scholarly journals On Determination of Pollution in Urban Junction, Caused by Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Asllan Hajderi ◽  
Shkelqim Gjevori
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Vehicle Speed

In this study, given the determination of the pollution quantity from vehicles in an urbanjunction in order to reduce the pollution level and fuel. The pollution caused by vehicles,it is taken based on production years within the EC directives. Types of vehiclescirculating are determined based on vehicles state, divided by production years and thetype of engine.For urban junction with roundabout "Zogu Zi", they are performed measurements ofvehicles number, that move in an hour, describing way with slowly and relevant time. Forthis junction it is calculated vehicle speed at the junction and pollution quantity isconverted to g/min and then it is determined the pollution quantity per hour for existingstate of vehicles divided into 5 groups, according to pollution level. For practicalapplication, only vehicles manufactured after 2000 in circulation, it results that can beachieved a pollution reduction at the junction up to 3 times. To realize this, it is proposedthe removal of customs duty for vehicles manufactured after 2001 and establishment ofadditional environmental tax, proportional to the pollution degree for vehicles incirculation.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Quantification of interferences of wet chemical HONO LOPAP measurements under simulated polar conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 6813-6822 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kleffmann ◽  
P. Wiesen
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Alpine Research ◽  
Absorption Photometer ◽  
Present Pilot Study ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. In the present pilot study, an optimized LOPAP instrument (LOng Path Absorption Photometer) for the detection of nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere (DL 0.2 pptV) was tested at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch at 3580 m altitude in the Swiss Alps under conditions comparable to polar regions. HONO concentrations in the range <0.5–50 pptV with an average of 7.5 pptV were observed at the Jungfraujoch. The diurnal profiles obtained exhibited clear maxima at noon and minima with very low concentration during the night supporting the proposed photochemical production of HONO. In good agreement with recent measurements at the South Pole, it was demonstrated, that interferences of chemical HONO instruments can significantly influence the measurements and lead to considerable overestimations, especially for low pollution level. Accordingly, the active correction of interferences is of paramount importance for the determination of reliable HONO data.

scholarly journals Determination of Pollution Level of Yuvarlak Stream (Koycegiz-Mugla) by Using Benthic Macro Invertebrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201
Author(s):  
E. Tarik Topkara ◽  
Murat Ozbek ◽  
Ayse Tasdemir ◽  
Seray Yildiz ◽  
Suleyman Balik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Level

scholarly journals Control Study of Siret River Quality in Pascani County Area and Estimation of Its Pollution Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Zaharia ◽  
Iuliana Radu
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Town Area ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The study presents some authors’ experimental results for determination of some quality indicators (few general, specific and toxic physical-chemical indicators) analyzed at the beginning of summer season (June, 2013), in three control sections of Siret River in Pascani town area (i.e. Lunca-Pascani entrance, 1 km-upstream, and 1 km-downstream of Pascani bridge, respectively). The real pollution status of Siret River in Pascani town area is also estimated by the global pollution index (I* GP), and corresponds to values between 3.215-3.891 indicating ‘an aquatic environment modified by domestic and economic activities alongside the river with generation of stress effect against life forms’.

scholarly journals The Benefit Impact of Air Pollution Reduction Through ATCS Implementation at Intersections

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo ◽  
Haryono Setiyo Huboyo ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Samadikun
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

The field study in five intersections that had ATCS, such as Krapyak, Tugu Muda, Polda, Bangkong and Fatmawati were done to investigate the effectivity of air pollution reduction. The study was done by estimating the differences between the vehicle speed due to the cycle duration of green light by field observation and video recording in each intersection. In five intersections that had been observed, the percentage of fuel consumption savings for two-wheeled vehicles were between 15 – 18%, meanwhile for four-wheel vehicles were between 30 – 46%. Based on the calculation that adopt the emission factor from CORINAIR and USEPA emission, the emission reduction based on pollutant types were TSP (12-17%), NOx (22-36%), CO (15-25%), HC (16-28%) and SO2 (22-35%). The result to the vehicles' speed that passed the intersections through ATCS has also indicated that the ATCS could increase vehicle speed and consequently reduce the emission.

Nuclear Activation Techniques for Heavy Metal Pollutants

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
R.E. Jervis ◽  
B. Tiefenbach ◽  
W. LePage ◽  
J-L Debrun
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Water System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Fish Samples

Abstract The sensitive radioactivation analysis technique has considerable scope for application in environmental studies. In this paper the use of the applied nuclear method for the determination of nanogram to microgram quantities of several toxic metals (such as F, As, Se, Cd, Hg and Th) in environmental materials, is reported. In typical analyses, samples 0.05 to 0.5 grams in weight have been irradiated for periods up to 50 hours in the McMaster Reactor at approximately 1013 neutrons/cm2 sec thermal neutron flux. With certain samples the identification and determination of trace metal has been accomplished quickly and with high sensitivity by the use of instrumental or non-destructive g-ray spectrometry, while in certain other samples containing metals at lower concentrations, the analysis was facilitated by the use of a few radiochemical separation steps. The mercury content of fish samples taken from various water bodies in Ontario and elsewhere has been determined in the concentration range from 0.01 to 2 ppm. The levels found have been tentatively related to the particular species of fish and their feeding habits as well as to the pollution level in the water system. Similar pollution levels of Se and As have been determined in areas suspected of industrial pollution, and hair activation analyses have been used to monitor human ingestion of these and other toxic metals. A novel on-stream method for the detection of trace levels of metals such as Th and U is also outlined and its application to water pollutants such as P is discussed.

ASSESSMENT OF THE THREAT OF COLLISION OF AN UNMANNED VEHICLE WITH OTHER VEHICLES BY LASER LOCATION INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
K. V. Obrosov ◽  
V. Ya. Kim ◽  
V. M. Lisitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Beam Laser ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Range Determination

The problems of using two-beam Laser Locators (LL) on Unmanned Vehicles (UV) are analyzed. The article discusses the solution to the problem of automatic assessment of the possibility of collision of a UV with other traffic participants based on information generated by the LL. LL performs controlled scanning of the road surface at a given distance from the vehicle. To generate the error signal in the tilt angle control loop, a special filtering of the correction sequence is applied. Such filtering eliminates numerous outliers and forms a sample of correction values that do not lead to abrupt changes in the road sensing range. The modeling of the system is performed, the adequacy of which is due to the results of the conducted field experiments with a real LL. It is shown that the threat of collision arises if the vehicle speed is in a certain (dangerous) interval, the boundaries of which are functions of the following arguments: – the angle between the tangents to the trajectories of the UV and the vehicle during the LL measurements “angle-angle-range”; – distances between the UV and the vehicle at the same time interval. Tasks solved: – estimates of the angle and distances between the UV and the vehicle based on the current LL measurements “angle-angle-range”; – determination of the boundaries of the dangerous range of vehicle speeds at known UV speeds and dimensions of the UV and vehicle; – estimation of the vehicle speed according to LL measurements “angle-angle-range”. Simulation methods were used to determine the accuracy of estimates of the boundaries of the vehicle speeds dangerous range, which made it possible to create an algorithm for warning about a possible collision.

scholarly journals Traffic Noise Assessment at Residential Areas in Skudai, Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
F.S. Sulaiman ◽  
N. Darus ◽  
N. Mashros ◽  
Z. Haron ◽  
K. Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Noise Assessment

Vehicles passing by on roadways in residential areas may produce unpleasant traffic noise that affects the residents. This paper presents the traffic noise assessment of three selected residential areas located in Skudai, Johor. The objectives of this study are to evaluate traffic characteristics at selected residential areas, determine related noise indices, and assess impact of traffic noise. Traffic characteristics such as daily traffic volume and vehicle speed were evaluated using automatic traffic counter (ATC). Meanwhile, noise indices like equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq), noise level exceeded 10% (L10) and 90% (L90) of measurement time were determined using sound level meter (SLM). Besides that, traffic noise index (TNI) and noise pollution level (LNP) were calculated based on the measured noise indices. The results showed an increase in noise level of 60 to 70 dBA maximum due to increase in traffic volume. There was also a significant change in noise level of more than 70 dBA even though average vehicle speed did not vary significantly. Nevertheless, LAeq, TNI, and LNP values for all sites during daytime were lower than the maximum recommended levels. Thus, residents in the three studied areas were not affected in terms of quality of life and health.

scholarly journals An Analytical Framework for Accurate Traffic Flow Parameter Calculation from UAV Aerial Videos

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3844
Author(s):  
Ivan Brkić ◽  
Mario Miler ◽  
Marko Ševrović ◽  
Damir Medak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Flow Parameters

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) represent easy, affordable, and simple solutions for many tasks, including the collection of traffic data. The main aim of this study is to propose a new, low-cost framework for the determination of highly accurate traffic flow parameters. The proposed framework consists of four segments: terrain survey, image processing, vehicle detection, and collection of traffic flow parameters. The testing phase of the framework was done on the Zagreb bypass motorway. A significant part of this study is the integration of the state-of-the-art pre-trained Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) for vehicle detection. Moreover, the study includes detailed explanations about vehicle speed estimation based on the calculation of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Faster R-CNN was pre-trained on Common Objects in COntext (COCO) images dataset, fine-tuned on 160 images, and tested on 40 images. A dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver was used for the determination of spatial resolution. This approach to data collection enables extraction of trajectories for an individual vehicle, which consequently provides a method for microscopic traffic flow parameters in detail analysis. As an example, the trajectories of two vehicles were extracted and the comparison of the driver’s behavior was given by speed—time, speed—space, and space—time diagrams.

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