scholarly journals Anti-Apoptotic Machinery Protects the Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis cinerea from Host-Induced Apoptotic-Like Cell Death during Plant Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e1002185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neta Shlezinger ◽  
Anna Minz ◽  
Yonatan Gur ◽  
Ido Hatam ◽  
Yasin F. Dagdas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Infection

scholarly journals The Botrytis cinerea Crh1 transglycosylase is a cytoplasmic effector triggering plant cell death and defense response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bi ◽  
Loredana Scalschi ◽  
Namrata Jaiswal ◽  
Tesfaye Mengiste ◽  
Renana Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Transglycosylation Activity ◽  
Plant Infection

AbstractCrh proteins catalyze crosslinking of chitin and glucan polymers in fungal cell walls. Here, we show that the BcCrh1 protein from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea acts as a cytoplasmic effector and elicitor of plant defense. BcCrh1 is localized in vacuoles and the endoplasmic reticulum during saprophytic growth. However, upon plant infection, the protein accumulates in infection cushions; it is then secreted to the apoplast and translocated into plant cells, where it induces cell death and defense responses. Two regions of 53 and 35 amino acids are sufficient for protein uptake and cell death induction, respectively. BcCrh1 mutant variants that are unable to dimerize lack transglycosylation activity, but are still able to induce plant cell death. Furthermore, Arabidopsis lines expressing the bccrh1 gene exhibit reduced sensitivity to B. cinerea, suggesting a potential use of the BcCrh1 protein in plant immunization against this necrotrophic pathogen.

scholarly journals The Botrytis cinerea Crh transglycosylae is a cytoplasmic effector triggering plant cell death and defense response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bi ◽  
Loredana Scalschi ◽  
Gupta Namrata Jaiswal ◽  
Renana Frid ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Transglycosylation Activity ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Monomeric Proteins ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Infection Cushions

AbstractCrh proteins catalyze crosslinking of chitin and glucan polymers in the fugal cell wall. We revealed a novel and unexpected role of Botrytis cinerea BcCrh1 as a cytoplasmic effector and elicitor of plant defense. During saprophytic growth the BcCrh1 protein is localized in vacuoles and ER. Upon plant infection the protein accumulates to high levels in infection cushions, it is then secreted to the apoplast and translocated into plant cells, where it induces cell death and defense responses. Two regions of 53 and 35 amino acids were found sufficient for protein uptake and cell death induction, respectively. Dimerization of BcCrh proteins was necessary for the transglycosylation activity and proper fungal development, while the monomeric proteins was sufficient for induction of cell death. Arabidopsis lines expressing the bccrh1 gene had reduced sensitivity to B. cinerea, demonstrating the potential use of the protein in plant immunization against necrotrophic pathogens.

scholarly journals A Botrytis cinerea KLP-7 Kinesin acts as a Virulence Determinant during Plant Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamil Tayal ◽  
Sumit Raj ◽  
Esha Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Vikram Dayaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Virulence Determinant ◽  
Plant Infection

scholarly journals The Xylanase Inhibitor TAXI-I Increases Plant Resistance to Botrytis cinerea by Inhibiting the BcXyn11a Xylanase Necrotizing Activity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Silvio Tundo ◽  
Maria Chiara Paccanaro ◽  
Ibrahim Elmaghraby ◽  
Ilaria Moscetti ◽  
Renato D’Ovidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Xylanase Inhibitor ◽  
Main Component

During host plant infection, pathogens produce a wide array of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to break the plant cell wall. Among CWDEs, xylanases are key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, the main component of hemicellulose. Targeted deletion experiments support the direct involvement of the xylanase BcXyn11a in the pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea. Since the Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-I (TAXI-I) has been shown to inhibit BcXyn11a, we verified if TAXI-I could be exploited to counteract B. cinerea infections. With this aim, we first produced Nicotiana tabacum plants transiently expressing TAXI-I, observing increased resistance to B. cinerea. Subsequently, we transformed Arabidopsis thaliana to express TAXI-I constitutively, and we obtained three transgenic lines exhibiting a variable amount of TAXI-I. The line with the higher level of TAXI-I showed increased resistance to B. cinerea and the absence of necrotic lesions when infiltrated with BcXyn11a. Finally, in a droplet application experiment on wild-type Arabidopsis leaves, TAXI-I prevented the necrotizing activity of BcXyn11a. These results would confirm that the contribution of BcXyn11a to virulence is due to its necrotizing rather than enzymatic activity. In conclusion, our experiments highlight the ability of the TAXI-I xylanase inhibitor to counteract B. cinerea infection presumably by preventing the necrotizing activity of BcXyn11a.

A tomato metacaspase gene is upregulated during programmed cell death in Botrytis cinerea-infected leaves

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Hoeberichts ◽  
Arjen ten Have ◽  
Ernst J. Woltering
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea

Macromolecular Toxins Secreted by Botrytis cinerea Induce Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Huo ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
Q. Kong ◽  
G. B. Zhang ◽  
Y. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea

scholarly journals The BMP1 Gene Is Essential for Pathogenicity in the Gray Mold Fungus Botrytis cinerea

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zheng ◽  
Mathew Campbell ◽  
Jennifer Murphy ◽  
Stephen Lam ◽  
Jin-Rong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Mold Fungus

In Magnaporthe grisea, a well-conserved mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene, PMK1, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. In this study, we tested whether the same MAP kinase is essential for plant infection in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic pathogen that employs infection mechanisms different from those of M. grisea. We used a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to isolate MAP kinase homologues from B. cinerea. The Botrytis MAP kinase required for pathogenesis (BMP) MAP kinase gene is highly homologous to the M. grisea PMK1. BMP1 is a single-copy gene. bmp1 gene replacement mutants produced normal conidia and mycelia but were reduced in growth rate on nutrient-rich medium. bmp1 mutants were nonpathogenic on carnation flowers and tomato leaves. Re-introduction of the wild-type BMP1 allele into the bmp1 mutant restored both normal growth rate and pathogenicity. Further studies indicated that conidia from bmp1 mutants germinated on plant surfaces but failed to penetrate and macerate plant tissues. bmp1 mutants also appeared to be defective in infecting through wounds. These results indicated that BMP1 is essential for plant infection in B. cinerea, and this MAP kinase pathway may be widely conserved in pathogenic fungi for regulating infection processes.

scholarly journals Phototropism of Conidial Germ Tubes of Botrytis cinerea and Its Implication in Plant Infection Processes

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Z. Islam ◽  
Y. Honda ◽  
M. Sonhaji
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Negative Phototropism ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Germ Tubes

The germ tubes of Botrytis cinerea showed negative phototropism to near ultraviolet (NUV) and blue (300 to 520 nm) light followed by far-red (700 to 810 nm), whereas red light (600 to 700 nm) induced positive phototropism significantly. Minimum germ tube growth occurred during exposure to negative phototropism-inducing wavelengths, whereas it was maximum under positive phototropism-inducing wavelengths. NUV radiation and blue light that induced negative phototropism of B. cinerea promoted infection-hypha formation on both onion scale and broad bean (Vicia faba) leaf epidermal strips, whereas positive phototropism-inducing red light suppressed it, resulting in a high proportion of germ tubes without infection hyphae. In broad bean leaf infection, the number of infection points and area of necrosis per drop of conidial suspension were higher under NUV radiation and blue light than that of a dark control or leaflets pretreated with NUV radiation and blue light. In contrast, lower numbers of infection points and very small necrotic lesions developed under red light. In the case of red-light-pretreated leaflets, the number of infection points developed were higher, but areas of necrosis did not increase significantly compared with leaflets kept under red light without pretreatment. These results show the importance of phototropism of conidium germ tubes in plant infection.

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