Video-based quantification of human movement frequency using pose estimation: A pilot study

Assessment of repetitive movements (e.g., finger tapping) is a hallmark of motor examinations in several neurologic populations. These assessments are traditionally performed by a human rater via visual inspection; however, advances in computer vision offer potential for remote, quantitative assessment using simple video recordings. Here, we evaluated a pose estimation approach for measurement of human movement frequency from smartphone videos. Ten healthy young participants provided videos of themselves performing five repetitive movement tasks (finger tapping, hand open/close, hand pronation/supination, toe tapping, leg agility) at four target frequencies (1–4 Hz). We assessed the ability of a workflow that incorporated OpenPose (a freely available whole-body pose estimation algorithm) to estimate movement frequencies by comparing against manual frame-by-frame (i.e., ground-truth) measurements for all tasks and target frequencies using repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and intraclass correlations. Our workflow produced largely accurate estimates of movement frequencies; only the hand open/close task showed a significant difference in the frequencies estimated by pose estimation and manual measurement (while statistically significant, these differences were small in magnitude). All other tasks and frequencies showed no significant differences between pose estimation and manual measurement. Pose estimation-based detections of individual events (e.g., finger taps, hand closures) showed strong correlations (all r>0.99) with manual detections for all tasks and frequencies. In summary, our pose estimation-based workflow accurately tracked repetitive movements in healthy adults across a range of tasks and movement frequencies. Future work will test this approach as a fast, quantitative, video-based approach to assessment of repetitive movements in clinical populations.

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Video-based quantification of human movement frequency using pose estimation

10.1101/2021.02.01.429161 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah L. Cornman ◽

Jan Stenum ◽

Ryan T. Roemmich

Keyword(s):

Pose Estimation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Human Movement ◽

Whole Body ◽

Finger Tapping ◽

Manual Measurement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Repetitive Movements ◽

Movement Frequency

ABSTRACTAssessment of repetitive movements (e.g., finger tapping) is a hallmark of motor examinations in several neurologic populations. These assessments are traditionally performed by a human rater via visual inspection; however, advances in computer vision offer potential for remote, quantitative assessment using simple video recordings. Here, we evaluated a pose estimation approach for measurement of human movement frequency from smartphone videos. Ten healthy young participants provided videos of themselves performing five repetitive movement tasks (finger tapping, hand open/close, hand pronation/supination, toe tapping, leg agility) at four target frequencies (1-4 Hz). We assessed the ability of a workflow that incorporated OpenPose (a freely available whole-body pose estimation algorithm) to estimate movement frequencies by comparing against manual frame-by-frame (i.e., ground-truth) measurements for all tasks and target frequencies using repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and intraclass correlations. Our workflow produced largely accurate estimates of movement frequencies; only the hand open/close task showed a significant difference in the frequencies estimated by pose estimation and manual measurement (while statistically significant, these differences were small in magnitude). All other tasks and frequencies showed no significant differences between pose estimation and manual measurement. Pose estimation-based detections of individual events (e.g., finger taps, hand closures) showed strong correlations with manual detections for all tasks and frequencies. In summary, our pose estimation-based workflow accurately tracked repetitive movements in healthy adults across a range of tasks and movement frequencies. Future work will test this approach as a fast, low-cost, accessible approach to quantitative assessment of repetitive movements in clinical populations.

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Scintigraphic evaluation of mandibular bone turnover inhibition by bisphosphonates in patients with solid tumors

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9519 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 9519-9519

Author(s):

T. Van den Wyngaert ◽

M. T. Huizing ◽

E. Fossion ◽

J. B. Vermorken

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Whole Body ◽

Skeletal Metastases ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

Significance Level ◽

Local Bone ◽

Significant Difference

9519 Background: Bisphosphonates (BP) have been associated with the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), possibly by causing an excessive inhibition of local bone turnover. However, little in vivo evidence currently exists to support this theory. Methods: Whole-body scintigrams acquired after administration of 99mTc labeled medronate of 120 patients were studied. Patients with skeletal metastases from a solid tumor (n=40) were individually matched with cancer patients without BP exposure (n=40) and controls with neither a malignancy nor BP use (n=40). Controls were matched for age, gender, malignancy, steroid and hormonal therapy use, where appropriate. Patients with established ONJ or intense focal abnormalities in the studied regions were excluded. Mandibular bone turnover (MBT) was quantified relative to the femurs by defining regions-of-interest on the scintigrams with correction for background activity. The study had a power of 90% to detect a 10% reduction in MBT after BP use. Results were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA with a two-sided significance level of p<0.05. Results: The patients with BP exposure (34 female, 6 male) had a median age of 62 years (range 25–80) and received a median number of 11 zoledronic acid administrations (range 1–48). Malignancies included: breast (n=30), prostate (n=4), colon (n=2) and bladder cancer (n=2); and neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=2). The mean MBT was significantly lower in BP using cancer patients (2.59) compared with matched controls from oncological patients without BP use 3.01 (difference 0.42; 95% CI 0.13 - 0.72; p=0.006), or patients without cancer or BP exposure 3.09 (difference 0.50; 95% CI 0.21 - 0.78; p=0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in MBT between non-BP users (difference 0.08; 95% CI -0.31 - 0.46; p=0.7). Likewise, no correlation between MBT and the number of BP administrations could be demonstrated (r2=0.01; p=0.4), suggesting a stochastic rather than a deterministic effect. Conclusions: This in vivo data suggests that BP cause a higher inhibition of bone turnover in the mandible relative to the femur, which strengthens the hypothesis that the inhibition of bone turnover may be important in the pathophysiology of ONJ. [Table: see text]

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Abstract 10522: Early Lactate Clearance is Associated With Survival in a National Cohort of Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Managed With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.144.suppl_2.10522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Emilie Gregers ◽

Louise Linde ◽

Sivagowry Moerk ◽

Jo B Andreasen ◽

morten smerup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Lactate Level ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Lactate Clearance ◽

Low Flow ◽

Whole Body ◽

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: In refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), prolonged whole-body ischemia with global tissue injury proceeds even after achievement of reperfusion with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). Hypothesis: Biomarkers reflecting ischemia and inflammation may be used for prognostication of refractory OHCA managed with eCPR. Methods: This nationwide retrospective study included patients (≥18 years) with refractory OHCA managed with eCPR in Denmark (2011 to 2020). Biomarker levels at admission, at 24 hours (lactate, leukocytes, and platelets), and repeated measures of lactate after eCPR initiation were analyzed. Lactate clearance was calculated as (admission lactate - post eCPR lactate) / admission lactate x100%. Results: Two hundred eighteen patients (80% male; age 52±12yrs) were included. Primary cause of OHCA was acute myocardial infarction (63%), 69% had shockable primary rhythm and 86% witnessed OHCA with a median low-flow time of 105 minutes (Q1-Q3: 86-124 min.). Fifty-three (24%) survived to hospital discharge. Survivors had a significantly lower lactate level at admission (13.1 vs. 15.4 mmol/l, p=0.004) and after 24 hours (2.8 vs. 5.0, p=0.001), and a significantly higher admission platelet level (181 vs. 153 x10 9 /l, p=0.03). No difference in admission levels of leukocytes nor leukocytes and platelets after 24 hours were found between survivors and non-survivors. Lactate clearance was available for 68% and 79% of patients alive after 8 and 24 hours, respectively. All survivors had a lactate level less than admission lactate at 8 hours (lactate clearance >0%) and had cleared >25% of admission lactate at 24 hours after eCPR initiation. There was a significant difference in survival between quartiles of lactate clearance at 8 hours after eCPR initiation (Figure 1). Conclusion: In conclusion, early lactate clearance after eCPR initiation was associated with survival to discharge in refractory OHCA-patients.

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94 Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Is a Valid and Reliable Measure of Edema in Hand Burn Injury

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S61-S62

Author(s):

Dale O Edwick ◽

Dana A Hince ◽

Jeremy M Rawlins ◽

Fiona M Wood ◽

Dale W Edgar

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Middle Finger ◽

Whole Body ◽

Electrode Position ◽

Bioimpedance Spectroscopy ◽

Reliable Measure ◽

Dorsal Hand ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Distance Interaction

Abstract Introduction The assessment of swelling following burn injury is complicated by the presence of wounds and dressings, particularly as the patient cohort experience significant pain, impaired movement, and may require medications that result in modified behavior. Further, traditional measures of volume, such as water displacement volumetry (WDV) or circumferential limb measures may pose increased infection risk and pain due to contact with open wounds. Clinically, edema is most often assessed by noting loss of skin creases, palpation of areas of visible swelling, and loss of function, as there remains a lack of sensitive objective measures for edema in patients with hand burn injury. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a measure of body composition that has been demonstrated by our group to be reliable for measuring whole body and limb edema during resuscitation, and to be sensitive to local edema changes within healing wounds. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of BIS as a measure of edema following hand burn injury. Methods One hundred patients presenting with hand burn injury were recruited to this trial. Repeated volume measures of the hand were recorded using a novel application of BIS, and repeated using WDV. The results were analysed using multi-level mixed effects regressions. The use of BIS electrodes on the dorsum of the middle finger at the DIP and MCPJ levels, and dorsum of the wrist and forearm have been previously described for measuring lymphedema. Results Paired repeated measures were obtained for 195 hands. Alternate electrode positions on the palm of the middle finger and hand, and volar wrist and forearm, and a combination of palmar hand / dorsal forearm were assessed. There was no evidence of a significant difference between these electrode configurations and the previously described dorsal hand / forearm configuration (position x distance interaction, p=0.608–0.802). Dorsal hand / volar forearm configuration was significantly different (position x distance interaction, p=0.006) from the standard electrode position described. Comparison with WDV demonstrated a strong correlation (r=0.79; limits of agreement 198-460mL; bias 329mL). Reliability of BIS was determined by ICC: 0.9978–0.9999 (CI 0.9967–0.9999). Conclusions Compared to WDV, BIS is a valid and reliable measure of edema following acute hand burn injury. This study also confirmed the interchangeability of multiple BIS electrode positions. Applicability of Research to Practice BIS offers a real time measure of fluid (change) within the extracellular space, and therefore edema in patients with hand burn injury, while minimizing the risk of infection and increased pain in burns patients. The interchangeability of electrode positions provides clinicians with a number of flexible options to accommodate locations of hand burn wounds, thus allowing between patient comparisons.

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Quantitative Ratiometric pH Imaging Using a 1,2-Dioxetane Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sensor

10.26434/chemrxiv.12235361 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas S. Ryan ◽

Jeni Gerberich ◽

Uroob Haris ◽

ralph mason ◽

Alexander Lippert

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Ph Homeostasis ◽

Ph Imaging ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Significant Difference

Regulation of physiological pH is integral for proper whole-body and cellular function, and disruptions in pH homeostasis can be both a cause and effect of disease. In light of this, many methods have been developed to monitor pH in cells and animals. In this study, we report a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) probe Ratio-pHCL-1, comprised of an acrylamide 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent scaffold with an appended pH-sensitive carbofluorescein fluorophore. The probe provides an accurate measurement of pH between 6.8-8.4, making it viable tool for measuring pH in biological systems. Further, its ratiometric output is independent of confounding variables. Quantification of pH can be accomplished both using common fluorimetry and advanced optical imaging methods. Using an IVIS Spectrum, pH can be quantified through tissue with Ratio-pHCL-1, which has been shown in vitro and precisely calibrated in sacrificed mouse models. Initial studies showed that intraperitoneal injections of Ratio-pHCL-1 into sacrificed mice produce a photon flux of more than 10^10 photons per second, and showed a significant difference in ratio of emission intensities between pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0.

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Investigating the Effect of Cognitive-behavioral Stress Management on Occupational Performance among Women with Breast Cancer

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816666191220095123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Arezoo Shayan ◽

Mansoureh Refaei ◽

Farkhondeh Jamshidi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Stress Management ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management ◽

Behavioral Stress ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Treatment of breast cancer can be accompanied by long-term consequences affecting women’s participation in many tasks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) program on occupational performance of women with breast cancer. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, conducted between Feb 3 and Oct 26, 2016, 104 women with breast cancer who had referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan, and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (20-60 years old, married, suffering from grade 1-3 breast cancer with a history of recent surgery) were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups of 52 using a permuted block size of four. The intervention group took part in four 60-minute sessions of CBSM over four weeks. The study data were collected using a demographic information form and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The statistical analyst was masked to intervention allocation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean scores of occupational performance (p=0.02) and satisfaction (p=0.005) after the intervention. Each variable was measured at three time points (before the intervention, immediately and 2 weeks after intervention). A significant difference was observed in the two groups’ mean scores of performance (p=0.026) and satisfaction (p=0.01), irrespective of the time of assessment. Conclusion: The CBSM program promoted the occupational performance immediately and two weeks after the intervention in women with breast cancer. This technique can be used as a complementary method alongside medical therapies in oncology centers.

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Cytotoxicity assessment of different doses of ozonated water on dental pulp cells

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01392-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdiye Küçük ◽

Sibel Yıldırım ◽

Serap Çetiner

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Control Group ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Time Points ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Time Point ◽

Ozonated Water

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.

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Combining Microfractures, Autologous Bone Graft, and Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for the Treatment of Juvenile Osteochondral Talar Lesions

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100716687367 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 485-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Riccardo D’Ambrosi ◽

Camilla Maccario ◽

Chiara Ursino ◽

Nicola Serra ◽

Federico Giuseppe Usuelli

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Osteochondral Lesion ◽

Young Patients ◽

Case Series ◽

Autologous Bone Graft ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Autologous Bone

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients younger than 20 years, treated with the arthroscopic-talus autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AT-AMIC) technique and autologous bone graft for osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). Methods: Eleven patients under 20 years (range 13.3-20.0) underwent the AT-AMIC procedure and autologous bone graft for OLTs. Patients were evaluated preoperatively (T0) and at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 (T3) months postoperatively, using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot (AOFAS) score, the visual analog scale and the SF-12 respectively in its Mental and Physical Component Scores. Radiologic assessment included computed tomographic (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative measurement of the lesion. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed. Results: Mean lesion size measured during surgery was 1.1 cm3 ± 0.5 cm3. We found a significant difference in clinical and radiologic parameters with analysis of variance for repeated measures ( P < .001). All clinical scores significantly improved ( P < .05) from T0 to T3. Lesion area significantly reduced from 119.1 ± 29.1 mm2 preoperatively to 77.9 ± 15.8 mm2 ( P < .05) at final follow-up as assessed by CT, and from 132.2 ± 31.3 mm2 to 85.3 ± 14.5 mm2 ( P < .05) as assessed by MRI. Moreover, we noted an important correlation between intraoperative size of the lesion and body mass index (BMI) ( P = .011). Conclusions: The technique can be considered safe and effective with early good results in young patients. Moreover, we demonstrated a significant correlation between BMI and lesion size and a significant impact of OLTs on quality of life. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.

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“Going Backward”: Effects of age and fatigue on posterior-directed falls in Parkinson disease

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-210040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Evan V. Papa ◽

Rita M. Patterson ◽

Nicoleta Bugnariu

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Angular Displacement ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Peak Knee ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fatiguing Exercise

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of persons with Parkinson disease (PD) report fatigue as a factor in their fall history. However, it is unknown whether these self-reported falls are caused by a sensation of fatigue or performance fatigue. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the influences of performance fatigue and age on postural control in persons with PD. METHODS: Individuals with PD (n = 14) underwent postural control assessments before (T0) and immediately after (T1) fatiguing exercise. Biomechanical data were gathered on participants completing a treadmill-induced, posterior-directed fall. Performance fatigue was produced using lower extremity resistance exercise on an isokinetic ergometer. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used with age as a covariate to determine the effects of performance fatigue on biomechanical variables. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, there was a statistically significant difference in peak center of pressure (COP) latency during the support phase of recovery. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated a decrease in peak ankle displacement from T0 to T1. Age was also found to be significantly related to reaction time and peak knee displacement while participants were fatigued. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased peak COP latency, along with decreased ankle angular displacement, suggest that persons with PD adopt a stiffening strategy in response to backward directed falls. Postural stiffening is not uncommon in persons with PD and could be a risk factor for falls. Older individuals with PD demonstrate slower mobility scores and decreased reaction times in the setting of fatigue, suggesting a combined effect of the aging and fatigue processes.

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Comparison of superficial wound documentation using 2D forensic photography, 3D photogrammetry, Botscan© and VR with real-life examination

Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12024-021-00393-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 422-430

Author(s):

Federico Massini ◽

Lars Ebert ◽

Garyfalia Ampanozi ◽

Sabine Franckenberg ◽

Lena Benz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

3D Visualization ◽

Real Life ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Technical Documentation ◽

Forensic Photography ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractEvidence acquisition, interpretation and preservation are essential parts of forensic case work that make a standardized documentation process fundamental. The most commonly used method for the documentation and interpretation of superficial wounds is a combination of two modalities: two-dimensional (2D) photography for evidence preservation and real-life examination for wound analysis. As technologies continue to develop, 2D photography is being enhanced with three-dimensional (3D) documentation technology. In our study, we compared the real-life examination of superficial wounds using four different technical documentation and visualization methods.To test the different methods, a mannequin was equipped with several injury stickers, and then the different methods were applied. A total of 42 artificial injury stickers were documented in regard to orientation, form, color, size, wound borders, wound corners and suspected mechanism of injury for the injury mechanism. As the gold standard, superficial wounds were visually examined by two board-certified forensic pathologists directly on the mannequin. These results were compared to an examination using standard 2D forensic photography; 2D photography using the multicamera system Botscan©, which included predefined viewing positions all around the body; and 3D photogrammetric reconstruction based on images visualized both on screen and in a virtual reality (VR) using a head-mounted display (HMD).The results of the gold standard examination showed that the two forensic pathologists had an inter-reader agreement ranging from 69% for the orientation and 11% for the size of the wounds. A substantial portion of the direct visual documentation showed only a partial overlap, especially for the items of size and color, thereby prohibiting the statistical comparison of these two items. A forest plot analysis of the remaining six items showed no significant difference between the methods. We found that among the forensic pathologists, there was high variability regarding the vocabulary used for the description of wound morphology, which complicated the exact comparison of the two documentations of the same wound.There were no significant differences for any of the four methods compared to the gold standard, thereby challenging the role of real-life examination and 2D photography as the most reliable documentation approaches. Further studies with real injuries are necessary to support our evaluation that technical examination methods involving multicamera systems and 3D visualization for whole-body examination might be a valid alternative in future forensic documentation.

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