Migraine With Aura and Migraine Without Aura Are Not Distinct Entities: Further Evidence From a Large Dutch Population Study

AbstractIt is often debated whether migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) are etiologically distinct disorders. A previous study using latent class analysis (LCA) in Australian twins showed no evidence for separate subtypes of MO and MA. The aim of the present study was to replicate these results in a population of Dutch twins and their parents, siblings and partners (N = 10,144). Latent class analysis of International Headache Society (IHS)-based migraine symptoms resulted in the identification of 4 classes: a class of unaffected subjects (class 0), a mild form of nonmigrainous headache (class 1), a moderately severe type of migraine (class 2), typically without neurological symptoms or aura (8% reporting aura symptoms), and a severe type of migraine (class 3), typically with neurological symptoms, and aura symptoms in approximately half of the cases. Given the overlap of neurological symptoms and nonmutual exclusivity of aura symptoms, these results do not support the MO and MA subtypes as being etiologically distinct. The heritability in female twins of migraine based on LCA classification was estimated at .50 (95% confidence intervals [CI] .27 – .59), similar to IHS-based migraine diagnosis (h2 = .49, 95% CI .19–.57). However, using a dichotomous classification (affected–unaffected) decreased heritability for the IHS-based classification (h2 = .33, 95% CI .00–.60), but not the LCA-based classification (h2 = .51, 95% CI .23–.61). Importantly, use of the LCA-based classification increased the number of subjects classified as affected. The heritability of the screening question was similar to more detailed LCA and IHS classifications, suggesting that the screening procedure is an important determining factor in genetic studies of migraine.

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Latent Class Analysis of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Justice-Involved Juveniles: Association With Motivational and Emotional Aspects of Self-Harm Behavior

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854821998411 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009385482199841

Author(s):

Melinda Reinhardt ◽

Zsolt Horváth ◽

Boglárka Drubina ◽

Gyöngyi Kökönyei ◽

Kenneth G. Rice

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Juvenile Detention ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Detention Centers ◽

Self Injury ◽

Class 1 ◽

Emotional Aspects ◽

Self Harm ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Significantly higher rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been discovered among justice-involved juveniles. Our study aimed to discriminate homogeneous subgroups of justice-involved youth with different self-harm behavior characteristics based on latent class analysis. A total of 244 adolescents (92.6% boys; Mage = 16.99, SD = 1.28) in Hungarian juvenile detention centers completed measures of NSSI and dissociation. High-NSSI (Class 1; 9%), moderate-NSSI (Class 2; 42.6%), and low-NSSI (Class 3; 48.4%) profiles were detected relating to different forms of NSSI. Multiple comparisons showed that girls were members of Class 1 and 2 at higher rates and these subgroups showed significantly higher dissociation proportions than Class 3. Our findings pointed out diversity in self-harm profiles with different characteristics in terms of methods and severity of self-harm, experienced emotions, and other emotion regulation tendencies among justice-involved adolescents. These results suggest sophisticated treatment approaches to match variations in severity and presentation.

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Intersectional Discrimination Attributions and Health Outcomes Among American Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/00914150211066560 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009141502110665

Author(s):

Peiyi Lu ◽

Dexia Kong ◽

Mack Shelley ◽

Joan K. Davitt

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Physical Appearance ◽

Later Life ◽

National Origin ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Discrimination Group ◽

Class 1 ◽

High Discrimination

Guided by an intersectionality framework, this study examined intersectional discrimination attributions and their associations with health outcomes. Older respondents (aged ≥50) from the Health and Retirement Study in 2014-2015 were included ( N = 6286). Their reasons for discrimination (age, gender, sexual orientation, race, national origin, religion, financial status, weight, physical appearance, disability, and others) were examined. Latent class analysis examined the subgroup profiles. Six classes were identified: class 1 (54.52% of the sample) had no/minimal discrimination; Class 2 (21.89%) experienced primarily ageism; class 3 (8.81%) reported discrimination based on age/gender/national origin/race; class 4 (7.99%) attributed discrimination to financial/other reasons; class 5 (5.87%) experienced discrimination based on age/weight/physical appearance/disability; and class 6 (0.92%) perceived high discrimination. Intersectional discrimination was associated with poorer self-rated health and higher depressive symptoms compared to the no/minimal discrimination group. Multiple marginalized identities co-occur and contribute to discrimination. An intersectional approach is recommended to understand discrimination in later life.

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Work values: a latent class analysis of Korean employees

Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning ◽

10.1108/heswbl-10-2021-0188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jinju Lee ◽

Yunsoo Lee ◽

Soo Jung Kim ◽

Ji Hoon Song

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Human Resource ◽

Work Values ◽

Latent Class ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

National Level ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

Class 1

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify latent classes of work values that influence the career choices of Korean workers through a person-centred approach. Because work values may be diverse in individuals, investigating the various combinations of those values will help understand individual's decisions to take, maintain and leave a job.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a total of 15,103 datasets collected at the national level in South Korea. Data were analyzed by using latent class analysis (LCA); a three-step approach was employed to address classification.FindingsAs the results of this study, Class 3, “seeking balanced work values rather than income,” presented the highest level of job satisfaction, whereas Class 1, “seeking job security and income,” exhibited the lowest.Originality/valueEmploying an assessment tool to identify the distinct combinations of work values that individuals possess and then providing them with appropriate training and development programs and customized Human Resource (HR) policies aligned with the classes will be essential tasks for HRD (Human Resource Development)/HRM (Human Resource Management) practitioners.

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Academic performance and subtypes of psychological traits in undergraduate nursing students: A latent class analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39742/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Li ◽

Wanqiong Zhou ◽

Jing Wu

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽

Psychological Traits ◽

Undergraduate Nursing ◽

Class 1

Abstract Background: Undergraduate nursing students often encounter emotional problems due to academic stress. However, researchers have primarily focused on the impact of stressors, rather than understanding the subtypes of psychological state among students.Objectives: To identify subgroups of psychological traits among undergraduate nursing students using latent class analysis (LCA), and to examine the relationship between subgroups and exam failure risk.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from May to July 2019. The Ruminative Responses Scale, Learning Burnout Questionnaire and Psychological Capital Scale were used to evaluate students’ psychological traits. Subjects were categorized into subgroups by latent class analysis. Cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal regression analyses were subsequently performed.Settings and Participants: A total of 379 undergraduate nursing students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results: A total of four latent classes were identified based on the mean scores of rumination, learning burnout and psychological capital: Class 1 – General group (N=181, 47.76%); Class 2 – Negative psychologically dominated group (N=54, 14.25%); Class 3 – Positive psychologically dominated group (N=65, 17.15%); and Class 4 – Ambivalence psychological group (N=79, 20.84%). Students belonging into Class 1 and 2 displayed a higher rate of exam failure compared with those in Class 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that Class 1 (OR=2.108, 95%CI 1.240-4.118, p=0.006) and Class 2 (OR=2.694, 95%CI 1.229-6.293, p=0.016) independently predicted exam failure among undergraduate nursing students after adjusting for age, gender, grade and other academic related factors.Conclusions: Our findings provide practical implications for effective interventions that target each specific subgroup. Undergraduate nursing students with “Negative psychologically dominated group” were at a higher risk of exam failure. Urgent attention should be paid to address issues associated with psychological coping in students and their effect on learning outcomes.

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Thinking About the End of Life When It Is Near: A Comparison of German and Portuguese Centenarians

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/0164027518807919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 265-285

Author(s):

Kathrin Boerner ◽

Daniela S. Jopp ◽

Kyungmin Kim ◽

Abigail Butt ◽

Óscar Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

End Of Life ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Latent Class ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Class 1 ◽

Afterlife Beliefs

This study examined how common thinking of and planning for the end of life (EOL) is among German and Portuguese centenarians, and whether patterns of EOL views are shaped by cultural and individual characteristics. A significant portion of centenarians in both countries reported not thinking about the EOL, not believing in the afterlife, and not having made EOL arrangements. Latent class analysis identified three EOL patterns: Class 1 ( EOL thoughts with EOL arrangements and afterlife beliefs), Class 2 ( EOL arrangements and afterlife beliefs without EOL thoughts), and Class 3 ( Overall low endorsement of EOL items). The proportion of Portuguese centenarians was higher in Class 1 and of German centenarians higher in Classes 2 and 3. Centenarians’ demographic, social, and health characteristics were significantly different across EOL patterns. As lack of EOL planning can result in poor EOL quality, enhancing communication among centenarians, family, and health-care professionals seems imperative.

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Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/2043808719830821 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 204380871983082 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emily C. Gagen ◽

Aieyat B. Zalzala ◽

Jesse Hochheiser ◽

Ashley Schnakenberg Martin ◽

Paul H. Lysaker

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Class 1 ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Meaningful Connections ◽

Relationship Of

Functional deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but much debate still exists over why and how they originate. One model suggests that disturbances in social functioning are a result of metacognitive deficits or a failure to integrate information to form more complex ideas of themselves and others. It is unclear if this social dysfunction is present across different symptom presentations. We examined the relationship of metacognition, symptoms, and social functioning among a sample of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( N = 334). A latent class analysis produced a four-class model. Groups were classified as follows: diffuse symptoms/moderately impaired social functioning (Class 1), positive and hostility symptoms/mildly impaired social functioning (Class 2), minimal symptoms/good social functioning (Class 3), and negative and cognitive symptoms/severely impaired social functioning (Class 4). Class 3 demonstrated better overall metacognitive capacity than both Classes 1 and 4 but did not differ significantly from Class 2. Classes 2 and 3 both demonstrated better interpersonal functioning than Classes 1 and 4. Together, these findings provide support for models of poor functioning that stem from fragmentation of an individual’s experience, leading to diminished abilities to form meaningful connections with others. Additional interpretations, limitations, and research implications are discussed.

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Bullying Victimization Profiles of School-Aged Adolescents and Associations With Weight Statuses: A Latent Class Analysis

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520905087 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052090508

Author(s):

Jungup Lee ◽

Jun Sung Hong ◽

Kevin Tan ◽

Maria Pineros-Leano ◽

Seung Ae Baek

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Grade Level ◽

Latent Class ◽

Eighth Graders ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Overweight Status ◽

Tenth Graders ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Class 1

Bullying and childhood obesity are public health concerns in the United States. While obesity has been found to be associated with bullying victimization, it is less clear how it is differentially associated with biological sex and grade level across varying patterns of bullying victimization. Based on the subset of U.S. students in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study, patterns of co-occurring bullying victimization and sex and grade level differences in the association between the patterns of bullying victimization and weight status were examined among 9,124 students in Grades 5 to 10. The latent class analysis revealed three patterns of bullying victimization: verbal-relational victimization (Class 1), all-type victimization (Class 2), and noninvolved pattern (Class 3). The results found that females had a higher likelihood of being in Class 1 than males. Moreover, fifth to sixth and seventh to eighth-graders were more likely than ninth to tenth graders to be in both Class 1 and Class 2. Obese males and overweight females were more likely to be in Class 1 and Class 2 than in Class 3. In addition, obesity and overweight status were positively associated with bullying victimization among fifth to sixth and seven to eighth-graders. However, no significant association was found between obesity and overweight status and bullying victimization among ninth to tenth graders. Findings from the study suggest that school-based strategies, especially sex- and age-specific programs, need to take into consideration the bullying involvement of students who are overweight or obese.

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Smoking Patterns Among Third Level Students: A latent class analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-192101/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tochukwu Igboanugo ◽

Anusha Malapati Ramesh

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Early Onset ◽

Online Survey ◽

Latent Class ◽

Late Onset ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Class 1 ◽

Social Smokers

Abstract Introduction: The psychosocial framework of adolescent transformation period is characterised by risk-taking behaviours such as the use of psychoactive substances like tobacco. Smoking initiated at this stage may lead to a lifetime nicotine-addiction. This study aims to identify and describe a typology of smoking among third level student smokers according to their pattern of smoking and to inform the designing of effective interventions in tobacco use among studentsMethods: Latent class analysis was used to characterise different smoking pattern among 361 third level students in an Irish university. The participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study by inviting them to complete an online survey.Results: Three groups were identified: (1) Late-onset, Social smokers (n=88, 41.3%). (2) late-onset, light smokers (n = 74, 34.4%). (3) Early-onset, Nicotine addicts (n = 52, 24.3%). The predominantly female Late-onset, Social smokers has a low probability of regular use of tobacco, a low number of lifetime cigarettes smoked and a high probability (83.0%) of initiating smoking in their adulthood. Nearly 100% of them had neither of the parents as smokers. The predominantly male late-onset, light smokers exhibits similar characteristics with the female-dominated class 1 but has consumed more of cigarettes in the lifetime relative to class 1. 33.8% of class 2 smokers had both parents as smokers; 42.0% had mothers and 33.8% reported their father was a smoker. 64.6% of this class reported their parents to smoke in the home and 54.3% initiated smoking in adulthood. Class 3 (Early-onset, Nicotine addicts) dominated by males has a higher probability of regular tobacco use and has smoked the largest number of cigarette in their lifetime compared to classes 1 and 2. The majority (60.0%) of those in this group had initiated smoking as a teenager. 14.9% had both parents as smokers; 10.6% had mothers who smoke and 20.6% reported their father was a smoker. 23.7% of this class reported their parents to smoke in the home.Conclusion: This study reveals the cigarette smoking behaviours among students and can further inform interventions and strategies to achieving a tobacco-free Ireland.

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Identification of three classes of acute respiratory distress syndrome using latent class analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4592 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhongheng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Fluid Balance ◽

Latent Class ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Class 1

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that can exhibit significant differences in the underlying causes, leading to different responses to treatment. It is required to identify subtypes of ARDS to guideline clinical treatment and trial design. The study aimed to identify subtypes of ARDS using latent class analysis (LCA). The study was a secondary analysis of the EDEN study, which was a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial conducted from January 2, 2008 to April 12, 2011. The primary study endpoint was death through 90-day follow up. LCA was performed incorporating variables on day 0 before randomization. The number of classes was chosen by a bootstrapped likelihood ratio test, Bayesian information criterion and the number of patients in each class. A total of 943 patients were enrolled in the study, including 219 (23.2%) non-survivors and 724 (76.8%) survivors. The LCA identified three classes of ARDS. Class 1 (hemodynamically unstable type) had significantly higher mortality rate (p = 0.003) than class 2 (intermediate type) and 3 (stable type) through 90 days follow up. There was significant interaction between cumulative fluid balance and the class (p = 0.02). While more fluid balance was beneficial for class 1, it was harmful for class 2 and 3. In conclusion, the study identified three classes of ARDS, which showed different clinical presentations, responses to fluid therapy and prognosis. The classification system used simple clinical variables and could help to design ARDS trials in the future.

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Latent class analysis of 216 patients with adult-onset Still’s disease

Arthritis Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13075-021-02708-3 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takahiro Sugiyama ◽

Shunsuke Furuta ◽

Masaki Hiraguri ◽

Kei Ikeda ◽

Yosuke Inaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Disease Onset ◽

The Elderly ◽

Event Analysis ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Time To Event ◽

Class 1 ◽

Elderly Onset

Abstract Background Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease which encompasses patients with heterogenous presentation and a wide range of clinical courses. In this study, we aimed to identify potential subgroups of AOSD and reveal risk factors for relapse. Methods We included a total of 216 AOSD patients who received treatment in nine hospitals between 2000 and 2019. All patients fulfilled the Yamaguchi classification criteria. We retrospectively collected information about baseline characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment, relapse, and death. We performed latent class analysis and time-to-event analysis for relapse using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results The median age at disease onset was 51.6 years. The median follow-up period was 36.8 months. At disease onset, 22.3% of the patients had macrophage activation syndrome. The median white blood cell count was 12,600/μL, and the median serum ferritin level was 7230 ng/mL. Systemic corticosteroids were administered in all but three patients (98.6%) and the median initial dosage of prednisolone was 40mg/day. Ninety-six patients (44.4%) were treated with concomitant immunosuppressants, and 22 (10.2%) were treated with biologics. Latent class analysis revealed that AOSD patients were divided into two subgroups: the typical group (Class 1: 71.8%) and the elderly-onset group (Class 2: 28.2%). During the follow-up period, 13 of 216 patients (6.0%) died (12 infections and one senility), and 76 of 216 patients (35.1%) experienced relapses. Overall and relapse-free survival rates at 5 years were 94.9% and 57.3%, respectively, and those rates were not significantly different between Class 1 and 2 (p=0.30 and p=0.19). Time-to-event analysis suggested higher neutrophil count, lower hemoglobin, and age ≥65 years at disease onset as risk factors for death and age ≥65 years at disease onset as a risk factor for relapse. Conclusions AOSD patients were divided into two subgroups: the typical group and the elderly-onset group. Although the survival of patients with AOSD was generally good, the patients often experienced relapses. Age ≥65 years at disease onset was the risk factor for relapse.

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