scholarly journals Bioprospecting and biodiversity investigations of endophytic fungi isolated from Juniperus communis

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Aruna Vigneshwari ◽  
Biljana D. Škrbić ◽  
László Kredics ◽  
Lubna Abbas ◽  
László Bakacsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Endophytes are a group of highly diverse microorganisms that reside within plant tissues without causing obvious symptoms on the host. In our study, Juniperus communis samples were collected from Hungary and used for the isolation of endophytic fungal strains. From 240 plant samples, 76 fungal isolates were recovered and subcultured for homogeneity. The isolates were identified using molecular taxonomical tools at the genus level and their biodiversity parameters were determined. The taxonomic diversity of the isolates was remarkably high, and the most abundant genera were Fusarium, Alternaria and Trichoderma. The secondary metabolites produced by the isolated endophytic fungi were extracted both from their mycelia and their ferment broth and their antimicrobial activities were tested against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. In the antimicrobial tests, a total of 58 strains showed antimicrobial activity against at least one test organism. Altogether, 6.67% of the isolates have antibacterial effects with wide spectrum, and 10 strains showed remarkably high inhibitory percentage against yeast, while the extracts of 11 isolates proved to be active against filamentous fungi.

scholarly journals Wide-Spectrum Biomimetic Antimicrobial Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Weinkauf ◽  
Byron Brehm-Stecher
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Polymers ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Natural Peptides ◽  
D Value

<p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effective components of the host immune response and are widely distributed throughout nature. Recently, nontoxic antimicrobial polymers that mimic the structures of naturally occurring AMPs have been designed and are under development commercially as novel therapeutics. These compounds have several potential advantages over natural AMPs, including greater stability and reduced immunogenicity compared to natural peptides, relatively simple and scalable syntheses and the ability to tailor or &ldquo;fine tune&rdquo; their activities through combinatorial approaches. In previous work, we demonstrated the utility of certain generally regarded as safe (GRAS) flavorant and aroma compounds as enhancers of uptake and activity of clinically important antibiotics (Brehm-Stecher and Johnson, 2003). Here, we have extended this approach to include enhancement of biomimetic antimicrobial polymers. Three low molecular weight (&lt;1,000D), broad-spectrum arylamide polymers (PolyMedix, Inc., Radnor, PA) were examined for their antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi, both alone and when co-administered with sesquiterpenoid enhancers. Assay formats included disk diffusion, automated turbidimetry, time course (kinetic) plating of antimicrobial-treated cell suspensions, outer membrane assays with 1 -N-phenylnaphthyl-amine (NPN) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although results differed according to the polymer and test organism used, treatments containing sesquiterpenoids were marked either by increased ZOIs, decreased MICs or more rapid inactivation when compared with polymer-only treatments. Antimicrobial activity, expressed as decimal reduction times (D-value) showed that after 5 min the combination of sesquiterpenoid and polymer were significantly different from the controls (p&lt;0.05) with a D-value of 3.92 min when incubated with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.&nbsp; Collectively, our results indicate that the combination of sesquiterpenoid enhancing agents with biomimetic antimicrobial polymers shows promise for the development of new, faster-acting and more broadly effective antimicrobial therapies.</p>

scholarly journals Highlighting the Biotechnological Potential of Deep Oceanic Crust Fungi through the Prism of Their Antimicrobial Activity

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Maxence Quemener ◽  
Marie Dayras ◽  
Nicolas Frotté ◽  
Stella Debaets ◽  
Christophe Le Meur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Among the different tools to address the antibiotic resistance crisis, bioprospecting in complex uncharted habitats to detect novel microorganisms putatively producing original antimicrobial compounds can definitely increase the current therapeutic arsenal of antibiotics. Fungi from numerous habitats have been widely screened for their ability to express specific biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Here, a collection of unique 75 deep oceanic crust fungi was screened to evaluate their biotechnological potential through the prism of their antimicrobial activity using a polyphasic approach. After a first genetic screening to detect specific BGCs, a second step consisted of an antimicrobial screening that tested the most promising isolates against 11 microbial targets. Here, 12 fungal isolates showed at least one antibacterial and/or antifungal activity (static or lytic) against human pathogens. This analysis also revealed that Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis CIP A 186 were the most impacted, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A specific focus on three fungal isolates allowed us to detect interesting activity of crude extracts against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, complementary mass spectrometry (MS)-based molecular networking analyses were performed to putatively assign the fungal metabolites and raise hypotheses to link them to the observed antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Isolation and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungi from Edgeworthia chrysantha

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huawei Zhang ◽  
Chuanfeng Ruan ◽  
Xuelian Bai
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus

<p>Ten fungal strains isolated from <em>Edgeworthia chrysantha</em>, one of traditional medicinal plants in China, were evaluated their antimicrobial activities against three human pathogens, <em>Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans</em>, and two phytopathogens, <em>Rhizoctonia cerealis</em> and <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>. The results indicated that most ethyl acetate extracts of fermentation broth of these fungal endophytes had stronger antimicrobial activities than their fermentation broth. Among these endophytic strains, both fermentation broth and the ethyl acetate extract of strain D showed the strongest inhibitory effects on all pathogens. Strains 5-19 and BZ also exhibited potent antibacterial activities. However, other strains had weak or no antimicrobial effect. This was the first report on the isolation and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungi from <em>E. chrysantha</em>.   </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activities of novel double-armed benzo-15-crown-5 and their sodium and potassium complexes

2020 ◽  
pp. 174751982093226
Author(s):  
Öznur Şener Cemaloğlu ◽  
Hatice Ogutcu ◽  
Zeliha Hayvalı
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Crown Ether ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
C Nmr

New aldehyde- and halogen- (Cl, Br, I) substituted double-armed benzo-15-crown-5 derivatives are synthesized by the reactions of 4′,5′-bis(bromomethyl)benzo-15-crown-5 with 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde, or 5-iodosalicylaldehyde. The sodium and potassium complexes are obtained by reaction of crown ether with sodium perchlorate and potassium iodide, respectively. Novel Schiff base compounds containing three groups of benzo-15-crown-5 are obtained from the condensation of aldehydes with 4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5. The structures of all compounds are elucidated by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectra. The antifungal and antibacterial effects of the synthesized ligands are evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms and show varying degrees of inhibitory effects against the growth of different pathogenic strains. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of white cabbage extract on the quality and shelf life of raw beef during refrigerated storage

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41430-41442
Author(s):  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Kandasamy Saravanakumar ◽  
Jong-Rae Kim ◽  
Daesang Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Cabbage Extract ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Quality And Shelf Life

Brassica vegetables are well-characterized, containing a wide-spectrum of phenolic compounds that are responsible for their diverse biological activities like antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Fungal Endophytes of Vitis vinifera—Plant Growth Promotion Factors

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Markéta Kulišová ◽  
Maria Vrublevskaya ◽  
Petra Lovecká ◽  
Blanka Vrchotová ◽  
Milena Stránská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Source

Endophytes are microorganisms that live asymptomatically inside plant tissues. They are beneficial to their host in many aspects, especially as a defense against foreign phytopathogens through the production of a variety of metabolites. These substances can serve as sources of new natural products for medicinal, agricultural, and industrial purposes. This article is focused on endophytic fungi from Vitis vinifera. The purpose of the research was their isolation and identification during the Vitis vinifera growing season. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for the production of biotechnologically interesting metabolites (siderophores, antioxidants, and antifungal compounds). In total, 24 endophytic fungi were isolated, the most represented genus was Cladosporium sp. The results of the test for antioxidant and antifungal properties, as well as siderophore production, have shown that the population of Vitis vinifera endophytic microscopic fungi could serve as a promising source of metabolites with a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals A Critical Review on Communication Mechanism within Plant-Endophytic Fungi Interactions to Cope with Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lu ◽  
Tianyu Wei ◽  
Hanghang Lou ◽  
Xiaoli Shu ◽  
Qihe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress

Endophytic fungi infect plant tissues by evading the immune response, potentially stimulating stress-tolerant plant growth. The plant selectively allows microbial colonization to carve endophyte structures through phenotypic genes and metabolic signals. Correspondingly, fungi develop various adaptations through symbiotic signal transduction to thrive in mycorrhiza. Over the past decade, the regulatory mechanism of plant-endophyte interaction has been uncovered. Currently, great progress has been made on plant endosphere, especially in endophytic fungi. Here, we systematically summarize the current understanding of endophytic fungi colonization, molecular recognition signal pathways, and immune evasion mechanisms to clarify the transboundary communication that allows endophytic fungi colonization and homeostatic phytobiome. In this work, we focus on immune signaling and recognition mechanisms, summarizing current research progress in plant-endophyte communication that converge to improve our understanding of endophytic fungi.

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