scholarly journals Diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in sympatric mammals in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon

2021 ◽  
pp. 3149-3155
Author(s):  
Serge-Ely Dibakou ◽  
Ulrich Maloueki ◽  
Barthélémy Ngoubangoye ◽  
Larson Boundenga ◽  
Stephan Ntie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Rich Diversity

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal parasites identified in the wild can negatively affect host fitness, lower performance, and growth. On the other side, sympatric mammals that share habitat and resources may also cross-transmit parasites, which are often zoonotic and can contribute to morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in mammalian hosts in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park. Materials and Methods: We screened a total of 25 fecal samples collected from nine wild mammalian species, namely, western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans), African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), blue duiker (Philantomba monticola), bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), and red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus) as well as people working as trackers (Homo sapiens) using direct microscopic observations following a sedimentation technique to concentrate the fecal material. Results: Of the total 25 fecal samples screened, 15 (60%) were positive for parasitic gastrointestinal infection. Based on the morphology of parasite eggs and cysts, we identified a rich diversity of nematodes, protozoans, trematodes, and cestodes, including unidentified strongyles (73%), Oesophagostomum spp. (53%), Ancylostoma spp. (27%), Trichuris spp. (13%), Ascaris spp. (13%), Mammomonogamus spp. (13%), Strongyloides spp. (47%), Balantidium coli (20%), Entamoeba coli (20%), Endolimax nana (6%), Fasciola hepatica (6%), Paramphistomum spp. (13%), and Taenia spp. (6%). Conclusion: All parasites were found at least once in one of the hosts, and most were potentially zoonotic and responsible for several diseases of public health concern. Because of the small sample size, our findings should not be considered conclusive. Nevertheless, they highlight the diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in this area.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and sheep in three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pinilla Leon ◽  
Nelson Uribe Delgado ◽  
Angel Alberto Florez
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cattle and sheep from three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain. Materials and Methods: Overall, 200 fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum in cattle and sheep. The presence of helminths eggs and coccidial oocysts in fecal samples was detected using McMaster and Dennis techniques. Identification of eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: The global prevalence of GI parasites was 56.3%. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the three municipalities. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in sheep (63%) as compared to that of cattle (50.5%), but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). The most prevalent parasites were Eimeria spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongylida order. Regarding the results for Eimeria spp., different degrees of positivity were observed, but there was no statistical association (p>0.05) with respect to the age group. Likewise, there was no statistical association (p>0.05) between the prevalence for Strongylida order and F. hepatica with respect to the age group. Conclusion: Cattle and sheep in Colombian Northeastern Mountain were infected with helminths and coccidia. The prevalence values of GI parasites were moderate in both species warranting treatment. The presence of F. hepatica represents a risk factor to health public. Future studies are required to evaluate the parasitic dynamics throughout the year and the impact on animal production.

scholarly journals First record of tapeworm Moniezia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) infections in Leopards: Coprological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 9956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishvapali Kobbekaduwa ◽  
Caroline Fillieux ◽  
Ashan Thududgala ◽  
R.P.V. Jayantha Rajapakse ◽  
Rupika Subashini Rajakaruna
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
National Park ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Record ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fragmented Population

Sri Lanka is home to four species of wildcats: Leopard, Fishing Cat, Rusty-spotted Cat and Jungle Cat.  All four, except the Jungle Cat, are listed threatened.  A coprological survey was carried out in 2014 to determine the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka.  Parasite eggs and cysts were isolated and morphologically identified using iodine smears and a modified salt flotation.  The intensity of infection was quantified using a McMaster counting technique.  A total of 45 fecal samples were analyzed.  Except for the six captive Rusty-spotted Cats, all cats were infected with one or more GI parasites.  The presence of Moniezia sp. in Leopards in the Horton Plains National Park with an intensity of 150–1850 EPG (eggs per gram of feces) was unexpected.  Moniezia is a common GI parasite of ruminants and before our study it had never been recorded in Leopards.  Cross species infection with Moniezia could be possible due to accidental ingestion of cysticercoid infected oribatid mites, the intermediate host which could have been picked up in the pasture while feeding on carcasses.  Among the other parasitic infections in Leopards Toxocara was most common (61.9%) followed by strongyle infections (15.4%).  Of the fecal samples collected from wild Leopards 80.0% were infected with GI parasites while no GI parasites were found in the captive Leopard samples.  The Jungle Cats and the Rusty-spotted Cats sampled were in captivity and only the Jungle Cats were infected with strongyles.  Toxocara was recorded in Leopards and Fishing Cat both in captivity and in the wild.  It is a common GI infection of cats causing morbidity in all age groups and mortality in young animals.  Although parasitic infections of cats may not be a direct reason for a species’ decline, parasitic infections spreading within a small fragmented population could reduce the vitality and numbers and threaten the population further.  This is the first report of GI parasites of wildcats of Sri Lanka and the first record of Moniezia infections in Leopards.

scholarly journals Gastro Intestinal Parasites of Musk Deer (Moschus Chryso-Gaster Hodgson, 1839) in Langtang National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Achhami ◽  
Hari Prasad Sharma ◽  
Ashok Bahadur Bam
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Cross Transmission

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of musk deer in Langtang National Park, Nepal. A total of 9 fecal samples were collected systematically and analyzed using standard procedures during May-June, 2014. Overall 7 species of parasites including 4 nematodes, 1 cestode, 1 trematode and 1 protozoan parasite were recorded. Prevalence of Ascaris sp. was high (88.89%) followed by Eimeria sp. (77.78%), Trichuris sp. (66.67%), Strongyloides sp. (55.56%), Moniezia sp. (44.44%), Strongyle (44.44%) and Paramphistomum sp. (44.44%). Most of the samples had heavy parasitic infestation and multiple parasites were also observed in same individual. The high parasitic prevalence might have adverse health impact on musk deer. The possibility of cross-transmission of parasites between livestock and wildlife in Langtang National Park should be studied in future.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016, Page: 71-75

scholarly journals In or out: Response slowing across housing conditions as a measure of affect in three Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9525
Author(s):  
Molly McGuire ◽  
Jennifer M. Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Western Lowland Gorillas ◽  
Threatening Stimuli

Background Individuals experiencing negative affect have shown response slowing, a longer latency to respond in relation to baseline, when presented with aversive stimuli. We assessed response slowing in three male gorillas housed in a bachelor group as a function of daytime and nighttime housing arrangements. Methods In both experiments, three gorillas were rewarded for touching a single image (baseline, non-threatening gorilla or threatening gorilla) on a touchscreen. In Experiment One, they completed 48 50-trial sessions across combinations of three nested daytime and three nighttime conditions. In Experiment Two, they completed eight 50-trial sessions with novel stimuli across two daytime conditions, which were nested within two nighttime conditions. Housing conditions represented different amounts of space and degree of choice. We predicted that the gorillas would show response slowing to threatening stimuli when space and choice were restricted. Results We did not observe response slowing in Experiment One, although daytime and nighttime conditions interacted to predict response latencies. The gorillas responded more slowly when they had access to indoors and outdoors overnight compared to when they were in their stalls or together in an indoor habitat, but only if they had been given access to both indoors and outdoors or locked in the indoor habitat the day before. In Experiment Two, the gorillas did show response slowing to threatening stimuli, but this pattern did not interact with housing conditions. Our results, although limited by a small sample, are somewhat consistent with those of a previous study that did not find significant response slowing for apes as a function of aversive testing conditions, although the procedure has been effective in identifying dysregulated fear (high fear in low threat conditions) in macaques. The utility of this paradigm for testing affect in apes awaits further evaluation.

Monitoring the reproductive status of female gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) by measuring the steroid hormones in fecal samples

Primates ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Miyamoto ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Hidetoshi Kurotori ◽  
Tadashi Sankai ◽  
Takashi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Fecal Samples

scholarly journals Potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes co-infecting free ranging non-human primates in Kenyan urban centres

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peris Mbuthia ◽  
Edwin Murungi ◽  
Vincent Owino ◽  
Mercy Akinyi ◽  
Gillian Eastwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Blue Monkeys ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractBackgroundNatural infections with soil transmitted nematodes occur in non-human primates (NHPs) and have the potential to cross primate-species boundaries and cause diseases of significant public health concern. Despite their presence in most urban centres in Kenya, comprehensive studies on their gastrointestinal parasites are scant.ObjectiveConduct a cross-sectional survey to identify zoonotic nematodes in free-ranging NHPs found within four selected urban and peri-urban centres in Kenya.MethodsA total of 86 NHPs: 41 African green monkeys [AGM] (Chlorocebus aethiops), 30 olive baboons (Papio anubis), 5 blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni) and 10 red tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) were sampled once in situ and released back to their habitat. Microscopy was used to identify nematodes egg and larvae stages in the samples. Subsequently, PCR coupled with high-resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis and sequencing were used to identify nodule worms.ResultsNHPs inhabiting densely populated urban environs in Kenya were found infected with a rich diversity of nematodes including three potentially zoonotic nematodes including Oesophagostomum stephanostomum, Oesophagostomum bifurcum and Trichostrongylus colubriformis and co-infections were common.ConclusionPhylogenetic analysis showed that O. stephanostomum from red tailed and blue monkeys have a close evolutionary relatedness to human isolates suggesting the zoonotic potential of this parasite. Moreover, we also report the first natural co-infection of O. bifurcum and O. stephanostomum in free-ranging AGMs.

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