scholarly journals ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON WALLICHIA NANA GRIFF., A WILD PALM OF ASSAM, INDIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Mehmud ◽  
Himu Roy
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Epidermal Morphology ◽  
Metaxylem Vessel

MEHMUD, S. & ROY, H. 2020. Anatomical studies on Wallichia nana Griff., a wild palm of Assam, India. Reinwardtia 19(2): 97‒102. ‒‒ The present communicated research is a study based on the observation of free hand transverse section of leaf, stem and root and epidermal morphology of lamina in Wallichia nana, a species distributed in North-eastern states of India. Occurrence of paracytic stomata was noted on both surfaces of the lamina but comparatively more on lower surface. Number of metaxylem vessel recorded in lamina is single whereas, one to two in stem, petiole and roots. Presence of mucilage sacs recorded in the cortex of both petiole and stem.   

scholarly journals Anatomical Studies of Two Jatropha Species with Importance for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
N. Tavecchio ◽  
H. Reinoso ◽  
M. Ruffini Castiglione ◽  
C. Spanò ◽  
H. E. Pedranzani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Surface ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Stem Leaf

<p><em>Jatropha curcas </em>L. and <em>Jatropha macrocarpa </em>Griseb. (Euphorbiaceae) are perennial species adapted to marginal conditions not suitable for agriculture, and have been recently exploited for oil and biodiesel production<strong>. </strong>The anatomy of different organs in members of this family exhibits a wide range of variations. However, knowledge of anatomical features is still incomplete. The aim of the present work was to analyze the anatomical structure of stem, leaf and root of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa </em>seedling cultivated in a greenhouse. Fixed samples were properly treated using triple stain hematoxylin, safranin and fast green. Primary roots were diarch and triarch in <em>J. curcas</em>, whereas in <em>J. macrocarpa </em>were diarch and the cortex showed parenchyma cells, larger in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than <em>J. curcas</em>. Stem cortex was thicker in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than in <em>J. curcas</em>.<em> </em>Both species had parenchyma cells with cystolith, chloroplasts, laticifers and starch granules, these being more abundant in <em>J. macrocarpa</em>. Leaves were characterized by dorsoventral anatomy, with the epiderm showing amphistomatic condition with high stomata density at the lower surface. Both <em>Jatropha </em>species had paracytic stomata. Druses and non-articulated branched laticifers were recorded in the mesophyll. Some of the different anatomical features of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa</em> could explain the different tolerance to abiotic stress.</p>

scholarly journals Systematic wood anatomical study in some species of Sapindaceae Juss. in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
M. Bulama-Modu ◽  
◽  
T. K. Muftaudeen ◽  
A. E. Ayodele ◽  
A. J. Akinloye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Radial Section ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Diffuse Porous ◽  
Blighia Sapida

Comparative wood anatomical studies was carried out on ten species in the family Sapindaceae. The species were relatively uniform in the features of their vessels, in which diffuse porous was observed with solitary vessels to pore multiples in transverse section and ray cells were predominantly heterogeneous in radial section. Fibres were long and extensive. The longest fibre was observed in Blighia sapida (1025±28.5 µm), while the shortest fibre was observed in Cardiospermum halicacabum (139±6.5 µm). The longest vessel was observed in Deinbolia pinnata (509±34.9 µm) and the shortest vessel was observed in Cardiospermum halicacabum (85.36±4.9 µm). The implication of these features in the taxonomy of the family was discussed. The Dendrogram based on the quantitative wood characters confirmed Allophylus africanus and Allophylus spicatus belong to the same genus as classified, likewise Blighia unijugata, Blighia sapida but Cardiospermum halicacabum is closely related to Paullinia pinnata while others exhibited distinct generic characters.

scholarly journals Anatomical Studies of the Foliar Epidermis and Petiole of some Lannea Species in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu E. Okanume ◽  
Lynda C. Ebelebe ◽  
O. A. Oso
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Epidermal Morphology ◽  
Distinguishing Character

Aims: Leaf epidermal morphology and petiole anatomy of seven Lannea species namely; Lannea velutina, Lannea kerstingii, Lannea egregia, Lannea schimperii, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, and Lannea edulis in Nigeria were investigated to provide new taxonomic characters that could help in proper identification and delimitation of the taxa. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria between August 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Transverse sections of petioles were cut using a rotary microtome and epidermal peels were made. Staining was done using Safranin and slides observed using a light microscope. Results: Stomatal distribution was hypostomatic except for L. velutina and L. edulis with amphistomatic distribution. Three stomata types are found; paracytic occurring in L. velutina, L. edulis and L. egregia, cyclocytic in L. schimperii and L. microcarpa and anomocytic in L. kerstingii and L. acida. Stomata index vary among taxa with L. egregia and L. acida having the highest (22.43%) and lowest (12.17%) respectively. The epidermal cell shape was polygonal in all the species and anticlinal wall patterns were straight to slightly curved. Unicellular/multicellular uniseriate trichomes were observed in L. schimperii, L. egregia and L. kerstingii distinguishing them from other species. Petiole outlines were circular to oval, epidermis was uniseriate and vascular bundles are collateral. Presence of continuous sclerenchyma rings surrounding the vascular bundles in L. kerstingii and L. microcarpa serve as a distinguishing character. Other distinguishing characters are presence of crystals, druses and phenolic idioblasts. A taxonomic key was produced using the anatomical character as an aid to the identification of the species. Conclusion: Variations observed in the stomata types, petiole outline, petiole vasculature type, trichome type and stomata index could be employed for species identification and delimitation.

Anatomy, palynology and nutlet micromorphology of Turkish endemic Teucrium sandrasicum (Lamiaceae)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhittin Dinç ◽  
Ahmet Duran ◽  
Münevver Pinar ◽  
Meryem Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Palisade Layer ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

AbstractIn this study, the anatomical features of the leaf and stem, besides the pollen and nutlet characteristics of Teucrium sandrasicum are investigated. T. sandrasicum, belonging to sect. Teucrium, is an endemic perennial herb growing on serpentine around Muğla province. The anatomical studies on T. sandrasicum revealed that the stem shares the general characteristics of the Labiatae family. The leaves clearly exhibit xeromorphy due to features such as the distribution of stomata on the lower surface (hipostomatic), the occurrence of guard cells below the epidermis (xeromorphic type), inrolled margins, thick cuticle layer, thick outer epidermal cell wall, a high density of trichomes and thick palisade layer of the mesophyll. The anatomical studies showed that the upper epidermal cells of the leaf include many spherocrystals. The pollen grains are prolate, medium in size, 3-colpate with verrucate ornamentation. The nutlets are ellipsoid with a reticulate-verrucate surface. The results have proven that T. sandrasicum is different from the other species of the sect. Teucrium because of the branched trichomes on the stem and the lack of eglandular trichomes on the nutlets.

scholarly journals Contrasting controls on Congo Basin evaporation at the two rainfall peaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crowhurst ◽  
Simon Dadson ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
Richard Washington
Keyword(s):  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Main Component

AbstractEvaporation is a crucial driver of Congo Basin climate, but the dynamics controlling the seasonality of basin evaporation are not well understood. This study aims to discover why evaporation on the basin-wide average is lower at the November rainfall peak than the March rainfall peak, despite similar rainfall. Using 16-year mean LandFlux-EVAL data, we find that evaporation is lower in November than March in the rainforest and the eastern savannah. The ERA5-Land reanalysis, which effectively reproduces this pattern, shows that transpiration is the main component responsible for lower evaporation in these regions. Using ERA5-Land, we find the following contrasting controls on transpiration, and therefore evaporation, at the two rainfall peaks: (a) In the northern rainforest, there is lower leaf area index (LAI) in November, driven by lower surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR), and lower vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in November, driven by lower sensible heat flux that results from lower net radiation. The combination of lower LAI and VPD explains lower transpiration, and therefore lower evaporation, in November. (b) In the southern rainforest, and in the north-eastern savannah, there is lower LAI in November, driven by lower surface DSR, and this explains lower transpiration, and therefore lower evaporation, in November. (c) In the south-eastern savannah, there is lower LAI in November, driven by lower volumetric water content (VWC), and this explains lower transpiration, and therefore lower evaporation, in November. Collectively, these contrasting controls at the two rainfall peaks explain why the basin-wide average evaporation is lower in November than March.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of the Concentration of Bivalent Basic Cations in Surface Water of the National Nature Reserve Čičov Oxbow

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Noskovič ◽  
Mária Babošová ◽  
Jana Ivanič Porhajašová
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Basic Cations

Abstract During the years 2013–2014, the concentrations of bivalent basic cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were evaluated in the water of the Čičov tributary, which belongs to the National Nature Reserve of the basin of the river Danube. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be stated that the average concentration of calcium for the whole reference period was 59.63 mg.dm−3. Minimum average concentration depending on the time of sampling was found in November (48.42 mg.dm−3) and maximum in July (70.73 mg.dm−3). We assume that this above average concentrations in the summer could be due to the lower surface of the water due to higher evaporation. Depending on the places of sampling points, the lowest average concentration (58.10 mg.dm−3) for the whole reference period was at the mouth of the Čilizian brook and the top (60.32 mg.dm−3) in the first side shoulder. The analysis of variance detected highly statistically significant effect of the year and month of collection on changes in the concentration of calcium. The average concentration of magnesium for the whole reference period was 14.54 mg.dm−3. As for the time of collection, the highest average concentrations for the entire observation period were found during the summer, with the maximum average concentration in July (16.94 mg.dm−3) and minimum in February (10.81 mg.dm−3). The lowest average magnesium concentration for the entire reference period, regarding to the sampling points, was measured in the north-eastern part of the nature reserve (14.28 mg.dm−3) and the highest one at the mouth of the Čilizian brook into the National Nature Reserve (14.72 mg.dm−3).

Bionomics of the Tea Red Spider, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner)

1959 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Das
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Oligonychus Coffeae ◽  
North Eastern India

The red spider, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietn.), is the most widely distributed and probably also the most serious pest of tea in north-eastern India, and also occurs on tea in other parts of India and in other countries. It attacks jute, Corchorus capsularis, in India and has been recorded on a wide variety of other plants in India and other countries.The life-history of O. coffeae in north-eastern India is described. The duration of the life-cycle varies with the season depending on the temperature and humidity.In May and June the life-cycle is completed in 9·4–12 days outdoors, while in the cold weather it may take as much as 28 days. The maximum length of life of a female has been found to be 29 days indoors. The males usually die within four or five days. Parthenogenetic reproduction may take place under induced conditions, the progeny being all males.Red spider normally attacks the upper surface of the mature leaves in which the sap is not flowing freely. In a severe infestation, particularly under conditions of dry weather, the lower surface and the young leaves are almost equally attacked. The affected leaves turn brown, then bronze, and may eventually dry up and fall off.The red spider mites live under a cover of web that they spin as a protection against inclement weather. The pest occurs in severe form from March to June but with the monsoon rains it practically disappears. A second, light, attack may, however, develop in September or October.During the cold weather, the mites are present in very small numbers on a few old leaves of the tea bushes, and with the rise in temperature in the spring, they multiply rapidly, resulting in subsequent heavy infestations.Various factors influence the incidence of red spider and the intensity of its attack. Pruned bushes properly cleaned out are less affected. Bushes defoliated after pruning, and medium pruned tea remain practically unaffectsd. Prolonged dry weather during the early part of the flushing season normally increases the red spider incidence. It prefers bright sun and unshaded areas are more severely attacked.The red spider spreads from bush to bush by crawling. Dispersal is also effected by various agencies such as wind, cattle, goats and labourers.A number of predatory insects attack eggs and other stages of the red spider, often keeping it considerably in check.

Ultrastructure of the soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
J. A. Traquair ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Scanning Electron

With the advent of improved dehydration techniques, scanning electron microscopy has become routine in anatomical studies of fungi. Fine structure of hyphae and spore surfaces has been illustrated for many hyphomycetes, and yet, the ultrastructure of the ubiquitous soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus (Link) Sigler & Carmichael has been neglected. This presentation shows that scanning and transmission electron microscopical data must be correlated in resolving septal structure and conidial release in G. pannorus.Although it is reported to be cellulolytic but not keratinolytic, G. pannorus is found on human skin, animals, birds, mushrooms, dung, roots, and frozen meat in addition to various organic soils. In fact, it readily adapts to growth at low temperatures.

Improved 3-D reconstruction using stereo computer graphics and multiple tilt EM images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 630-631
Author(s):  
Lee D. Peachey ◽  
Lou Fodor ◽  
John C. Haselgrove ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn ◽  
Junqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
High Performance Computer

Stereo pairs of electron microscope images provide valuable visual impressions of the three-dimensional nature of specimens, including biological objects. Beyond this one seeks quantitatively accurate models and measurements of the three dimensional positions and sizes of structures in the specimen. In our laboratory, we have sought to combine high resolution video cameras with high performance computer graphics systems to improve both the ease of building 3D reconstructions and the accuracy of 3D measurements, by using multiple tilt images of the same specimen tilted over a wider range of angles than can be viewed stereoscopically. Ultimately we also wish to automate the reconstruction and measurement process, and have initiated work in that direction.Figure 1 is a stereo pair of 400 kV images from a 1 micrometer thick transverse section of frog skeletal muscle stained with the Golgi stain. This stain selectively increases the density of the transverse tubular network in these muscle cells, and it is this network that we reconstruct in this example.

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