scholarly journals Relationship between the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and the optical coherence tomographic features of chorioretina in patients with preeclampsia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261287
Author(s):  
Jaekyoung Lee ◽  
Jin Gon Bae ◽  
Yu Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Placental Growth Factor ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plgf Ratio

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between ophthalmologic factors and the serologic indicator soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1): placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio in patients with preeclampsia using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A). A total of 52 pregnant patients (104 eyes) diagnosed with preeclampsia were recruited during their hospital stay. The associations between the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and chorioretinal measurements, including the choroidal thickness (CT), foveal avascular zone, vascular density, and ganglion cell layer+ were evaluated. Central and nasal subfield CT of the left eye (p = 0.039; p = 0.010) and nasal subfield CT of the right eye (p = 0.042) were lower in the high sFlt-1/PlGF ratio group (≥38). Pearson’s correlation test showed a negative correlation between the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and central subfield CT; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.648). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and central subfield CT (β coefficient, -6.66; p = 0.01) and between sFlt-1 and central subfield CT (β coefficient, -5.65; p = 0.00). Thus, an increase in the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio resulted in a decrease in central subfield CT.

scholarly journals Relationship between proteinuria and optical coherence tomographic features of the chorioretina in patients with pre-eclampsia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251933
Author(s):  
Kyu Young Shim ◽  
Jin Gon Bae ◽  
Jae Kyoung Lee ◽  
Yu Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the correlation between ophthalmologic factors and proteinuria in patients with pre-eclampsia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. In total, 61 pregnant patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia were recruited during their hospital stay. The authors investigated the relationship between urine protein–creatinine ratio (PCR) and chorioretinal measurements including choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vascular density (VD), ganglion cell layer+ (GCL+) and GCL++. The associations between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ophthalmologic factors were also evaluated. Central subfield CT of the right eye (p = 0.031) and paracentral CT of both eyes were related to higher PCR (≥1.35 mg/mg). A significant association with PCR after logarithm transformation was noted (r = 0.284, p = 0.026). Retinal measurements (FAZ, VD, GCL+ and GCL++) and CVI were not related with PCR. There was a positive association between MAP and PCR after logarithm transformation (r = 0.296, p = 0.021); however, chorioretinal factors were not related with MAP. In pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, CT using OCT is a novel factor that is correlated with PCR. Ocular structural alteration in patients with pre-eclampsia may be one of systemic vascular changes caused by pre-eclampsia rather than hypertension.

scholarly journals Normative data on the foveal avascular zone in a young healthy Irish population using optical coherence tomography angiography

2022 ◽  
pp. 112067212110734
Author(s):  
Susan M. O'Shea ◽  
Veronica M. O’Dwyer ◽  
Grainne Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Avascular Zone

Purpose To establish normative data on the size, shape and vascular profile of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in a young, healthy, Irish population, using the Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT. Certain diseases may alter FAZ appearance. Normative databases provide normal baseline values for comparison, thus improving diagnostic ability. Methods One hundred and fifty-four subjects aged 18–35 years old were recruited. Superficial FAZ area, diameter, circularity, ganglion cell layer, central macular thickness (CMT), vascular perfusion and density were measured using the Cirrus 5000. Axial length was measured with the IOL Master and blood pressure was measured using the Omron sphygmomanometer. Results Mean FAZ area was 0.22 ± 0.07 mm2, mean CMT was 263.08 ± 18.73μm. Both were larger in females than males (p = 0.022, p = 0.000). Mean vessel density and perfusion central were 14.11 ± 2.77 mm/mm2 and 24.70 ± 4.96% respectively. Both were lower in females (p = 0.010, p = 0.019). Vessel density and perfusion inner correlated positively with minimum ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thickness (p = 0.001, p = 0.019). CMT correlated positively with vessel density and perfusion central (p = 0.000 for both) and negatively with FAZ area (p = 0.000). Conclusions This study provides normative data for FAZ appearance and vascularity for the first time in a young, healthy, Irish population, using the Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT. Establishing machine and population specific normative data, particularly in relation to vessel density and perfusion is paramount to the early identification of ocular disease using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

scholarly journals Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography results of adult patients with Familial Mediterranean fever and healthy individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141989205
Author(s):  
Emine Esra Karaca ◽  
Dilay Ozek ◽  
Ahmet Omma ◽  
Ozlem Evren Kemer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the macular ultrastructure measuring by optical coherence tomography angiography in adult patients with Familial Mediterranean fever. Methods: Participants were 62 Familial Mediterranean fever patients and 54 healthy individuals in control group with similar age and sex. The superficial and deep vascular plexus structures covering the central fovea in an area of 6 mm × 6 mm were measured using AngioVue images taken with optical coherence tomography angiography. Vasculature structure, foveal avascular zone, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone (the ratio of the perimeter of foveal avascular zone and the perimeter of a circle with the equal area), and superficial and deep retinal plexus densities were measured. Results: The inferior deep vascular density was measured: 49.17% ± 8.59% in Familial Mediterranean fever patients, 55.56% ± 5.92% in the control group. The deep inferior-hemi vascular density was measured: 48.59% ± 10.34% in Familial Mediterranean fever patients, 56.54% ± 8.05% in the control group. Deep inferior and deep inferior-hemi vascular density was significantly reduced in Familial Mediterranean fever patients compared with healthy controls ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: The vascular abnormalities in optical coherence tomography angiography show subclinical signs of microangiopathy in Familial Mediterranean fever patients. This observation, which can be obtained only through optical coherence tomography angiography, may be an ocular hallmark for Familial Mediterranean fever disease.

scholarly journals Foveal Avascular Zone in Hypertension as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ludmila Gomes Dantas De Sá ◽  
Diego Nery Benevides Gadelha ◽  
Maria Cecília Santos Cavalcanti Melo ◽  
Carlos Teixeira Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To investigate the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area in patients with arterial hypertension using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Material and methods: The study was permormed at the School Clinic of UNIFACISA and at the Eye Care Center. It was included 21 hypertensive patients (study group) and 19 individuals without hypertension (control group). It was excluded patientes with diabetes or glaucoma. The measurement of the FAZ areas was performed by the DRI OCT-1Triton/Plus. For the quantitative variables, the results were expressed by their means and standard deviations. Qualitative variables were expressed by their absolute and relative frequencies. Student’s t-test was used to verify differences between means and Fisher’s exact test for differences between frequencies. For evaluating the correlation between the superficial and deep plexus areas, the Pearson correlation test was used. P value ≤ 0.05, rejected the null hypothesis. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School from Campina Grande -UNIFACISA and all individuals signed the free and informed consent form.Results: The means of the superficial FAZ of both eyes was significantly higher in the study group (right eye 410.7 ± 160.7 μm2 - 319.1 ± 108.2 μm2 - p = 0.0433); (left eye: 405.4 ± 144.8 μm2 versus 309.4 ± 87.7 μm2- p = 0.0174). The means of the deep FAZ areas of the right and left eyes were similar between the study and control groups (right eye: 559.6 ± 253.28 μm2 versus 605.1 ± 226.8 μm2 - p = 0.5548); (left eye: 673.2 ± 170.8 μm2 versus 585.6 ± 171.2 μm2 - p = 0.1142). The relationships between the superficial and deep plexus areas of both eyes showed a weak correlation between the two plexuses. (r = 0.4734), left eye (r = 0.2287), study group - right eye: (r = 0.4374), left eye (r = 0.3580).Conclusion: The area of superficial FAZ of the right and left eyes was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. The deep FAZ area of both eyes, however showed similar mean areas between the study and control groups.

scholarly journals Is the Retinal Vasculature Related to β-Peripapillary Atrophy in Nonpathological High Myopia? An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study in Chinese Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Sun ◽  
Jialin Wang ◽  
Ran You ◽  
Yanling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Peripapillary Atrophy ◽  
Avascular Zone

Purpose. The association between β-peripapillary atrophy and the retinal vasculature in nonpathological high myopia is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether β-peripapillary atrophy contribute to the changes of the retinal vasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, one hundred and thirty eyes with nonpathological high myopia were included. β-peripapillary atrophy was analysed using Image J software based on fundus photographs. A 3.0 × 3.0 mm2 grid and a 4.5 × 4.5 mm2 grid were used to scan parafoveal and peripapillary regions using optical coherence tomography angiography, respectively. Vessel density and fractal dimensions of the retina and foveal avascular zone were analysed and quantified using en face projection images. Correlations between the vascular density, foveal avascular zone, and β-peripapillary atrophy were determined. Results. Using multivariate analysis, β-peripapillary atrophy was negatively correlated with the vessel density in radial peripapillary capillaries (p=0.002) even after adjusting for other variables. This relationship was also confirmed in the macula (superficial retinal plexus: p<0.05; deep retinal plexus: p<0.05). The vessel densities in the nasal and inferior sectors were more strongly correlated with β-peripapillary atrophy. Conclusions. There was a negative correlation between β-peripapillary atrophy and the retinal vasculature in highly myopic eyes, especially in radial peripapillary capillaries and deep retinal plexus. β-peripapillary atrophy can be visualized and is a convenient structural feature that can benefit the early diagnosis and detection of chorioretinal atrophy in high myopia.

scholarly journals Relationship among foveal avascular zone area, vessel density and foveal ganglion cell layer thickness changes in diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-ning Wang ◽  
Shu-ting Li ◽  
Xin-hua Du ◽  
Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone

Abstract Background To (i) evaluate the variations in the foveal avascular zone area (FAZ), vessel density (VD) and foveal ganglion cell layer (GCC) thickness changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR), as demonstrated by OCT angiography (OCTA) and (ii) correlate these variations. Methods This study was a retrospective observational case series of patients with DR. We studied a total of 64 eyes from patients with diabetic mellitus (DM), including 34 eyes with DR (DR group) and 30 eyes with DM without DR (NDR group). Additionally, 20 age-matched normal people were included as the control group. OCTA was performed using an NIDEK RS-3000 Advance device. Retinal capillary VD, FAZ area and GCC thickness were measured in the foveal regions (3*3 mm). Results The FAZ areas in the superficial (SRL) and deep capillary plexus layer (DL) were significantly enlarged in both the NDR and DR groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). In both the NDR and DR groups, the mean VD% in the SRL/DL, the SupGCC and InfGCC thickness were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the NDR and DR groups for these measurements. Multivariable linear regression showed that the AvgGCC thickness was correlated with FAZ area (b=-11.372, p=0.001) and VD% (b=0.752, p=0.007) in the DL. Conclusions The FAZ area, mean VD% and GCC thickness in DR patients were differed compared with healthy controls. The AvgGCC thickness was correlated with FAZ area and VD% in the DL.

scholarly journals Change in the Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Capillary Network Density after Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Healthy Retina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadık Görkem Çevik ◽  
Bekir Selim Bağlı
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hbo2 Therapy

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate responses in retinal tissue by swept source OCT angiography (OCT-A) to hyperoxia after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy. Methods: The study was conducted in volunteers who received HBO2 treatment but did not have any eye disease. Patients underwent detailed eye examinations including dilated fundus examination, visual acuity, and refraction before being admitted for HBO2 therapy. Measurements were made before and immediately after HBO2 therapy. Enface images of the retinal vasculature were obtained from the superficial and deep retinal plexus (SP/DP). Quantitative analysis of the vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area was performed. Results: In total, 31 patients (15 female) with healthy retina were included in the study. The mean age was 42.8 years. The mean SP vascular density measurements before HBO2 therapy for the right and left eyes were 15.18 ± 1.2 mm−1 and 15.01 ± 1.3 mm−1, respectively; the measurements after HBO2 therapy for the right and left eyes were 14.34 ± 1.4 mm−1 and 14.48 ± 1.19 mm−1. The mean DP vascular density measurements before HBO2 therapy for the right and left eyes were 16.03 ± 1.69 mm−1 and 16.1 ± 1.45 mm−1, respectively; the measurements after HBO2 therapy for the right and left eyes were 15.02 ± 1.65 mm−1 and 15.12 ± 2.16 mm−1, respectively. Reduction of mean VD in superficial and deep plexus after HBO2 was statistically significant (P = 0.001 and P = 0.000, respectively). Changes in mean FAZ area before and after HBO2 therapy were not statistically significant (P = 0.719). Conclusion: The healthy retina responds to oxygen supersaturation with HBO2 therapy by eventually decreasing vascular density in all layers. These findings may be important for further studies especially related to retina and choroidal oxygenation.

scholarly journals Retinal Morphological Alterations in Polycythemia Vera: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muberra Akdogan ◽  
Mustafa Dogan ◽  
Anar Alizade ◽  
Mehmet Cem Sabaner ◽  
Hamidu Hamisi Gobeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract PurposeInvestigation of retinal morphological alterations in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Materials and MethodsThirty PV patients (group 1) who were followed-up at Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital, Department of Hematology, and 30 normal subjects (group 2) who applied to Ophthalmology Department for routine eye examination were enrolled in this cross-sectional, single-centered study. Following a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, all participants underwent spectral-domain OCTA examination with Angio Retina mode (6x6 mm). Data were compared between groups for statistical significance.RESULTSThe male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Mean ages were 46.97±3.20 and 47.42±2.55 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P: 0.350). Compared to group 2, group 1 had higher values of superficial whole, parafoveal, deep foveal, perifoveal region vascular density, foveal avascular zone perimeter, and foveal vascular density in 300 μm wide regions around foveal avascular zone values, although there were no statistically significant differences. Further, group 1 had statistically non-significantly decreased flow values and foveal avascular zone area compared to group 2. The superficial foveal vascular density was statistically significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P: 0.032).CONCLUSIONFor the first time, the present study has revealed association of PV with substantial increase in the vascular density almost all around the foveal region. This suggests consideration of potential hyperviscosity impact on the vessel density during macular microcirculation assessment of patients with PV.

scholarly journals 949. Use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography to Assess Microvascular Health Among Persons with HIV: Employing the Retina as a Convenient Window

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S507-S507
Author(s):  
Lauren F Collins ◽  
Jessica G Shantha ◽  
Peter L Nesper ◽  
Anandi N Sheth ◽  
Amani A Fawzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Mechanisms underlying the rising burden of non-AIDS comorbidities (NACM) among persons with HIV (PWH) remain unclear. Microvasculopathy may link HIV-related chronic inflammation and premature multimorbidity, similar to diabetes and other conditions characterized by inflammatory end-organ damage. We used a novel retinovascular imaging tool, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), to evaluate the retina as a convenient assessment of microvascular health among PWH. Methods Data from 4 PWH who underwent OCTA (Zeiss CIRRUSTM HD-OCT 5000) at the Emory Eye Center from 2018-2020 were analyzed. Demographics, HIV-specific indices and NACM were summarized at the time of OCTA. Images were reviewed qualitatively and metrics of microvascular health – the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vessel density (VD) from the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) – were calculated by ImageJ. Results The median age was 39 years, 100% were male, 100% were black, 25% had ever smoked, and median body mass index was 25.4 kg/m2. Median time since HIV diagnosis was 19 years, all patients had a history of clinical AIDS, including 2 with prior cytomegalovirus retinitis. Median current CD4 count was 84 cells/mm3, 100% were prescribed antiretroviral therapy and 50% had HIV viral suppression. Prevalent NACM included (each n=1): hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and asthma. Qualitatively, all 7 of the eyes evaluated by OCTA had evidence of microvascular pathology: 2 eyes demonstrated diffuse capillary nonperfusion, while the remaining 5 eyes had focal areas of nonperfusion around the FAZ. Mean FAZ area was 0.31 (SD±0.10) mm2 and mean VD of the SCP was 43.9% (SD±10.9%). Retinovascular pathology identified by fundoscopy and OCTA is shown in the figure. Figure. Retinal imaging of a PWH with bilateral retinal vasculitis. Fundus photos of the right (A) and left (C) eyes show retinal vasculitis highlighted by the red arrows. OCTA of the right (B) and left (D) maculae (3X3 scan Zeiss AngioplexTM) show the FAZ areas outlined in yellow, both of irregular contour. OCTA of the left macula demonstrates areas of significant flow voids marked by the asterisks and the FAZ area is enlarged. Conclusion Among patients with longstanding HIV, OCTA identified microvascular abnormalities in all retinae examined. Retinovascular evaluation by OCTA is a feasible, non-invasive technique for assessing microvascular health and findings support additional study in a larger, more diverse group of PWH. Screening tools targeting microvasculopathy among PWH may aid in earlier detection of those at greatest risk of NACM and allow for aggressive risk-modification strategies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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