Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: Factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Arabic Coronavirus Anxiety Scale

Literature reports that fear and anxiety related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be a significant factor in promoting adherence to health-protective behaviours. This study aimed to validate an Arabic version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Participants aged 18 to 58 years of age were recruited from a university population (students and staff) as well as via social media from 22 June to 18 July 2020 when the United Arab Emirates was under a partial government-instituted lockdown. They completed Arabic versions of the CAS and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. A confirmatory factor analysis produced a unidimensional structure and all items satisfactorily loaded onto this single factor (i.e., the physiological symptoms of fear and anxiety related to coronavirus). The Arabic CAS was internally consistent and concurrently valid. These preliminary findings suggest that the Arabic CAS is a valid and reliable instrument to employ in the assessment of dysfunctional anxiety related to coronavirus. The availability of this validated measure will enable the further conduct of a variety of mental health studies in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also holds clinical utility as a potential screening measure for those afflicted by anxiety symptomology during the pandemic.

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Development of the Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Scale

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773820988629 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382098862

Author(s):

Chen-Hui Huang ◽

Dhea Natashia ◽

Tzu-Chia Lin ◽

Miaofen Yen

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Model Fit ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Healthy Behaviors ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Adherence to healthy behaviors is a protective factor in the disease progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Measuring adherence can lead to the recognition of unhealthy behaviors and the suggestion of programs to prevent poor health outcomes. An assessment measurement for patients with CKD not requiring dialysis was developed and psychometrically tested. A convenience sample ( n = 330) of patients with CKD attending a nephrology clinic in southern Taiwan completed the 13-item Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Scale (AHBS). A principal axis factor analysis and a parallel analysis demonstrated a three-factor structure accounting for 47.16% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. The criterion-related validity was adequate ( r = .51; p < .000), with a Cronbach’s alpha of .70; the test-retest reliability demonstrated good stability ( r = .70; p < .000). The AHBS is a valid, reliable instrument to assess adherence to healthy behaviors among patients with CKD.

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The Revised Social Anxiety Scale: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The Journal of Social Psychology ◽

10.1080/00224549909598381 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 250-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. E. Shevlin ◽

Christopher Alan Lewis

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Confirmatory Factor

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Development and Validation of News Addiction Scale

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research ◽

10.33824/pjpr.2021.36.1.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Ghulam Ishaq ◽

Saba Ghayas ◽

Adnan Adil

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Behavioral Activation ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Model Fit ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Principal Axis Factoring ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Unidimensional Structure ◽

Purposive Sample

The current study was undertaken in order to construct a psychometrically sound measure of news addiction for Pakistani people. The research comprised of three studies. The first study dealt with the development of News Addiction Scale (NAS) for Pakistani people. The items of the scale were empirically determined for content validation and an exploratory factor analysis was undertaken on a purposive sample of 247 individuals (men = 183, women = 64; with a mean age of 40.1 years, SD = 15.2 years). Thirty items were subjected to Principal Axis Factoring and the resulting scree plot and Eigenvalues evidenced a single factor solution with 19 items, which accounted for 53.96% of the variance. In the second study, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on a sample of 240 participants and the results revealed an excellent model fit to the data, which validated the unidimensional structure of the scale. Study III of the present research was conducted on a purposive sample of 100 individuals and it provided a convincing evidence of convergent validity of the scale as significant positive correlation was observed between news addiction and behavioral activation and concurrent validity as individuals with more duration of exposure had significantly higher mean score on the NAS. Across the two studies, the Cronbach alpha of the scale remained ≥ .90. These pieces of evidence suggested that NAS would be a promising indigenous measure of news addiction.

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PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE COVID-19 INDUCED ANXIETY SCALE AND PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS TOWARDS COVID-19 SCALE

Psycho-Educational Research Reviews ◽

10.52963/perr_biruni_v10.n3.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hikmet Yazıcı ◽

Fatma Altun ◽

Cansu Tosun ◽

Münevver Özdemir ◽

Yasemin Karsantık

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Study Data ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Turkish Language

The purpose of the present study was to adapt COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) and Protective Behaviors towards COVID-19 Scale (PBCS) into Turkish language, and to investigate their psychometric properties. 593 adults participated in the study. Data were collected through CIAS and PBCS as well as The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS). Cronbach alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) coefficients were utilized for reliability of the Turkish forms of the scales, and validity of the scales was tested with exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity. The analysis showed that α and ω reliability coefficients of both scales were over .70. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that CIAS had a single factor structure while PBCS had three dimensions as indicated in original forms of the scales. Significant and positive relationships were also found between the scores obtained from CIAS and PBCS and fear scores. To conclude, Turkish forms of CIAS and PBCS were proved to be valid and reliable tools to measure severity of COVID-19 induced anxiety through CIAS and individuals’ protective behaviors towards COVID-19 through PBCS.

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Development of the Anxiety Scale for Chemistry

Contemporary Educational Researches Journal ◽

10.18844/cerj.v11i3.5462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 106-112

Author(s):

Canan Kocak Altunday ◽

Aysem Seda Yucel

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Item Pool ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

Total Correlation ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Keywords Anxiety

Chemistry as a subject is seen by many students as an abstract and difficult lesson that bears no relationship to life. This study aimed to develop an ‘Anxiety Scale for Chemistry’, which is essential to setting an alternative for existing tools to determine anxiety for chemistry of students. This study has been carried out to develop a tool to measure the level of anxiety of students studying in the high schools in Turkey. The scale was developed as a result of the following processes: literature scan and creation of the item pool, taking expert opinions, item-total correlation, item distinctiveness features, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency reliability, examination of correlation between sub-dimensions and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the results obtained, the scale is acceptably reliable for the research in social sciences. This study recommends that the Anxiety Scale for Chemistry should be administered to students of other fields also. Keywords: Anxiety, scale, chemistry, reliability, validity, factor analysis.

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The Multidimensional Teachers’ Resilience Scale: Validation for Portuguese Teachers

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/0734282919836853 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 402-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Peixoto ◽

José Castro Silva ◽

Joana Pipa ◽

Marold Wosnitza ◽

Caroline Mansfield

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Secondary School ◽

Scale Validation ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Global Score ◽

Global Measure ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

The Hierarchical Structure

This article presents the validation of the Multidimensional Teachers’ Resilience Scale (MTRS) for Portuguese teachers and proposes a hierarchical model to represent teachers’ resilience. Participants were 334 Portuguese teachers from elementary to secondary school who responded to the MTRS and a global measure of teachers’ resilience. Confirmatory factor analysis provided acceptable fit for a 13-item solution distributed by four factors. Results support the hierarchical structure of teachers’ resilience. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis between the MTRS global score and the global measure of teachers’ resilience suggest that the MTRS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess teachers’ resilience.

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Psychometric properties of the Attitudes Scale facing Alcohol and Alcoholism in nursing students

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0774.2823 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Divane de Vargas ◽

Fernanda Mota Rocha

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Reliable Instrument

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the psychometric properties of the Attitudes Scale facing Alcohol and Alcoholism (EAFAA) and people with disorders related to the use of alcohol in nursing students. Method: a convenience sample (n=420) completed the EAFAA, the data were submitted to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: the EFA resulted in an instrument composed of 48 items divided into four factors. The CFA has established the validity of the factorial structure. The internal consistency of the scale was considered adequate (α=0.85) presenting a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 75%. Conclusion: the EAFAA constitutes a reliable instrument to identify the attitudes of nursing students towards alcohol, alcoholism and persons with disorders related to alcohol use.

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Development and Validation of an Empirical Model-based Instrument to Measure Empathy-driven Organizational Cultures in Indian Schools

Management and Labour Studies ◽

10.1177/0258042x20939016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 471-499

Author(s):

Debarshi Roy

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Organizational Culture ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Indian Schools ◽

Indian Context ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Core Construct

It has been widely acknowledged that empathy plays an important role in school education, but empathy as a part of school organizational culture has not been extensively studied in the Indian context. This study explores empathy as the driver for school organizational culture and strives to create a platform for school organizational designs with empathy as the core construct. The study was conducted with two main objectives: (a) to establish and validate a model of empathy-driven school organizational culture and (b) to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure organizational empathy in Indian schools. A random sample of 441 students participated in the study. The empathy-driven model was validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A part of the questionnaire used for the first part of the study was used for the second part as an independent instrument and validated through confirmatory factor analysis. The instrument was further validated for convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity. Thus, a model for empathy-driven school organizations was validated and a reliable and valid instrument for measuring empathy-driven cultures in schools was developed.

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Factor Structure and Gender Invariance Testing for the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2)

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jcsp.2016-0036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 201-217

Author(s):

Leilani A. Madrigal ◽

Vincenzo Roma ◽

Todd Caze ◽

Arthur Maerlender ◽

Debra Hope

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Online Survey ◽

Factor Model ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Negative Evaluation ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Analysis Group ◽

Confirmatory Factor

This study aimed to provide further psychometric validation of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) by assessing the factor structure, invariance across gender, and convergent and divergent validity of the SAS-2 by correlating both related (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, brief fear of negative evaluation, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative affect) and unrelated constructs (i.e., positive affect, self-confidence). A total of 542 current and former competitive athletes completed a questionnaire through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk system. All data were collected via online survey. Participants were randomly assigned to an exploratory factor analysis (n = 271) and confirmatory factor analysis group (n = 271). Results indicated that both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor model of anxiety involving somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption. Additionally, this study found the SAS-2 to be reliable, gender invariant, and have strong construct validity. Our findings extend the generalizability of the SAS-2 in more varied populations of athletic backgrounds.

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