scholarly journals Do unions contribute to creative destruction?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261212
Author(s):  
Harald Dale-Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Plant Closures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Job Creation And Destruction

We apply a shift-share approach and historical unionisation data from 1918 to study the impact of regional unionisation changes in Norway on regional wage and productivity growth, job-creation and -destruction and social security uptake during the period 2003–2012. As unionisation increases, wages grow. Lay-offs through plant closures and shrinking workplaces increase, causing higher retirement rates, while job creation, plant entry and other social security uptakes are unaffected. Productivity grows, partly by enhanced productivity among surviving and new firms and partly by less productive firms forced to close due to increased labour costs. Thus, unions promote creative destruction.

scholarly journals How Destructive Is Innovation?

Econometrica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garcia-Macia ◽  
Chang-Tai Hsieh ◽  
Peter J. Klenow
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Employment Share ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
To Come ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Job Creation And Destruction

Entrants and incumbents can create new products and displace the products of competitors. Incumbents can also improve their existing products. How much of aggregate productivity growth occurs through each of these channels? Using data from the U.S. Longitudinal Business Database on all nonfarm private businesses from 1983 to 2013, we arrive at three main conclusions: First, most growth appears to come from incumbents. We infer this from the modest employment share of entering firms (defined as those less than 5 years old). Second, most growth seems to occur through improvements of existing varieties rather than creation of brand new varieties. Third, own‐product improvements by incumbents appear to be more important than creative destruction. We infer this because the distribution of job creation and destruction has thinner tails than implied by a model with a dominant role for creative destruction.

scholarly journals JOB FLOWS AND PRODUCTIVITY DYNAMICS: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. MANUFACTURING

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER H. WHEELER
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Job Flows ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Job Creation And Destruction

Through their influence on the cross-sectional distribution of productivity across firms and workers, job creation and destruction likely have an impact on the rate at which aggregate productivity changes over time. However, the nature of this effect is not, a priori, clear. Although a broad consensus has emerged suggesting that job destruction enhances productivity by eliminating inefficient production units, theories disagree with regard to the effect of job creation. If job flows represent the reallocation of labor from low- to high-productivity positions, job creation would boost productivity growth. If, instead, they represent changes in employment along a primarily low-skill dimension, the effect would be negative. This paper estimates the influence of job creation and destruction on total factor productivity (TFP) growth using annual data on four-digit U.S. manufacturing. As expected, the results reveal a positive association between job destruction and changes in TFP. Yet, they also indicate that job creation tends to have a negative effect on productivity growth.

scholarly journals John Haltiwanger: recipient of the 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Coad ◽  
Martin Andersson ◽  
Magnus Henrekson ◽  
Sarah Jack ◽  
Mikael Stenkula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Job Creation And Destruction

AbstractThe 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research has been awarded to Professor John Haltiwanger. John Haltiwanger has made significant contributions to the field of entrepreneurship by improving our understanding of job creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the role of small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in economic development. He has played a major role in the careful development of large, longitudinal firm-level datasets, and introduced a novel and widely adopted measure of firm growth that addresses previous statistical biases. His work has influenced public policy and national statistical offices around the world.

MINIMUM WAGE AND SEVERANCE PAYMENTS IN A FRICTIONAL LABOR MARKET: THEORY AND ESTIMATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1600
Author(s):  
Carolina Silva
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Search Frictions ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Severance Payments ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Job Creation And Destruction

Wage dispersion is a critical factor in determining the impact of a minimum wage and severance payments on job creation and destruction in a general equilibrium model with search frictions. When wage dispersion is low, the minimum wage and severance payments behave as substitutes. However, as dispersion in wages increases, these policies become complements. The model is estimated using data from Chile and used to perform quantitative welfare analysis.

“Scrap-Heap Storiesˮ: Oral Narratives of Labour and Loss in Scottish Mining and Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-2018) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Arthur McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Industrial Work ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Plant Closures ◽  
The Impact

This article is an attempt to comprehend deindustrialisation and the impact of plant downsizing and closures in Scotland since the 1970s through listening to the voices of workers and reflecting on their ways of telling, whilst making some observations on how an oral history methodology can add to our understanding. It draws upon a rich bounty of oral history projects and collections undertaken in Scotland over recent decades. The lush description and often intense articulated emotion help us as academic “outsidersˮ to better understand how lives were profoundly affected by plant closures, getting us beyond statistical body counts and overly sentimentalised and nostalgic representations of industrial work to more nuanced understandings of the meanings and impacts of job loss. In recalling their lived experience of plant run-downs and closures, narrators are informing and interpreting; projecting a sense of self in the process and drawing meaning from their working lives. My argument here is that we need to listen attentively and learn from those who bore witness and try to make sense of these diverse, different and sometimes contradictory stories. We should take cognisance of silences and transgressing voices as well as dominant, hegemonic narratives if we are to deepen the conversation and understand the complex but profound impacts that deindustrialisation had on traditional working-class communities in Scotland, as well as elsewhere.

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