scholarly journals Mycorrhizal inoculation of onion (Allium cepa l.) in the early developement stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Katalin Fekete ◽  
Renáta Honfi ◽  
Zoltán Pap
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

The onion (Allium cepa) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables. As a food item, it is usually served cooked, as a vegetable or part of a prepared savoury dish, but can also be eaten raw or used to make pickles or chutneys. Mycorrhiza fungi are special fungi, which live in connection with plant roots. These are symbiotic fungi which have three main types: arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), ectomycorrhiza and ectendomycorrhiza. AM are probably the most widespread plant symbionts and are formed by 80–90% of land plant species. Crops inoculated with AM have higher yield and quality, and those plants react to stress factors better (e.g. drought, high temperature). Several Allium spp. responded with growth promotion on AM inoculation. According to studies AM fungi also has a positive effect on nutrient content. The aim of our experiment was to find an appropriate method for inoculation of onion seedlings, and define the minimum time for the appearance of symbiosis under greenhouse conditions. The experiment took place at Szent István University Faculty of Horticultural Science, at the experimental glasshouse of the Department of Vegetable and Mushroom growing, from 11th September 2017. We used Daytona F1 onion seeds, the media was Latagro KB2 type peat and two types of mycorrhizal products: MycoGrow and Aegis Irriga. The experiment was made with 12 treatments with 30-30 seeds per each treatment. During the experiment, chemically treated and non-treated seeds were used. The seedlings were sampled 5, 7 and 14 weeks after sowing, 5-5 seedlings from each treatment per time. Altogether 96 painted and prepared samples were checked, each with 3-3 roots with a Zeiss Axio Imager A2 microscope. The results showed the appearance of mycorrhizal fungi in a few treatments. In our examination not only typical AM fungi were found, but also in a treatment we found hyphaes with big amount of septas. The results show opportunity of artificially infecting transplants after a few weeks with mycorrhizal products. However, continuing the experiment is necessary with some modification of the factors, to make the procedure more effective.

scholarly journals Influence of AM fungi inoculation on Capsicum annuum L. plant grown in microwave-sterilized media

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Aulia Brellian Pratama ◽  
Wibowo Mangunwardoyo ◽  
Nicholas Dwi Chandra ◽  
Toga Pangihotan Napitupulu ◽  
Idris Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Microwave Sterilization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Chili Peppers

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal in soil may affect growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). This experiment was done to know the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of chilli. Microwave soil sterilization was used to reduce the number of microbes in the media, enabling to observe the interaction between chili peppers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A single culture products (A) and mixed culture products (B) were used as arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. In contrast to product A, the spore counted calculation reported that product B had the most spores, with 51 spores / 50 g soil. The treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microwave sterilization against the height of chili plant had no significant effect, according to a two-factor ANOVA (α: 0.05) analysis of agronomic characteristics. Inoculation of mycorrhizae had a significant effect on chili plant height. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and microwave sterilization had significant effect on the root length of chili plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in single and mixed cultures could colonize roots by forming internal hyphae, vesicles, and spores. The best way to support the growth of chili plants is to use planting media that has not been sterilized and contains mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals A review of the interaction of medicinal plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12454
Author(s):  
Rui-Ting SUN ◽  
Ze-Zhi ZHANG ◽  
Nong ZHOU ◽  
A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
Kamil KUČA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clinical Drugs

Medicinal plants are well known to have the advantages of high concentration of medicinal ingredients having clinical importance, curative value, small toxic and side effects. Important compounds viz., paclitaxel, camptothecin, and vincristine have been developed from medicinal plants as first-line of clinical drugs, leading to their consistently increasing demand globally. However, the destruction of natural environment due to excessive mining threatened such resources jeopardizing the successful growing of medicinal plants. A group of beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is known to exist in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants, which can establish a reciprocal symbiosis with their roots, namely arbuscular mycorrhizas. These AM fungi are pivotal in the habitat adaptation of medicinal plants. Studies have demonstrated that AM fungi aided in growth promotion and nutrient absorption of medicinal plants, thereby, accelerating the accumulation of medicinal ingredients and aiding resistance against abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature, and salinity. An AM-like fungus Piriformospora indica is known to be cultured in vitro without roots, later showed analogous effects of AM fungi on medicinal plants. These fungi provide new mechanistic pathways towards the artificial cultivation of medicinal plants loaded with ingredients in huge demand in international market. This review provides an overview of the diversity of AM fungi inhabiting the rhizosphere of medicinal plants, and analyzes the functioning of AM fungi and P. indica, coupled with future lines of research.

Mycorrhizal fungi

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anwar Maun
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal fungi (mycobionts) form a ubiquitous mutualistic symbiotic association with the roots of higher plants (phytobionts) in coastal sand dunes worldwide. These obligate biotrophs perform vital functions in the survival, establishment and growth of plants by playing an active role in nutrient cycling. As such they serve as a crucial link between plants, fungi and soil at the soil–root interface (Rillig and Allen 1999). Mycorrhizas occur in a wide variety of habitats and ecosystems including aquatic habitats, cold or hot deserts, temperate and tropical coastal dunes, tropical rainforests, saline soils, volcanic tephra soils, prairies and coral substrates (Klironomos and Kendrick 1993). Simon et al. (1993) sequenced ribosomal DNA genes from 12 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and confirmed that mycorrhizas (fungal roots) fall into three families. He estimated that they originated about 353–462 million years ago and were instrumental in facilitating the colonization of ancient plants on land. Further evidence was provided by Remy et al. (1994) who discovered arbuscules in an early Devonian land plant, Aglaophyton major, and concluded that mycorrhizal fungi were already established on land > 400 million years ago. Thus the nutrient transfer mechanism of AM fungi was already in existence before the origin of roots. Plant roots probably evolved from rhizomes and AM fungi served as an important evolutionary step in the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients (Brundrett 2002). Over evolutionary time the divergence among these fungi has accompanied the radiation of land plants, and about 200 species of AM fungi have been recognized (Klironomos and Kendrick 1993) that exist in association with about 300 000 plant species in 90% of families (Smith and Read 1997), indicating that AM fungi are capable of colonizing many host species. Approximately 150 of the described mycorrhizal species may occur in sand dunes (Koske et al. 2004). Most host–fungus associations are beneficial to both the plant and the fungus and are thus regarded as mutualistic (++); however, the widespread use of the term mutualism (mutual benefit) for mycorrhizal interactions has been questioned because all associations are not beneficial to both the plant and fungus (Brundrett 2004).

scholarly journals Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pesticides on Cynara cardunculus growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MARIN ◽  
M. YBARRA ◽  
A. FÉ
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Wild Cardoon ◽  
Glomus Sp

Wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a promising crop for biomass production. A nursery trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation on the biomass yield of wild cardoon seedlings and the effect of the pesticides fosetyl-Al, folpet and propamocarb, as fungicides, and isofenphos, phoxim and oxamyl, as insecticides, on cardoon plant growth and the mycorrhization. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inocula were: commercial inoculum with Glomus mosseae spores, and an inoculum of a Glomus sp. strain (AMF-i) isolated locally. Mycorrhizal inoculation with either inoculum increased cardoon shoot biomass compared to non-inoculated control plants. The pesticide applications had a neutral or positive effect on cardoon seedling growth. However, the AM fungi colonisation did not decrease except for plants colonised by G. mosseae and treated with the insecticides isofenphos and oxamyl. Thus, the mycorrhiza can survive to pesticide concentrations employed in commercial nursery, and enhance cardoon plant productivity.

scholarly journals Influence of drought and salt stress on the growth of young Populus nigra ‘Italica’ plants and associated mycorrhizal fungi and non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes

New Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kulczyk-Skrzeszewska ◽  
Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractPopulus nigra ‘Italica’ (Lombardy poplar) is a breeding cultivar of black poplar, widely used as a street tree or windbreak, often exposed to salinity and limited water availability. Populus roots can develop dual mycorrhizal associations with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and with non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes (FE). The symbiotic fungi may alleviate the effects of adverse environmental conditions. We investigated the performance (growth and symbiotic associations) of one-year-old Populus nigra ‘Italica’ grown from woody cuttings in soil from natural poplar habitat and subjected to water scarcity and soil salinity (50 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl, 250 mM NaCl). With increasing soil salinity, a decrease in the growth parameters of the aboveground parts of the poplar plantlets and their fine roots were found; however, the roots were more resistant to the stress factors analyzed than the shoots. ECMF, AMF, and non-mycorrhizal FE were all tolerant to increased salt levels in the soil, and the ECM abundance was significantly higher under conditions of mild salinity (50 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl) compared to the control plants and those treated with 250 mM NaCl. Our results indicated that enhanced soil salinity increased the content of sodium and chlorine in leaves, but did not affect significantly the concentrations potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, or nitrogen. Significant accumulation of proline in leaves suggest salt stress of P. nigra ‘Italica’ treated with 250 mM NaCl and contribution of proline to the plant defense reactions.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi onCapsicumspp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. P. PEREIRA ◽  
I. J. C. VIEIRA ◽  
M. S. M. FREITAS ◽  
C. L. PRINS ◽  
M. A. MARTINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

SUMMARYThe benefits of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield and nutrition of plants are well documented. However, mycorrhiza use in pepper and sweet pepper crops (Capsicumspp.) is still rarely exploited compared to other crops of economic importance. The current paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plants of pepper and sweet pepper. It includes topics about the effects of AM fungi on nutrition, growth and yield inCapsicumspp., paying particular attention to AM fungi–pathogen interactions, responses to some environmental stresses, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects of AM fungi–plant interaction inCapsicum annuumL.

scholarly journals Does Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce Trunk Disease in Grapevine Rootstocks?

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Holland ◽  
Patricia Bowen ◽  
Vasilis Kokkoris ◽  
Jose Ramon Urbez-Torres ◽  
Miranda Hart
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Root Pathogens ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Ilyonectria is a weak pathogen known for causing black foot disease in young vines, infecting roots and vascular tissues at the basal end of the rootstock and restricting the movement of water and nutrients. This negatively impacts vine establishment during transplant into the vineyard. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are symbiotic fungi that associate with most plants and have been shown to mitigate the infection and effect of pathogens. This greenhouse study was designed to determine if the mycorrhizal fungi could mitigate Ilyonectria infection and whether this was dependent on inoculation timing. ‘Riparia gloire’ grapevine rootstocks (Vitis riparia) were infected with Ilyonectria either after AM fungi, at the same time as AM fungi, or to roots that were not inoculated by AM fungi. We measured the abundance using specific markers for both the pathogen and AM fungi. Colonization by AM fungi did not suppress Ilyonectria, but instead increased the abundance of Ilyonectria. Further, mycorrhizal rootstocks did not have enhanced growth effects on physiological parameters when compared to non-mycorrhizal rootstocks. These findings stand in contrast to the general perception that AM fungi provide protection against root pathogens.

scholarly journals Function of organic matter (green manure) and the effect on soil properties

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya ◽  
K Shrestha ◽  
H Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Trees and shrubs on the lower hillsides in Nepal form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and these fungi are important for the uptake of mineral nutrients from the soil and the mycelia formed by the fungi have an important function in stabilizing the soil (Wright and Upadhyaya 1998, Shrestha 1999 and Shrestha Vaidya et.al 2005a). The success of plantations of these eroded slopes is therefore highly dependent on the extent of mycorrhizal colonization of the plants. In this study we have investigated the role organic matter on growth of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in eroded slopes in Nepal such as Chalnakhel, Kathmandu District. Different types of organic matter (leaves of Thitonia diversifolia, Eupatorium adenophorum and Lantana camara) were collected and were shade dried and finally powedered. Nutrient analysis was done of these organic matter and soil of experimental site before plantation and after harvest. Lantana camara was taken for plantation on their nutrient content basis. 100 nursery plants Leuceania diversifolia plantation were done in Chalnakhel . Among these 50 plants with Lantana camara and 50 plants were for control. We investigated the influence of organic matter or P amendments on production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in eroded slopes in Nepal. Organic matter addition enhanced the production of AM fungal biomass as well as number of AM spores. We suggest that the positive influence of such organic matter additions can make an important contribution to plant survival in plantations of eroded slopes in Nepal, and thus to restoration success. Key Words : Organic matters (Lantana camara), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Leuceania diversifolia and Chalnakhel. doi: 10.3126/banko.v17i2.2157 Banko Janakari, Vol. 17, No. 2, 62-69

scholarly journals Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Paramjit Kaur JITE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spacing Pattern ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Pod Number

The present experiment was conducted at University of Pune for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii by incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and conventional system of cultivation with different spacing pattern (15 and 30 cm) in field. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and 30 cm spacing pattern significantly increased growth and yield as compared to control or 15 cm spacing pattern. The pathogenic mycorrhizal groundnut plants in 30 as well as 15 cm spacing pattern showed better growth in terms of plant height, leaf and pod number, fresh and dry weight of whole groundnut plant in comparison to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones and the plant growth was better in 30 spacing than 15 cm. The colonization by AM fungi in both spacing pattern was higher in absence of pathogen S. rolfsii. However, pathogen’s presence decreased the mycorrhizal colonization considerably in 30 and 15 cm. The disease severity and incidence were recorded to be lowered when inoculated with mycorrhiza in pathogenic groundnut plants as compared to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones in both spacing pattern and incidence and severity was significantly lower in 30 cm as compared to 15 cm. Therefore, it was observed from our results that for management of soil-borne pathogens inoculation of AM fungi and spacing patterns are necessary.

scholarly journals Plantago lanceolata growth and Cr uptake after mycorrhizal inoculation in a Cr amended substrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Nogales ◽  
Amparo Cortés ◽  
Konstantinos Velianos ◽  
Amelia Camprubí ◽  
Victoria Estaún ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Cr Uptake ◽  
Cr Contamination

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from two chromium contaminated sites, one with 275 mg kg-1 of Cr (zone A) and the other with 550 mg kg-1 Cr (zone B), were multiplied and tentatively identified. The effect of both fungal consortia on Plantago lanceolata plant growth in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg-1 of Cr and with 400 mg kg-1 Cr was assessed and compared with the growth of plants inoculated with Glomus intraradices BEG72. Only the plants inoculated with G. intraradices BEG72 and with the fungal consortia obtained from the area with a high Cr contamination (zone B) grew in the soil with 400 mg kg-1 of Cr. The consortia of fungi from zone B, decreased the plant’s uptake/translocation of the heavy metal compared with G. intraradices BEG72. These results underscore the differential effect of AM fungi in conferring bioprotection in Cr contaminated soils.

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