scholarly journals Comparison of superficial wound documentation using 2D forensic photography, 3D photogrammetry, Botscan© and VR with real-life examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Federico Massini ◽  
Lars Ebert ◽  
Garyfalia Ampanozi ◽  
Sabine Franckenberg ◽  
Lena Benz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Forensic Photography ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractEvidence acquisition, interpretation and preservation are essential parts of forensic case work that make a standardized documentation process fundamental. The most commonly used method for the documentation and interpretation of superficial wounds is a combination of two modalities: two-dimensional (2D) photography for evidence preservation and real-life examination for wound analysis. As technologies continue to develop, 2D photography is being enhanced with three-dimensional (3D) documentation technology. In our study, we compared the real-life examination of superficial wounds using four different technical documentation and visualization methods.To test the different methods, a mannequin was equipped with several injury stickers, and then the different methods were applied. A total of 42 artificial injury stickers were documented in regard to orientation, form, color, size, wound borders, wound corners and suspected mechanism of injury for the injury mechanism. As the gold standard, superficial wounds were visually examined by two board-certified forensic pathologists directly on the mannequin. These results were compared to an examination using standard 2D forensic photography; 2D photography using the multicamera system Botscan©, which included predefined viewing positions all around the body; and 3D photogrammetric reconstruction based on images visualized both on screen and in a virtual reality (VR) using a head-mounted display (HMD).The results of the gold standard examination showed that the two forensic pathologists had an inter-reader agreement ranging from 69% for the orientation and 11% for the size of the wounds. A substantial portion of the direct visual documentation showed only a partial overlap, especially for the items of size and color, thereby prohibiting the statistical comparison of these two items. A forest plot analysis of the remaining six items showed no significant difference between the methods. We found that among the forensic pathologists, there was high variability regarding the vocabulary used for the description of wound morphology, which complicated the exact comparison of the two documentations of the same wound.There were no significant differences for any of the four methods compared to the gold standard, thereby challenging the role of real-life examination and 2D photography as the most reliable documentation approaches. Further studies with real injuries are necessary to support our evaluation that technical examination methods involving multicamera systems and 3D visualization for whole-body examination might be a valid alternative in future forensic documentation.

Weak psoas and spine extensors potentially predispose to hip fracture

2020 ◽  
pp. 112070002090433
Author(s):  
Keong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Jun Hee Lee ◽  
Eic Ju Lim
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: We performed a computed tomography analysis of muscle composition characteristics in hip fracture patients and non-hip fracture controls. Methods: In total, 43 patients (9 men, 34 women) were included in the hip fracture group, matched 1 to 1 with non-hip fracture controls. Muscle cross-sectional areas were measured in axial CT scan at the body level of the 4th lumbar vertebra (L4), intervertebral disc level between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the 1st sacral vertebra (L5-S1) and just below level of the lesser trochanter (LT). Attenuation was also evaluated through the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) in these areas. Results: The cross-sectional area per weight (CSA/Wt, mm2/kg) of psoas muscle and extensor muscles of the spine showed a significant difference between the 2 groups at both L4 (9.7 vs. 12.4, p  < 0.001 and 26.3 vs. 29.2, p  = 0.025) and L5-S1 (9.6 vs. 11.5, p  = 0.001 and 8.8 vs. 10.3, p  = 0.041) levels. In addition, the HU of these muscles differed significantly between the 2 groups at both L4 (33.3 vs. 47.6, p  < 0.001 and 13.7 vs. 30.2, p  < 0.001) and L5-S1 (39.7 vs. 52.6, p  < 0.001 and 3.8 vs. 15.1, p  = 0.012) levels. There was no difference in abdominal wall, gluteal, or thigh compartment musculature between the groups. Conclusions: Poorer quantity and quality of psoas muscle and extensor muscles of the spine rather than whole body muscles may contribute to falls and were characteristic features of the hip fracture patients in this series. These findings should be considered when recommending a preventive exercise and rehabilitation protocol.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of 12 Weeks Football Training on the Posture of Young Male Basketball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defne Öcal Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Football Training ◽  
Dominant Side

Posture is the most healthy and correct placement of each region in the body when compared to the whole body. The predominantly use of one side of the body disrupts the posture. A bad posture changes the center of gravity of the body and causes chronic skeletal and muscle soreness. It is aimed to determine whether there is a rehabilitative effect of football training that does not require the use of dominant arms on posture asymmetries which may occur in the basketball which requires the use of dominant arm and leg in the study.15 male basketball players who played basketball for an average of 8 years with a mean age of 21.7 ± 1.5 years participated as volunteers. Postures of the subjects were measured with PostureScreen Mobile® before and after 12 week football trainings with lateral and anteriorly taken photographs. SPSS 22 was used program for statistical analysis. While analyzing of data Wilcoxon Test method was used and it is determined as significance level was p<0.05.After 12 weeks of football training, statistically significant differences were found in measurements taken from the anterior and lateral positions on the head, shoulder, ribcage, hip, and knee measured tilts and shifts. Estimated average head weight decreased depending on the posture of the cervical vertebrae and a significant difference was detected. Postures of subjects came close to the correct posture.Basketball is an acycle sport branch that requires the use of muscles on the dominant side. It creates an asymmetric position on the athlete due to this feature; causes shifting and tilts. In order to eliminate postural disorders that occur, the effectiveness of football training that does not require to use of the dominant side of the body has been demonstrated.

Ventilatory effectiveness of high-frequency oscillation applied to the body surface

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2410-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fuyuki ◽  
S. Suzuki ◽  
M. Sakurai ◽  
H. Sasaki ◽  
J. P. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Significant Difference

To determine the ventilatory effectiveness of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) at different sites on the body surface, we applied HFO separately to the abdomen, the rib cage, or the whole body in eight anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. Test frequencies were 5, 7, 9, and 11 Hz with tidal volume kept constant at 2.5 ml/kg. During HFO application to the abdomen, we observed significantly higher arterial O2 partial pressure (P less than 0.05) at 5, 7, and 9 Hz and lower arterial CO2 partial pressure (P less than 0.05) at 7, 9, and 11 Hz than with rib cage or whole-body HFO. There was no significant difference in blood gases between rib cage and whole-body HFO. Thus, using blood gases as an index of ventilatory effectiveness, the present study showed that HFO applied at the abdomen was the most effective of the three kinds of body surface HFO. In comparison to rib cage or whole-body application, abdominal HFO was accompanied by substantial paradoxical movement of the diaphragm and rib cage. The associated lung distortion may result in pendelluft, which in turn may be the mechanism for increased ventilatory effectiveness with abdominal application of HFO.

scholarly journals Whole body vibration exercise combined with an extract of Coriandrum sativum modify some biochemical/physiological parameters in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric H.F.F. Frederico ◽  
André L.B.D. Cardoso ◽  
Carlos A.S. Guimarães ◽  
Lívia P. Almeida ◽  
Rosane F. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the association of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise with an aqueous extract of coriander on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate, on the concentration of some plasma biomarker, on the feed intake, on the body mass, and on the stool consistency in rats. Rats were divided in four groups and submitted to different treatments for 40 days. The control group (CON) received deionized water. The group treated with coriander (COR) received the extract of coriander. The rats that were exposed to WBV exercises (WBV-E) also received deionized water. A group of animals received coriander and was exposed to WBV (COR + WBV-E). We found in testis a decrease (0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.06 ± 0.03) of the percentages of injected radioactivity per gram (%ATI/g) in the WBV-E in comparison with the COR. There is no significant alteration on the concentrations of the plasma biomarkers. The feed intake showed a statistically significant increase in WBV-E. No significant difference on the body mass was found. The stool analysis showed a statistical difference on the consistency between COR (hard and dry, darker) and all the other groups (normal). In conclusion, it was verified that possible modifications in some biochemical/physiological parameters of the rats submitted to WBV exercise would be capable to increase the feed intake without changing the body mass, and normalizing the stool consistency altered by the coriander supplementation. Further studies are needed to try to understand better the biological effects involving the association of WBV exercise and coriander.

3D Video Communication System by Using Kinect and Head Mounted Displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1540003
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Hashimoto ◽  
Yuki Fujibayashi ◽  
Hiroki Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Video Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Head Mounted Display

Existing video communication systems, used in private business or video teleconference, show a part of the body of users on display only. This situation does not have realistic sensation because of showing a part of body on display and showing other users by 2D. This makes users feel communicating with the other users at a long distance without realistic sensation. Furthermore, although these existing communication systems have file transfer function such as sending and receiving file data, it does not use intuitive manipulation. It uses mouse or touching display only. In order to solve these problems, we propose 3D communication system supported by Kinect and head mounted display (HMD) to provide users communications with realistic sensation and intuitive manipulation. This system is able to show whole body of users on HMD as if they were in the same room by 3D reconstruction. It also enables users to transfer and share information by intuitive manipulation to augmented reality (AR) objects toward the other users in the future. The result of this paper is a system that extracts human body by using Kinect, reconstructs extracted human body on HMD, and also recognizes users' hands to be able to manipulate AR objects by a hand.

scholarly journals Effect of core muscle exercises on subcutaneous fat percentage of Badminton players

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottigundala Shyam mohan Reddy ◽  
Rathikota Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Badminton involves jumping to reach a shuttle at the highest possible point when descending for a better stroke as in a smash and drop shot. Hence the body weight has to be lifted repeatedly against gravity, where the extra mass in the form of fat would be disadvantage. Moreover the fat tends to be localized in the trunk and lower body segments. Core stability is defined in athletic setting as the optimum production, which can transfer and control the force from the centre of the body to the limbs, through stabilization of the position and motion of torso. Core stability exercises are an essential fitness component of badminton players during smashing the shuttlecock through the game.The present study was conducted to assess the impact of core muscle exercises on subcutaneous fat percentage of badminton players. To achieve this purpose Twenty five badminton players were included in the study, whose age ranged from 17-21 years. During training ten core muscle exercises were performed with one minute each exercise and twenty seconds break in between the exercise. This is performed for three sets. This training is continued for 6 days in a week with one session per day for four weeks. The subcutaneous fat percentage at Arms, Trunk, Legs and Whole body was measured using the Omron HBF 375 Karada Scan before and after the training. The obtained pre and post test data were statistically analyzed using the ‘t’ test. Results shows that there is significant difference in the subcutaneous fat percentage at Arms, Trunk, Legs and Whole body of the badminton players.

Preliminary Results Using a Magnet-Embedded Compression Garment after Liposuction Surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Dedo ◽  
Theresa A. Biemer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Compression Garment ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Magnetic Strength ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Introduction: Magnetic fields have been touted as a cure and method of treatment for a variety of illnesses and medical conditions, and revenues from the sales of health-related magnetic products reportedly add up to billions of dollars. Magnets and the magnetic fields they create are marketed as having no associated risks; however, the medical community questions their benefits, and the Food and Drug Administration has not approved static magnetic fields for the treatment of any medical ailment. Methods and Materials: This study evaluated the postoperative effects of a magnetic garment on patients undergoing liposuction. For each standard postoperative compression garment, one half was fitted with elasticized magnetic neoprene material and the other half with nonmagnetized neoprene. The manufacturer sent the garments to the authors without identifying which sides had the active magnetic strips. Results: Preliminary results of this study showed no statistical difference in bruising, swelling, or postoperative results between the magnetized and the nonmagnetized treated areas. Although theories abound concerning the effects of magnetic field on optimizing the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the magnetic field area, this clinical study did not support any significant difference in the rate of wound healing. However, this study did show that pain and tenderness were markedly reduced on the side covered with the magnetic field. Eight of the 9 patients noted a decrease in pain and discomfort postoperatively on the left side, which was the half of the garment with the magnetized neoprene strips. The greatest reduction in pain was observed in the first 24 hours of treatment with the magnets, and the improvement increased with the passage of time. This study also found a reduction in the amount of analgesics needed by the patients using magnets during the treatment period. Discussion: Magnetic volume is important in delivering a therapeutic effect. Having more volume means that more tissues are experiencing the magnetic field. The neoprene magnetic strength is low in gauss units but high in Maxwell units because of the configuration of the north-south pole orientation described. Conversely, a unipolar magnet with a high magnetic strength delivers a low magnetic volume and is not considered important for therapeutic use. To date, researchers are uncertain whether low-level magnetic fields are hazardous to biological tissues. There has been some concern about safety issues for long-term whole-body exposure, but this may not be applicable to brief exposure to small areas of the body associated with static magnets. The theoretical basis for the physiologic response from static magnets has not been clearly identified. A search and review of the medical literature resulted in a limited number of studies. Few studies have evaluated magnets for relief of chronic pain for disease states and musculoskeletal pain, and even fewer have addressed mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Lack of Association between Urinary Iodine Excretion and Successful Thyroid Ablation in Thyroid Cancer Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan P. Tala Jury ◽  
Maria Grazia Castagna ◽  
Carla Fioravanti ◽  
Claudia Cipri ◽  
Ernesto Brianzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Thyroid Ablation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Abstract Background: Low-iodine diet is prescribed before 131I administration in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, although no study has properly quantified its clinical benefit. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and 131I ablation by correlating UIE with the rate of successful ablation. Patients: We retrospectively studied 201 differentiated thyroid cancer patients who had received 131I therapy and posttherapy whole-body scan (WBS) for remnant ablation after either thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW group, n = 125) or recombinant human TSH (rhTSH group, n = 76). The outcome of thyroid ablation was assessed using two different criteria: no visible uptake at control WBS 8–12 months after ablation or no visible uptake plus undetectable stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg). Results: According to the criterion of no visible uptake, 84.6% of the patients were successfully ablated, with no significant difference between THW and rhTSH groups. Mean UIE at the time of ablation was 132 ± 160 μg/liter, not significantly different between patients of the THW and rhTSH groups. There was no significant difference in UIE between ablated or nonablated patients both in the whole group and the rhTSH or THW groups. According to the criterion of no visible uptake plus undetectable stimulated serum Tg (in anti-Tg negative patients) at control WBS 8–12 months after ablation, UIE was not significantly different in ablated and nonablated patients. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the body iodine content is not an important determinant of thyroid ablation, when preparing the patients with either THW or rhTSH.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Effects of Waterborne Zinc on Ctenopharyngodon idellus

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Wanjun Li ◽  
Yiguo Xia ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yulian Yan ◽  
Xiaojun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Specific Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Sulfate Heptahydrate ◽  
Significant Difference

The juvenile Ctenopharyngodon idellus (19.68±0.17 g) were exposed to the solutions of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O), to observe the toxic effects of waterborne Zn on this fish. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) over 96 h of waterborne Zn2+ was 5.00 mg/L. After 8 weeks of chronic exposure, the final weight and the specific weight growth rate of C. idellus decreased with the increasing Zn2+ concentration, and the differences were significant among the three groups (P < 0.05). The content of ash in the high exposure group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The dry mass in the two exposure groups and the energy density in the low concentration group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The contents of Zn in the hepatopancreas, gill, intestine, muscle, and whole body in the high concentration group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The contents of Zn in hepatopancreas were significantly higher than those in other organs (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference for the contents of Zn in the intestine and gill in the two Zn exposure groups, but those were significantly higher than those in other organs except hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). The content of Zn in muscle was significantly lower than that in the other organs. It suggests that the pattern of energy allocation of the C. idellus is changed by the Zn exposure. Fat was preferentially used to provide extra energy for the detoxification under the Zn exposure, and the rates of the protein and energy deposited in the body were reduced. Therefore, the growth of the fish was depressed. The C. idellus mainly takes up Zn through the gill and distributes Zn to other tissues via blood circulation.

scholarly journals VR/AR head-mounted display system based measurement and evaluation of dynamic visual acuity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Ho Kim ◽  
Ho-Jun Son ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Soon-Chul Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Subjective Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Actual Environment

This study evaluated the dynamic visual acuity of candidates by implementing a King–Devick (K-D) test chart in a virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD) and an augmented reality head-mounted display (AR HMD). Hard-copy KD (HCKD), VR HMD KD (VHKD), and AR HMD KD (AHKD) tests were conducted in 30 male and female candidates in the age of 10S and 20S and subjective symptom surveys were conducted. In the subjective symptom surveys, all except one of the VHKD questionnaire items showed subjective symptoms of less than 1 point. In the comparison between HCKD and VHKD, HCKD was measured more rapidly than VHKD in all tests. In the comparison between HCKD and AHKD, HCKD was measured more rapidly than AHKD in Tests 1, 2, and 3. In the comparison between VHKD and AHKD, AHKD was measured more rapidly than VHKD in Tests 1, 2, and 3. In the correlation analyses of test platforms, all platforms were correlated with each other, except for the correlation between HCKD and VHKD in Tests 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in the frequency of errors among Tests 1, 2, and 3 across test platforms. VHKD and AHKD, which require the body to be moved to read the chart, required longer measurement time than HCKD. In the measurements of each platform, AHKD was measured closer to HCKD than VHKD, which may be because the AHKD environment is closer to the actual environment than the VHKD environment. The effectiveness of VHKD and AHKD proposed in this research was evaluated experimentally. The results suggest that treatment and training could be performed concurrently through the use of clinical test and content development of VHKD and AHKD.

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