferation and provide insights into controlling parthenocarpy.

scholarly journals Downstream of GA4, PbCYP78A6 participates in regulating cell cycle-related genes and parthenogenesis in pear (Pyrus bretshneideri Rehd.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqi Zhang ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Huibin Wang ◽  
Liu Cong ◽  
Rui Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Upstream Regulator ◽  
Fruit Formation

Abstract Background Parthenocarpy results in traits attractive to both consumers and breeders, and it overcomes the obstacle of self-incompatibility in the fruit set of horticultural crops, including pear (Pyrus bretshneider). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate parthenogenesis. Results Here, in a transcriptional comparison between pollination-dependent fruit and GA4-induced parthenocarpy, PbCYP78A6 was identified and proposed as a candidate gene involved in parthenocarpy. PbCYP78A6 is similar to Arabidopsis thaliana CYP78A6 and highly expressed in pear hypanthia. The increased PbCYP78A6 expression, as assessed by RT-qPCR, was induced by pollination and GA4 exposure. The ectopic overexpression of PbCYP78A6 contributed to parthenocarpic fruit production in tomato. The PbCYP78A6 expression coincided with fertilized and parthenocarpic fruitlets development and the expression of fruit development-related genes as assessed by cytological observations and RT-qPCR, respectively. PbCYP78A6 RNA interference and overexpression in pear calli revealed that the gene is an upstream regulator of specific fruit development-related genes in pear. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PbCYP78A6 plays a critical role in fruit formation and provide insights into controlling parthenocarpy.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLIC ACID ENHANCES FRUIT SET OF PHYSICALLY DAMAGED BLUEBERRY FLOWERS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 430c-430
Author(s):  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
Scott NeSmith ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
Ben Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Corroborative Evidence ◽  
Better Than

Rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei R.) flowers often suffer slight freeze damage that prevents fertilization and fruit development. To determine if gibberellic acid (GA3) might be useful in rescuing freeze-damaged flowers the following treatments were applied before anthesis to two cultivars at different locations: 1) undamaged control, 2) approximately two-thirds of the corolla and most of the style removed, 3) approximately half of the style removed, and 4) ovules lanced with an insect pin by driving it through the equator of the undeveloped berry until the point came out the other side. Half the bushes were not sprayed, and half were sprayed with GA3 (312 ppm, v/v) the night following treatment. `Climax' at Chula, Ga., had good fruit set for treatment 1 with and without GA3 (70% to 85%). Good fruit set also occurred for treatment 2, 3, and 4 where GA3 was applied (47% to 54%), but poor fruit set without GA3 (4% to 16%). `Tifblue' at Chula had significantly better fruit set for treatment 1 with GA3 (54% vs. 27%). Excellent fruit set occurred for treatment 2, 3, and 4 where GA3 was applied (81% to 96%), and poor fruit set without GA3 (6% to 7%). `Tifblue' fruit set by GA3 sized better than `Climax' fruit set by GA3. The experiments provide corroborative evidence that flowers that have suffered freeze damage to the stigma, style, corolla, and perhaps ovules can be set with GA3.

Transcriptome Analysis of Low- and High-Sucrose Pear Cultivars Identifies Key Regulators of Sucrose Biosynthesis in Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1506
Author(s):  
Jiahong Lü ◽  
Xin Tao ◽  
Gaifang Yao ◽  
Shaoling Zhang ◽  
Huping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Sucrose Biosynthesis ◽  
High Sucrose

Abstract Sucrose accumulation is one of the important factors that determine fruit enlargement and quality. Evaluation of the sugar profile of 105 pear cultivars revealed low-sucrose and high-sucrose (HS) types of pear fruits. To better understand the molecular mechanisms governing the sucrose content of pear fruits, this study performed transcriptome analysis during fruit development using low-sucrose ‘Korla’ fragrant pear and HS ‘Hosui’ pear, and a coexpression module uniquely associated with the control of high-sucrose accumulation was identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. These results suggested that there are seven candidate genes encoding key enzymes (fructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase) involved in sucrose biosynthesis and several transcription factors (TFs) whose expression patterns correlate with those of genes associated with sucrose biosynthesis. This correlation was confirmed by linear regression analysis between predicted gene expression and sucrose content in different pear cultivars during fruit development. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying differences in sucrose content across pear cultivars and presents candidate structural genes and TFs that could play important roles in regulating carbohydrate partitioning and sucrose accumulation.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of brassinosteroids on petal growth in Gerbera hybrida

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Huang ◽  
Meixiang Han ◽  
Wei Yao ◽  
Yaqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Gerbera Hybrida ◽  
Petal Growth

Gerbera hybrida is a cut-flower crop of global importance, and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying petal development is vital for the continued commercial development of this plant species. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of phytohormones, are known to play a major role in cell expansion, but their effect on petal growth in G. hybrida is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that the brassinolide (BL), the most active BR, promotes petal growth by lengthening cells in the middle and basal regions of petals, and that this effect on petal growth was greater than that of gibberellin (GA). The RNA-seq (high-throughput cDNA sequencing) technique was employed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms by which BRs control petal growth. A global transcriptome analysis of the response to BRs in petals was conducted and target genes regulated by BR were identified. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) include various transcription factors (TFs) that were activated during the early stage (0.5 h) of BL treatment, as well as cell wall proteins whose expression was regulated at a late stage (10 h). BR-responsive DEGs are involved in multiple plant hormone signal pathways, hormone biosynthesis and biotic and abiotic stress responses, showing that the regulation of petal growth by BRs is a complex network of processes. Thus, our study provides new insights at the transcriptional level into the molecular mechanisms of BR regulation of petal growth in G. hybrida.

233 ASSOCIATION OF THE BOVINE 2-CELL-STAGE BLASTOMERE TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILE WITH THE INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF THE SISTER BLASTOMERE

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
E. Held ◽  
D. Salilew-Wondim ◽  
D. Tesfaye ◽  
K. Schellander ◽  
M. Hoelker
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Microarray Platform ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Transcriptome Profile ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination

Transcriptome profiling has been used to identify genes related to developmental competence in bovine embryos and oocytes for several years. However, the direct relationship between the transcriptome profile and developmental potential of the same pre-implantation embryo is missing. Therefore, in the present study, one blastomere of a 2-cell-stage embryo was taken as a biopsy and immediately snap-frozen for transcriptome analysis; the sister blastomere was cultured individually in a well-of-the-well culture system. Frozen individual blastomeres taking the form of 2-cell-stage embryos were pooled together, depending on the developmental destination of the sister blastomeres. Accordingly, three groups were defined: 1) embryos that did not cleave after separation (2CB), 2) embryos arrested before embryonic genome activation (8CB), and 3) embryos that reached the blastocyst stage (BL). On the basis of these developmental phenotypes, blastomeres were pooled and used for transcriptome analysis, using a bovine EmbryoGene microarray platform (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Results revealed 632 genes to be differentially regulated (fold change, P ≥ 1.5, P ≤ 0.05; FDR, P ≤ 0.1) between competent (BL group) and incompetent 2-cell-stage embryos (2CB) as well as 150 genes between the BL group and 8CB. Seventy-seven genes were commonly differentially regulated. Functional annotation analyses of differentially regulated genes indicated those genes to be involved in the protein ubiquitination pathway on the one hand and in the oxidative stress response, including oxidoreductase, peroxidase, and antioxidant activity, as well in oxidative phosphorylation (e.g. NDUFS1, MAPK14, CAT, PRDX1, and PRDX6) on the other hand. Furthermore, selected candidate genes known to function as direct and indirect scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analysed for their expression in an independent model for developmental competence; namely, early- and late-cleaved 2-cell-stage embryos. Moreover, ROS detection was performed, showing higher accumulation of ROS in late-cleaved 2-cell-stage embryos, whereas lower ROS levels were detected in early-cleaved 2-cell-stage embryos associated with higher expression of ROS scavengers. The overall findings of the present study indicate the potential of using blastomere biopsies at 2-cell-stage embryos for molecular analysis to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with the further developmental competence of early-stage embryos.

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