Exploring the willingness to adopt rapid diagnostic tests to improve antimicrobial medicine use amongst Tanzanian livestock farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Florida Mkenda ◽  
Henry Buller ◽  
Ann Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Willingness To Adopt

This article deals with the challenge of addressing antimicrobial resistance in resource-poor countries. It explores the possibilities of using rapid diagnostic tests to improve animal health management and treatment, particularly in situations where laboratory veterinary infrastructure is limited. Using data from a survey undertaken in 2018, three composite variables, i.e. perceived usefulness, compatibility with existing practices and ease of use, derived from the Model of Technological Acceptance and Diffusion Innovation Theory are used to analyse the perceived characteristics and values of rapid diagnostic test devices for farmers. Results suggest smallholder farmers’ willingness to adopt and use the tests provided they are affordable, easy to use and suitable to their local conditions – a common referential being mobile phones. While such tests have the potential to improve how antibiotics are used in smallholder farms, they are more likely to instigate more general improvements in how treatment decisions are made without necessarily reducing unnecessary antimicrobial use. The adoption may also imply a diminishing need for traditional veterinary services, thus making farmers more self-sufficient in animal health care. Farmers also seem to be more concerned by false negatives leading to sick animals missing vital treatment than by false positives where drugs will be administered to healthy animals. Overall promoting rapid diagnostic test technologies inevitably calls for new controls and regulations.

scholarly journals Clinical overlap between malaria and pneumonia: can malaria rapid diagnostic test play a role?

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja ◽  
Olufemi B Aina ◽  
Ademola A Talabi
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Symptom Overlap

Introduction: Malaria and pneumonia account for 40% of mortality among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to lack of diagnostic facilities, their management is based on the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) strategy. Symptoms of malaria and pneumonia overlap in African children, necessitating dual IMCI classifications at health centres and treatment with both antibiotics and antimalarials. This study determined the prevalence of malaria-pneumonia symptom overlap and confirmed the diagnosis of malaria in these cases using a rapid diagnostic test. Methodology: Consecutive consultations of 1,216 children (two months to five years old) were documented over a three-month period in a comprehensive health centre. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests were conducted only for children who had symptom overlap. Results: Of the 1,216 children enrolled, 1,090 (90%) reported cough or fever. Among the children fulfilling the malaria case definition, 284 (30%) also met the pneumonia case definition. Twenty-three percent (284) of all children enrolled met the criteria for both malaria and pneumonia. However, only 130 (46%) of them had a positive result for malaria using a malaria rapid diagnostic test. During a malaria-pneumonia overlap, female children (chi-square 5.9, P = 0.01) and children ≥ one year (chi-square 4.8, P = 0.003) were more likely to seek care within two days of fever. Conclusion: Dual treatment with antimalarials and antibiotics in children with malaria-pneumonia overlap may result in unnecessary over-prescription of antimalarial medications. Use of rapid diagnostic tests in their management can potentially avoid over-prescribing of malaria medications.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Cholkit Rapid Diagnostic Test for Vibrio Cholerae O1 During a Cholera Outbreak in Malawi, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Chibwe ◽  
Watipaso Kasambara ◽  
Mathews Kagoli ◽  
Harry Milala ◽  
Charity Gondwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Abstract Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for cholera are an important emerging tool for surveillance, yet the currently available tests have several limitations. We assess the performance of a new RDT, Cholkit, during a cholera outbreak in Malawi compared with culture and find a sensitivity of 93.0% (95% CI, 83.0%–98.1%) and a specificity of 95.7% (95% CI, 78.1%–100.0%).

scholarly journals PO 8248 DETERMINANTS OF ACCEPTABILITY OF MALARIA RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST AMONG HEALTH WORKERS IN KINTAMPO NORTH MUNICIPALITY, GHANA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A23.1-A23
Author(s):  
Michael Anaba ◽  
Kenneth Ae-Ngebisi ◽  
Seth Owusu Agyei ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Normalisation Process Theory ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Survey Tool

BackgroundGhana rolled out the policy in 2013 with the use of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) promoted to facilitate diagnosis. However, health workers who are at the centre of mRDT implementation still treat half of febrile patients with negative mRDT results with antimalarial drugs, suggesting limited or lack of acceptability of the innovation.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to examine determinants of mRDT among health workers in Kintampo North Municipality (KNM) in Ghana. Data were collected from 110 health workers in KNM involved in malaria management from February to April 2017. The survey tool was based on two frameworks – the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Normalisation Process Theory (NPT). Acceptability was measured by ease of use, perceived usefulness and intention to use.We hypothesised that acceptability was influenced by „coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring and respondent characteristics. A composite acceptability score was computed from a 21-item questionnaire for each respondent. The respondents were divided into three groups of low, moderate and high acceptability for ordered logistic regression to examine the relationship between acceptability and its determinants.ResultsThe median acceptability score was 84(Q1, Q3:68, 103). About 34% of health workers had low acceptability while 37% and 29% had moderate and high acceptability respectively. In the multivariable analysis, coherence (OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.11–1.37), cognitive participation (OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.10–1.66), health workers in rural health facilities (OR=6.99, 95%CI=1.82–26.84) and health workers with more than three years’ experience (OR=5.53, 95%CI=1.98–15.42) were more likely to have high mRDT acceptability.ConclusionAcceptability of mRDT was moderate among the majority. This can be improved by enhancing health workers’ coherence on the benefits of mRDT through policy building or dissemination of information, promoting health workers’ cognitive participation in the mRDT implementation process through recruitment of local ‘champions’ to promote ‘buy-in’ and providing incentives to health workers to embed and sustain the use of the health technology.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 Gene Deletions in Plasmodium Falciparum Isolates and their Performance of Hrp2 Based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Three Districts of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Aquel Rene Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDTs) are important for malaria disease management. However, the performance of the RDTs is affected when the targeted antigens in the parasite have a variation or are altogether absent. The most common parasite target antigen in RDTs, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), has been reported to be absent in some P. falciparum parasites. 371 patient samples, from Akuapem North (58.5%), Atiwa East (21.3%), and from New Juaben (20.2%), were used in the study. PCR provided the highest number, 14.8% (55/371), of positive detections for falciparum infections. Microscopy detected parasites in 20/261 (7.7%) samples, and the minimum parasite density by microscopy was 430 parasites/µL. Out of the 371 samples, 27 (7.3%) were positive by RDT. The highest RDT positivity rate, 13.3% (10/75), was observed at New Juaben. False-negative RDT results were obtained in 43/55 (78.2%) of the negative branded RDT kits. Only two microscopies positive sample were RDT positive. Using 18SrDNA PCR, 55 (14.8%) samples were positive for P. falciparum. In Akuapem North, 79.2 % (19/24) of the PCR positive samples had P. falciparum parasites that lacked exon 2 of PFHRP2. An overall RDT positivity rate of 7.3% (27/371) and false-negative rate of 78.2% (43/55) were observed for the study sites. Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations with deletions of the PFHRP2 and PFHRP3 genes are present in Ghana. There is an urgent need to investigate the prevalence and geographic distribution of these parasites. Keywords: Histidine Rich Protien (HRP), Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (MRDT), Malaria, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).

scholarly journals Blood transfer devices for malaria rapid diagnostic tests: evaluation of accuracy, safety and ease of use

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hopkins ◽  
Wellington Oyibo ◽  
Jennifer Luchavez ◽  
Mary Lorraine Mationg ◽  
Caroline Asiimwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of two commercial SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-detecting rapid tests at the point of care in community-based testing centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Berger ◽  
Marie Therese Ngo Nsoga ◽  
Francisco Javier Perez-Rodriguez ◽  
Yasmine Abi Aad ◽  
Pascale Sattonnet-Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Tests

AbstractBackgroundAntigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 offer new opportunities for the quick and laboratory-independent identification of infected individuals for control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single-center, point of care validation of two antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) in comparison to RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs.FindingsBetween October 9th and 23rd, 2020, 1064 participants were enrolled. The Panbio™Covid-19 Ag Rapid Test device (Abbott) was validated in 535 participants, with 106 positive Ag-RDT results out of 124 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI: 78.0–91.2). Specificity was 100.0% (95% CI: 99.1–100) in 411 RT-PCR negative individuals. The Standard Q Ag-RDT (SD Biosensor, Roche) was validated in 529 participants, with 170 positive Ag-RDT results out of 191 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 83.7–93.1). One false positive result was obtained in 338 RT-PCR negative individuals, yielding a specificity of 99.7% (95%CI: 98.4–100). For individuals presenting with fever 1-5 days post symptom onset, combined Ag-RDT sensitivity was above 95%.InterpretationWe provide an independent validation of two widely available commercial Ag-RDTs, both meeting WHO criteria of ≥80% sensitivity and ≥97% specificity. Although less sensitive than RT-PCR, these assays could be beneficial due to their rapid results, ease of use, and independence from existing laboratory structures. Testing criteria focusing on patients with typical symptoms in their early symptomatic period onset could further increase diagnostic value.FundingFoundation of Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Fondation privée des HUG, Pictet Charitable Foundation.

scholarly journals Accuracy, Ease of Use, Safety, and Acceptability of a 23-μL Conical Cup Blood Transfer Device for Use with Rapid Diagnostic Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Incardona ◽  
Daniel J. Kyabayinze ◽  
David Bell ◽  
Bbale Ndawula ◽  
Marvis C. Kanyago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Transfer Device

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Diagnostic Methods of Malaria - Microscopy Versus Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1826-1830
Author(s):  
Saumya Singh ◽  
Neelam Chauhan ◽  
Jyoti Tomar ◽  
Aditya Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Card Test

BACKGROUND Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world including India. Majority of malarial cases are found in countries where cost-effectiveness, diagnostic test performance ease, and trained personnel, are the most important considerations. We wanted to compare the two methods of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria parasite infection. METHODS We studied 2,723 blood samples of patients who presented with signs and symptoms of malaria from out patient department (OPD) and various wards of Pacific Institute of Medical Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan, from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019. All samples obtained were first tested by RDTs and then the same samples were used to make peripheral blood film (PBF) for microscopy. RESULTS During the 1-year period, rapid card test method showed 178 positives for malarial parasite. Of these, 64 cases were positive for P. vivax and 108 cases for P. falciparum. Peripheral blood smear method showed 160 cases positive for malarial parasite. Of these, 55 cases were positive for P. vivax and 99 cases for P. falciparum and 6 cases of co-infection. PBF failed to detect 9 cases of P. vivax and 9 cases of P. falciparum which were positive by rapid card test. So, 18 cases reported PBF negative. Among these patients, there were 83 females and 95 males. Most affected age group was 16 – 30 years followed by 31 – 45 years. Maximum samples were from the month of October 19 with a positivity rate 35.4 %. CONCLUSIONS RDTs based on malaria antigen (whole blood) method is as specific and more sensitive than microscopy (which is being considered as the gold standard method). Peripheral blood smear method still remains superior for accurate species differentiation, quantitation of parasite and maintaining a permanent record. KEYWORDS Microscopy, Malaria, Rapid Diagnostic Tests

scholarly journals Accuracy of an Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test (ICT Malaria Combo Cassette Test) Compared to Microscopy among under Five-Year-Old Children when Diagnosing Malaria in Equatorial Guinea

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Luis Portero ◽  
Maria Rubio-Yuste ◽  
Miguel Angel Descalzo ◽  
Jose Raso ◽  
Magdalena Lwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Under Five

Conventional malaria diagnosis based on microscopy raises serious difficulties in weak health systems. Cost-effective and sensitive rapid diagnostic tests have been recently proposed as alternatives to microscopy. In Equatorial Guinea, a study was conducted to assess the reliability of a rapid diagnostic test compared to microscopy. The study was designed in accordance with the directives of the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Initiative (STARD). Peripheral thick and thin films for the microscopy diagnosis and a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT Malaria Combo Cassette Test) were performed on under five-year-old children with malaria suspicion. The ICT test detected Plasmodium spp. infection with a sensitivity of 81.5% and a specificity of 81.9% while P. falciparum diagnosis occurred with a sensitivity of 69.7% and a specificity of 73.7%. The sensitivity of the ICT test increased with higher parasitemias. The general results showed little concordance between the ICT test and microscopy (kappa = 0.28, se: 0.04). In Equatorial Guinea, the ICT Malaria Combo Cassette Test has proven to be an acceptable test to detect high P. falciparum parasitemias. However, the decrease of sensitivity at medium and low parasitemias hampers that ICT can replace properly performed microscopy at present in the diagnosis of malaria in children.

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