CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTITICS OF ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS OLD IN PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF BINH DINH GENERAL HOSPITAL

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Quoc Tinh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Cu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Rotavirus is the most important factor cause of severe diarrhea and mortality in children, especially under 2 years. Objective: To study Clinical and paraclinical characteristitics of rotavirus diarrhea in children less than 5 years old in the Pediatric Department of Binh Dinh General Hospital. Methods: Cross observational study, 417 children from 2 months to 5 years old who were hospitalized for acute diarrhea without blood in stool in Pediatric Department of Binh Dinh general hospital, from 15/3/2012 to 14/3/2013. There were 228 patients with rotavirus - positive stool specimens and 189 patients with rotavirus - negative stool specimens. Tested for rotavirus A classification by agglutination techniques. Results: Percentage of Rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years was 54.7%. The mean age of rotavirus diarrhea was 14.83 ± 9.08 tháng months. Ages with the highest cases of rotavirus diarrhea are 2 - 12 months: 48.2%. Rotavirrus diarrhea is experienced in every month but, the highest prevalence is experienced in the spring - summer) with 71,5%. Clinical characteristitics of rotavirus diarrhea: Vomit presents in 91,7% of cases. 32.9% of the initial symptoms of the disease is vomiting. Mean number of vomiting episodes per day: 7 ± 3.57 times, significantly higher compared with non-rotavirus acute diarrhea (p <0,01). Mean number of bowel movement per day: 10.61±4.18 times, mean duration of diarrhea: 6.66 ± 2.52 days. Younger children have higher frequency and duration of diarrhea compared to older children. Paraclinical characteristitics of rotavirus diarrhea: the mean number leukocyte: 9.74 ±3.61 (x 109/l). 2.2% with low blood sodium status; 8.8% with reduction in serum potassium concentration. 26.3% with low blood calcium and glucose status. Laboratory characteristics of stool: 8.8% with white blood cells in stool, 41.7% with carbohydrate in stool. Conclusion: Rotavirus accounting for 54.7% of the causes of diarrhea in children. Rotavirus diarrhea is experienced throughout the year but the highest prevalence is in the spring-summer. Prominent symptoms of the disease are vomiting and watery stool. Children <24 months experience higher frequency and duration of diarrhea compared to older age groups. Key words: Diarrhea, Rotavirus.

scholarly journals Assessment of Haematology and Carcass Indices of Weaned Grass-Cutters Fed Diet Containing Snail Shell

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Oladele-Bukola, M. O. ◽  
Popoola, Y. A. ◽  
Banjoko, O. J. ◽  
Fayenuwo, O. J. ◽  
Durotoye, E. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Aims: Bone meal and oyster shell are good source of calcium in the diet of livestock but they are expensive hence there is need to look for another source. Snail shell is rich in calcium and could be used to replace other sources of calcium hence the study was designed to determine the effect of inclusion of snail shell (SS) in the diet of grass-cutters on dressing percentage, meat qualities, haematological and serum biochemical indices.  Experimental Design: Completely randomized design was used for the study Place and Duration  of the Study: The study was conducted in the Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria for a period of twelve weeks Methodology: A total of thirty six weaned grass-cutters of mixed sexes of mean weight 523.45±3.6g were used. Four diets were formulated to contain SS at 0% (SS1) as Control, 50% (SS 2), 75% (SS 3) and 100% (SS 4) as replacement for oyster shell in the diet of grass-cutters. Each dietary treatment was replicated thrice with 3 grass-cutters per replicate in a. Data were collected on dressing percentage, heamoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, blood calcium and phosphorus etc. Results: The results of the carcass analysis showed that the dressing percentage was not significantly influenced by substituting oyster shell with snail shell in the diet (P>0.05). The results of Haematological and Biochemical indices indicated that the mean red blood corpuscles of the grasscutters were not significantly different from one another and varied between 5.31 and 5.44 106/µ1 (P>0.05). The mean haemoglobin was not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments, the values varied between 12.23 and 12.57g/dl respectively. The mean globulin, calcium and phosphorus levels of the grass-cutters were not significantly influenced by substituting oyster shell with snail shell. Conclusion: It could be therefore, concluded that carcass qualities and blood indices were not significantly influenced by the inclusion of varying levels of snails shell as partial or total replacement for Oyster shell in the diet of weaned grass-cutter, hence snail shell could be used as substitute for Oyster shell.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Rotavirus diarrhea in children under five: A hospital-based surveillance in Jakarta

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzal Kadim ◽  
Yati Soenarto ◽  
Badriul Hegar ◽  
Agus Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Clear Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background Rotavirus is still a major cause of acute diarrhea in children around the world, both in developed and developingcountries. WHO Surveillance from 2001 to 2008 showed that in children under five years of age treated for acute diarrhea, on average 40% of cases were caused by rotavirus. A previous study in Indonesia showed that the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in children ranged from 20%􀁑60% of diarrhea cases. However, there have been few studies identifying the genotypes of rotavirus strains in Indonesia. This infonnation is indispensable for manufacturing vaccines.Objective To examine the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea, including genotypes and clinical characteristics, in children under five years who were hospitalized in Jakarta.Methods This study was a prospective surveillance conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from January to December 2007 investigating hospitalized children under five years of age who suffered from acute diarrhea.Results Ninety􀁑nine patients joined the study. The incidence of rotavirus infection in this study was 67%. The youngest was 2months of age and the oldest 54 months of age, Mth an average age of 13.6 months. As much as 92% of rota virus diarrhea was found in subjects aged 3􀁑23 months, Mth a peak age of 12􀁑23 months. Nutritional status, degree of dehydration, bloating, fever, blood in stool, and mucus in the feces were not significantly different between rotavirus and non􀁑rotavirus diarrhea. Vomiting tended to be more frequently experienced by children Mth rotavirus diarrhea than those with non􀁑rotavirus (88% vs. 67%). There was no clear, seasonal pattern for rotavirus diarrhea. Most G genotypes in this study were G1 (35%), G9 (12.5%), G2 (7.5%) and the majority of P genotypes were P6 (52.5%), P8 (17.5%) and P4 (10%).Conclusions The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jakarta was 67%, with apredominance ofG1, G9 and G2 genotypes. 

scholarly journals Association between Severe Dehydration in Rotavirus Diarrhea and Exclusive Breastfeeding among Infants at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Prasetyo ◽  
Iesje Martiza Sabaroedin ◽  
Yudith Setiati Ermaya ◽  
Yati Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea in children. Infants who are exclusively breastfed develop fewer infections and have less severe illnesses. This study aimed to determine association between severe dehydration in rotavirus diarrhea and exclusive breastfeeding.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study in infants ≤ 6 months old with acute diarrhea in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Results. From 134 infants ≤ 6 months old with acute diarrhea enrolled from April 2009 to December 2012, there were 88 (65.6%) boys and 46 (34.4%) girls in this study. Rotavirus was detected in 60 (44.8 %), 32 (53.3%) of whom were exclusively breastfed. From rotavirus positive subjects, severe dehydration occurred in 4 (12.6%) exclusively breastfed infants and 6 (21.5%) not exclusively breastfed infants. No significant association was found between severe dehydration and exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.491) in rotavirus diarrhea.Conclusions. In rotavirus diarrhea, there was no significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and severe dehydration.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi Parwata ◽  
Wayan Sukardi ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Yati Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

diarrhea and dehydration among children aged <5 years in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. There have been few studies on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram.Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Mataram.Methods A cross sectional study using the WHO Generic Protocol for Rotavirus Surveillance was conducted in the Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) General Hospital, Mataram, as part of a multicenter study by the Indonesian Rotavirus Surveillance Network (IRSN) for children under five years of age. Subjects were diagnosed with rotavirus diarrhea based on stool sample examinations, using RT-PCR for genotyping. They were admitted to the Pediatrics Ward of the NTB Provincial General Hospital from January to December 2010.Results Of 329 children admitted with acute diarrhea, 210 (63.8%) had rotavirus positive stool specimens. For the year 2010, the highest incidence of rotavirus infection was in the month of January (86.4%). Rotavirus infections were found in children less than 2 years of age (65.4%), with the highest prevalence in the age group of 6 to 23 months (68.5%). In addition to clinical symptoms of watery diarrhea, there was a significantly greater percentage of vomiting in rotaviral vs. non-rotaviral diarrhea (67.7% vs. 32.3%, respectively; P<0.05). The majority of G and P genotypes found were G1 (86%), G2 (12%), P[8] (66%), P[4] (12.8%), and P[6] (8%).Conclusion Rotavirus infections are the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children aged <2 years in Mataram, Indonesia.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF CARETAKERS AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TOWARD TEETHING IN INFANTS

2011 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Binh Bao Son Bui
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Correct Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Objective and methods: a prospective questionnaire based study on 71 parents (caretakers) of consecutive children treated at the Pediatric Department, Hue Central Hospital and on 47 health professionals at the department was conducted from September until December 2009 to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the caretakers, nurses and postgraduated doctors toward teething in infants. Results: Most responders believed that teething causes fever, irritability, feeding problems, drooling, biting, sleep disturbance, swollen gums, crying, lose of appetite for solids; and fever over 38oC was also believed to be associated with teething. The mean eruption time of the first tooth was from 6 months. Most caretakers had normal attitude to manifestations ascribed to teething (54.9%). The most common management to symptoms attributed to teething included increased breast-feeding, oral paracetamol, increased fluid supplying and physician consulting. Conclusion: Correct knowledge to teething in infants need to be educated for parents (caretakers) and even for health professionals. Key words: knowledge, attitude, practices, teething, infants.

scholarly journals Etiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of acute diarrhea in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
◽  
Shi-Xia Zhou ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Qing-Bin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

AbstractNational-based prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute diarrhea was conducted in China between 2009‒2018. Here we report the etiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of the 152,792 eligible patients enrolled in this analysis. Rotavirus A and norovirus are the two leading viral pathogens detected in the patients, followed by adenovirus and astrovirus. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and nontyphoidal Salmonella are the two leading bacterial pathogens, followed by Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Patients aged <5 years had higher overall positive rate of viral pathogens, while bacterial pathogens were more common in patients aged 18‒45 years. A joinpoint analysis revealed the age-specific positivity rate and how this varied for individual pathogens. Our findings fill crucial gaps of how the distributions of enteropathogens change across China in patients with diarrhea. This allows enhanced identification of the predominant diarrheal pathogen candidates for diagnosis in clinical practice and more targeted application of prevention and control measures.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

The situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient at Pediatrics - Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Nhon Tran Van ◽  
Mai Do Van ◽  
Hien Ha Minh
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Pediatric Inpatient

Background: To survey for evaluation the use of antibiotic for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient in compliance with MOH, WHO or treatment regimen. Objectives: (1) To describe the situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment and (2) to determine factors that affected on indication of antibiotic for pediatric inpatient under 15 years at Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study on 251 medical records of pediatric inpatients who treated by one of any drug from 01/2019 to 12/2019. Results: one antibiotic was prescribed in 71.7% in comparison with 17.1% on two antibiotics. The antibiotic prescription was based on the results of blood test including examinations of white blood cells (WBC), the percentage of neutrophils (Neu%) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) (59.4%), stool with white blood cells and/or red blood cells (1.6%), high fever without causes (27.9%), watery stool (86.3%), loose stool with blood (100%), loose stool (97.9%). The most used antibiotics are ceftriaxone (53.4%), ciprofloxacin (12.4%). Duration of antibiotic use is 5 days in median. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic prescription that met MOH and WHO guidelines was 88.3% in comparison with 11.7% of non-conformance. The compliance prescriptions based on antibiogram were 77.8%, non-compliance were 22.5%. The compliance dosage refered to guideline was 86.4%, non-conpliance was 2.4%. The duration of hospitalization and neutrophil are factors that affected the use of antibiotics (p < 0.05). Keywords: diarrhea, pediatric inpatient, antibiotic, Pediatrics-Kien Giang General Hospital

scholarly journals The Quality of Life Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Patients in Hemodialysis Unit at District General Hospital Pringsewu Regency Lampung Province in 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Virna Widora Saputri ◽  
Rico Januar Sitorus ◽  
H. M. Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Support ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the quality of life of CRF patients in Hemodialysis Unit at Pringsewu District General Hospital. This study was conducted from February to May 2018 with cross sectional study design. The sampling technique using total sampling technique. Measurement of quality of life using KDQOL-SFTM version 1.3. The results found that quality of life scores were quite low in some domains and subscales. The mean of total score was 55.70 ± 21.30 with mean of Physical Health Composite (PHC) = 38.85 ± 9.26 and mean of Mental Health Composite (MHC) = 36.13 ± 7.08. Regarding the targeted area of ESRD, the scale of renal disease burden and occupational status scale resulted in the lowest score. The sleep quality scale score was 56.18 ± 20.72. Only 61 patients responded to questions of sexual activity with a score of 55.53 ± 27.44 on the scale of sexual function. In the 36-item health survey, the mean total score was 45.90 ± 21.95. The lowest score represented the limitations of roles caused by physical and emotional health problems. The result of statistical test showed that the variables significantly related to the quality of life of CRF patients were age, income, duration of hemodialysis and family support. Thus, family support was the variable that had the greatest impact on determining the quality of life of CRF patients. The CRF patients who lacked family support were 4.6 times more likely to lead poorer life compared to CRF patients who received good family support after being controlled by age, income, duration of hemodialysis, gender, working status, and diabetes mellitus variables.

scholarly journals Cellular Inflammatory Indices in Hospitalized Nigerian COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Adeyemi Akinwumi ◽  
Fabian Victory Edem ◽  
Ganiyu Olatunbosun Arinola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean

The pandemicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) necessitated its novel biomarkers in prognosis and monitoring in low resource settings. Changes in total white blood cell counts have been associated with the progression of diseases. This study determined the prognostic value of some cellular inflammatory cells and their indices in relation to duration of hospital admission, gender, and age of COVID-19 patients. This longitudinal and case–control study determined blood cell components (total white blood cells (TWBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet) and inflammatory indices (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio [NLR], lymphocyte monocyte ratio [LMR], platelet lymphocyte ratio [PLR], derived NLR [DNLR], and systemic immune inflammatory index [SII]) in 95 symptomatic hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 45 COVID-19 free controls. These parameters were related to age, sex, and days of admission of the patients. Blood samples obtained were analyzed using hematological autoanalyzer (Sysmex XN-450) and indices calculated. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., USA) version 20.0. The mean platelet count (P = 0.016) and PLR (P = 0.000) were significantly lower while TWBC counts (P = 0.013) were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with control. The mean TWBC count (P = 0.030) and SII (P = 0.029) were significantly increased while lymphocyte count (P = 0.015) and LMR (P = 0.026) were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients at discharge compared with COVID-19 patients at admission. The mean neutrophil count (P = 0.048), PLR (P = 0.015), and SII (P = 0.022) were significantly lower while mean lymphocyte count (P = 0.026) was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients aged <40 years compared with patients aged ?40 years. This study concluded that inflammatory response is a phenomenon in COVID-19 patients especially in patients ?40 years of age and that this inflammation persist till discharge, though gender has no influence on cellular inflammatory indices of COVID-19 patients.

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