Sport media and the cultural circulation of race/ethnicity: Moving from content analyses to production studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne van Lienden ◽  
Carmen Longas Luque ◽  
Jacco van Sterkenburg
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Audience Reception ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
A Site ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The racial/ethnic diversity that can be seen in televised football, together with its wide audience, makes it an interesting place to study meanings given to race/ethnicity. Previous research on the content of these discourses has found that televised football in different countries reproduces a variety of racial/ethnic stereotypes. These discourses arguably help to perpetuate and ‘naturalize’ racial/ethnic inequities. In order to better illuminate how sport media serves as a site where discourses surrounding race/ethnicity are (re)constructed, a fruitful yet understated direction of future research would be to look at the production process of such discourses. Although the theoretical value of production studies has been noted in previous work, there is at this time a shortage of empirical production studies in sport media. The present article describes some of the main findings of previous research on the representation of race/ethnicity in televised football (a dominant subject of research in this area) and audience reception research. Furthermore, the article focuses on main findings from production studies in sport media, supplementing a focus on race/ethnicity with describing production studies on gender – as most production studies have mainly focused on gender and provide relevant insights for the study of race/ethnicity. We conclude with some future research avenues highlighting the importance of exploring production processes in relation to meanings given to race/ethnicity in sport media.

Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Economy - A Broad Overview of U.S. Counties, 2000-2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
Madhuri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
County Scale ◽  
Scale Data

This article explores the relationships between diversity, its components, and their change with economic health at the scale of counties, using major economic characteristics such as change in population, labor-force participation, employment and unemployment, and median household income (overall and by race/ethnicity). Tract-scale and county-scale data from the National Historical Geographic Information System are used to compute diversity scores and its components, to visually analyze the spatial distribution patterns. Correlations & stepwise regression models suggest that diversity-2000 associates positively with greater diversity (overall and among non-whites) in 2014, but negatively with a change in diversity (overall, and non-white). While median household income associates with a positive change in diversity, those for Blacks associate negatively with change in diversity, largely supporting the inertia effects of Black presence as an ‘unattractive' factor. Unemployment associates with diversity & change/non-white-diversity, suggesting unemployment likely prevalent among whites. This has huge socio-economic and politics-based policy implications.

scholarly journals Maternal Age Patterns of Preterm Birth: Exploring the Moderating Roles of Chronic Stress and Race/Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmi Kim ◽  
Eun-Ok Im ◽  
Jianghong Liu ◽  
Connie Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Despite the suggested contribution of cumulative chronic stress to the racial/ethnic disparities in preterm birth (PTB), it is unclear how chronic stress, maternal age, and race/ethnicity are linked underlying PTB. Purpose We investigated the moderating effect of chronic stress on the maternal age–PTB association among non-Hispanic (N-H) White, N-H Black, Hispanic, and Asian women. Methods We analyzed the Washington State’s Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data linked with birth certificates. The sample included women aged 18 years or older who birthed the first, singleton baby without birth defects. Chronic stress was measured by race/ethnicity-specific chronic stress indices. A maternal age–chronic stress interaction was modeled to predict PTB by logistic regression stratified by race/ethnicity. In subanalysis, the moderating role of racism was investigated in the maternal age–chronic stress interaction among three minority groups combined. Results Women’s maternal age trajectory of PTB varied by their race/ethnicity and chronic stress level. N-H White and N-H Black women showed a steeper maternal age-related increase in PTB (weathering) under higher chronic stress, indicating a chronic stress’ cumulative effect with maternal age. Besides, the extent of weathering was amplified by racism on top of chronic stress, particularly among N-H Black women. Conclusions These results show that both chronic stress and racism may develop accelerated PTB risk among minority women. Future research should use more objective and accurate chronic stress measures to ascertain the complex relationships among chronic stress, racial discrimination, and maternal age underlying the racial/ethnic differentials in PTB.

Current and Historical Trends in Diversity by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex Within the US Pathology Physician Workforce

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
Marissa J White ◽  
Rhea J Wyse ◽  
Alisha D Ware ◽  
Curtiland Deville
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Physician Workforce ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Alaskan Native ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objectives This study assessed historical and current gender, racial, and ethnic diversity trends within US pathology graduate medical education (GME) and the pathologist workforce. Methods Data from online, publicly available sources were assessed for significant differences in racial, ethnic, and sex distribution in pathology trainees, as well as pathologists in practice or on faculty, separately compared with the US population and then each other using binomial tests. Results Since 1995, female pathology resident representation has been increasing at a rate of 0.45% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.61; P < .01), with pathology now having significantly more females (49.8%) compared to the total GME pool (45.4%; P < .0001). In contrast, there was no significant trend in the rate of change per year in black or American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AI/AN/NH/PI) resident representation (P = .04 and .02). Since 1995, underrepresented minority (URM) faculty representation has increased by 0.03% per year (95% CI, 0.024-0.036; P < .01), with 7.6% URM faculty in 2018 (5.2% Hispanic, 2.2% black, 0.2% AI/AN/NH/PI). Conclusions This assessment of pathology trainee and physician workforce diversity highlights significant improvements in achieving trainee gender parity. However, there are persistent disparities in URM representation, with significant underrepresentation of URM pathologists compared with residents.

Economic Growth Potentials and Race/Ethnicity in Tennessee

2021 ◽  
pp. 1119-1142
Author(s):  
Madhuri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Creative Class ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article establishes relationships between racial/ethnic diversity, segregation, and employment-by-industry-types in the counties of Tennessee. Using the American Community Survey and NAICS data, diversity scores, entropy indices, and location quotients for major-employment are computed for Tennessee's 95 counties. Cartographic analysis, followed by correlations, principal components and regression analyses help establish the above relationships. The north-east and west-central regions of Tennessee have concentration in primary-sectors of economy whereas counties with concentration in creative-class economy (e.g., Williamson, Davidson) have higher presence of Asians, and with greater human capital (education). Simultaneously, these are also the most segregated despite being diverse. Counties with higher diversity and higher share of African-Americans are segregated, despite having employment concentration in diverse set of industries. Enormous growth potentials exist in the sectors of education and health-care which can help Tennessee revitalize its economy.

Worshiping across the Color Line: The Influence of Congregational Composition on Whites’ Friendship Networks and Racial Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Polson ◽  
Kevin D. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
American Society ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Religious participation has reinforced the color line in American society for generations. Despite rising racial and ethnic diversity across U.S. communities, most Americans continue to belong to congregations composed primarily of others from their own racial/ethnic groups. Yet recent scholarship suggests that the presence of multiple racial or ethnic groups in the same congregation is increasing. The authors examine how the racial/ethnic composition of U.S. congregations is related to white attenders’ friendship networks and comfort with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). Using national survey data, the authors find that whites in multiracial congregations report more diverse friendship networks and higher levels of comfort with nonwhites than do whites in nonmultiracial congregations. However, the influence of worshipping with another race/ethnicity seems to be most pronounced for whites in congregations with Hispanics. Moreover, neighbors and friends of other races have more impact on whites’ friendship networks and attitudes than do congregations. The authors discuss implications of these findings for understanding U.S. intergroup relations and the potential of congregations to address the color line.

scholarly journals Everyday racism and constructions of racial/ethnic difference in and through football talk

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacco van Sterkenburg ◽  
Rens Peeters ◽  
Noortje van Amsterdam
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Earlier research has shown how football media use specific racial/ethnic stereotypes, thereby reinforcing certain hierarchies along the lines of race and ethnicity. We use a cultural studies perspective to explore the discourses surrounding race and ethnicity in football among Dutch multiethnic football media audiences when they talk about football. We have interviewed 30 participants in five focus groups to collect our data. Our analysis shows that everyday football talk mainly reproduces racial/ethnic stereotypes and everyday racisms, and that race and ethnicity intersect with other markers of difference like nation, culture and religion in the discourses people draw on. Which specific difference is prioritized depends on context and interview questions. Furthermore, our analysis shows that ethnic diversity is celebrated and supported but that this support is conditional and combined with reinforcing biologically and culturally informed racisms. Findings are discussed in a wider academic and societal context.

scholarly journals Prejudice in the People’s Game: A Content Analysis of Race/Ethnicity in Polish Televised Football

2020 ◽  
pp. 216747952093948
Author(s):  
Arne van Lienden ◽  
Jacco van Sterkenburg
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
European Football ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
A Site

This study explores how televised football in Poland serves as a site for the (re)construction of discourses surrounding race and ethnicity and to what extent this squares with previous studies on sport media conducted mainly in Western countries. In our analysis, we identify the discourses surrounding race and ethnicity that the commentators in televised football draw on and examine how they relate to hegemonic discourses and categorizations in wider Polish society. Our findings show that Polish football commentators draw on transnationally circulating racialized/ethnicized discourses on assumed superior physicality when talking about Black football players and on supposed negative psychological capabilities when talking about White Southern European football players. The findings also show that when talking about non-Polish players and head coaches, the commentators regularly rely on an us-versus-them frame that constructs foreign influences as a threat.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Academic Public Health: 20-Year Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody S. Goodman ◽  
Christine M. Plepys ◽  
Jemar R. Bather ◽  
Rita M. Kelliher ◽  
Cheryl G. Healton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective: This study is a follow-up to an examination of the racial/ethnic composition of public health students (1996) and faculty (1997) at schools of public health that was conducted 20 years ago. We examined data on the race/ethnicity of students, graduates, and faculty among Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)–member institutions during 2016-2017 and how these data have changed in the past 20 years. Methods: We obtained data on the race/ethnicity of students (in 1996 and 2016), graduates (in 1996 and 2016), and faculty (in 1997 and 2017) at ASPPH-member institutions from the ASPPH Data Center. We tabulated frequencies, percentages, and 20-year percentage-point changes by race/ethnicity. We examined data for all current ASPPH-member institutions and for comparable subcohorts of 1996 and 1997 member institutions that are current ASPPH members. Results: In graduate student enrollment, the 20-year increase in each nonwhite racial/ethnic subgroup was ≤5 percentage points. Among tenured faculty, the 20-year increase was greatest among Asians (8 percentage points) but was <3 percentage points for black, Hispanic, and Native American faculty. Conclusions: The increasing racial/ethnic diversity among students, graduates, and faculty in schools and programs of public health contributes to parallel increases in racial/ethnic diversity in the public health workforce. Schools and programs of public health should recruit clusters of racial/ethnic minority students using holistic application review processes, provide enrolled students with racially/ethnically diverse role models and mentors, and dedicate staffing to ensure a student-centered approach. In addition, those who mentor racially/ethnically diverse students and junior faculty should be rewarded.

Abstract 17339: Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups Are Under-Represented and Under-Reported in Guideline-Informing Heart Failure Clinical Trials

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gamino ◽  
Justin T Parizo ◽  
David Scheinker ◽  
Fatima Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Asian Race ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Racial/ethnic diversity in clinical trials is essential to ensure that our evidence base reflects the population. We assessed the extent of reporting and representation of race/ethnicity in heart failure (HF) clinical trials referenced in the contemporary ACC/AHA HF guidelines. Methods: All randomized trials referenced in the 2013 ACC/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines and the 2017 Focused Update were included. The prevalence of reporting of race/ethnicity, the proportions of racial/ethnic subgroups enrolled, and subgroup analysis based on intervention type - pharmacologic, device, and other - were evaluated. Results: We identified 256 trials (545 233 subjects) published between 1950 and 2018. Among these, only 95 reported any race/ethnicity (37.1%), 94 reported white race (36.7%), 58 reported black race (22.7%), 16 reported Hispanic ethnicity (6.3%), and 23 reported Asian race (9.0%). In trials reporting white, black, Hispanic, and Asian race/ethnicity respectively, 76.4% (n = 299 153 of 299872) of patients were white, 11.7% (n = 25 274 of 215 905) of patients were black, 11.2% (n = of 8863 of 79 097) of patients were Hispanic, and 10.5% (n = 14925 of 141 504) of patients were Asian. Comparison of trial population proportions with US Census population demonstrates over-representation of white subjects, and under-representation of Hispanic and black subjects (Figure). Stratification by intervention type demonstrated that no device trials referenced in the guidelines report black or Asian race, and just one reported Hispanic race. Conclusions: Trials that dictate clinical care of patients with HF through informing contemporary ACC/AHA HF guidelines under-represent black and Hispanic populations. Additionally, 2/3rds of trials fail to report any race/ ethnicity at all. There is a need for guideline and practice-informing clinical trials to adequately represent all populations, and to provide clinicians the data they need to assess generalizability.

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