scholarly journals TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
E. N. Grishina ◽  
I. P. Lapteva
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Population Forecast ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Impact

The article substantiates the need to identify trends in the development of processes demographic in individual countries and regions. The analysis of the determination of demographic processes is a necessary condition for the development of an effective demographic policy. The authors studied the dynamics of the population of the planet as whole, Europe, and Russia over the past 50 years. The assessment of the degree of influence of the measures taken in certain countries of the world on the demographic situation is given. The article deals with both methodological issues of studying the determination of demographic processes, and the results of research based on statistical information. Much attention is paid to the issues of determining the birth rate and mortality. An assessment of the impact of material payments on the birth rate is given. At the same time, the issues of determining migration processes and population aging are not left without attention. To analyze the causes of population migration in the region, the experimental planning method was used. The use of this method allowed us to identify the factors that affect migration processes and to assess the degree of influence of each of them on the level of the migration efficiency coefficient. The study showed the possibility of using the planning method in the study of socio-economic processes. The authors consider three variants of the population forecast of the Russian Federation until 2035, proposed by Rosstat, and assessed possible options for their implementation.

scholarly journals TНЕ INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES ON ECONOMIC SECURITY OF SUMY REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Vesperis ◽  
Hanna Samus ◽  
Olha Scherbina
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the impact of demographic processes on the economic security of Sumy region. The main characteristics of economic security of the region are highlighted. It is noted that the population of the country is a kind of foundation through which all types of national security, including economic, have their practical application. The following demographic characteristics of the population are analyzed, such as birth rate, death rate, sex and age structure, quantity, migration, which determine the available labor potential of the region and significantly affect the formation of economic security in the region. The negative tendency of reduction of the available population of the region is established. The sex composition of the population is insignificantly, but women predominate. The natural increase in the population of the region is a negative indicator, which indicates a decrease in the population of the region. Negative dynamics is characteristic of the marriage rate. Divorce is growing in the region. All this indicates the decline of the institution of the family, which in turn will affect the birth rate. With regard to migration growth (reduction) in general, it should be noted that this indicator is also negative, so the number of arrivals is less than the number of departures. But the exception is interstate migration, which is characterized by positive dynamics for the region. The region is dominated by the working age population, which is positive for economic security. At the same time, the share of people of retirement age is greater than children. In order to solve demographic problems and improve the economic security of the region, measures should be implemented at the regional level (except national ones) to increase the birth rate, support the development of medical institutions to reduce mortality, which will increase natural population growth. Considerable attention should be paid to the development of the production sphere and the sphere of services in order to reduce migration flows from the region and provide available labor resources with jobs, taking into account the gender and age structure. It is necessary to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the population, which will stimulate the migration flow of the population. These events will contribute to the stable and gradual development of the demographic component of economic security of Sumy region.

scholarly journals LITHUANIAN POPULATION AGING FACTORS ANALYSIS / LIETUVOS GYVENTOJŲ SENĖJIMĄ LEMIANČIŲ VEIKSNIŲ ANALIZĖ

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė Garlauskaitė ◽  
Rasa Zabarauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Aging Factors

The aim of this article is to identify the factors that determine aging of Lithuania’s population and to assess the influence of these factors. The article shows Lithuanian population aging factors analysis, which consists of two main parts: the first describes the aging of the population and its characteristics in theoretical terms. Second part is dedicated to the assessment of trends that influence the aging population and demographic factors and also to analyse the determinants of the aging of the population of Lithuania. After analysis it is concluded in the article that the decline in the birth rate and increase in the number of emigrants compared to immigrants have the greatest impact on aging of the population, so in order to show the aging of the population, a lot of attention should be paid to management of these demographic processes. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti, kokie veiksniai lemia Lietuvos gyventojų senėjimą ir įvertinti tų veiksnių įtaką. Straipsnyje atliekamą Lietuvos gyventojų senėjimą lemiančių veiksnių analizę sudaro dvi pagrindinės dalys: pirmoji skirta apibūdinti gyventojų senėjimą ir jo rodiklius teoriniu aspektu. Antroji skirta įvertinti gyventojų senėjimą ir jį lemiančias demografinių veiksnių tendencijas bei gyventojų senėjimą ir jį lemiančius veiksnius Lietuvoje. Atlikus analizę, straipsnyje daroma išvada, kad gyventojų senėjimą labiausiai įtakoja gimstamumo mažėjimas ir emigrantų skaičiaus didėjimas imigrantų atžvilgiu, todėl, siekiant pristabdyti gyventojų senėjimą, didžiausias dėmesys turėtų būti skiriamas šių demografinių procesų valdymui.

scholarly journals Change in the number of inhabitants of Sajkaska in the period from 1869 to 2002

2010 ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Ljubica Ivanovic ◽  
Branislav Djurdjev
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Demographic processes and tendencies of the population movement represent basic social determinants which are presented by various demographic indicators. The change in the number of inhabitants in Sajkaska is the result of multi-decade variation in the birth rate, population aging process and mortality movement, which all are conditioned by a series of historical, socio-economical, cultural, educational as well local and family factors. The total number of individuals rose for 34.029 in the period between 1869 and 2002. .

scholarly journals Wpływ rumoszu drzewnego na granulometrię osadów korytowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Karol Plesiński
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

The aim of paper is to investigate the impact of woody debris deposited on the river bed on the granulometry of the bed material. The analysis included upstream and downstream sides of the investigated woody debris. The investigations comprised determination of the geometric dimensions of the analyzed wood deposits, determination of the granulometric composition of the bed material in the area of deposition of woody debris, determination of the range of influence of the investigated woody debris on the bed material and determination of the relationship between the geometric dimensions of the woody debris and the extent of their impact on the bed material. The granulometric analysis was conducted using the conventional sieving method. The extent of the influence of woody debris was determined on the basis of the Nash’s-Sutcliffe’s efficiency coefficient. The dependence of the extent of wood influence and the dimensions of the investigated woody debris was determined on the basis of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. It was found that the woody debris deposited on the bed of the Raba river affects the granulometry of the bed material on both the upstream and downstream sides. The study also showed that the extent of the impact on the grain-size composition of the bed material on the downstream sides of the woody debris is determined to a large extent by the height of the deposited woody debris.

scholarly journals Methodological bases for determining the influence of structural factors of demographic processes

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Algorithm Comparison ◽  
Coeffi Cients ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Impact

A number of factors, not least of which are structural, infl uence demographic processes. A timely and urgent task of geodemographic research is to establish the degree of their action as they provide reliable information about the demographic behavior. Method of demographic coeffi cients standardization is used as a universal tool to measure the strength of the structural factors’ infl uence on the course of demographic processes. The purpose of this article is to study methodical bases to establish the degree of structural factors infl uence on change of demographic processes by a method of standardization, representation of results of approbation on materials of birth rate of the population in the regions of Ukraine. Main material. The essence of the method of demographic coeffi cients standardization is to eliminate the infl uence of population structure and age intensities on the value of overall demographic coeffi cients. Standardization of demographic coeffi cients can be carried out based on offi cial statistics data and their statistical processing according to the presented generalized algorithm. Comparison of the calculated hypothetical (standardized) coeffi cients of the studied demographic processes with each other and with the actual indicators makes it possible to determine the degree of infl uence of each of the structural factors in numerical dimensions. Determining the degree of structural factors infl uence on the change of demographic processes should be carried out to establish both territorial and temporal features of their change. An example of the standardization method application to establish the degree of infl uence of structural factors on the change in the birth rate in Ukraine is considered. To reveal the functionality of the application of this method, we focus on its possibilities to determine both territorial and temporal features. Three reference dates were chosen: 2002 (lowest birth rates - 8‰), 2012 (highest birth rates - 11.4 ‰), 2018 (latest offi cial statistics - 8.4‰). To refl ect the possibilities of establishing and comparing territorial features, two regions of Ukraine were considered: Rivne region (as an example of a region with traditionally high birth rates - 11.6‰ in 2018) and Sumy region (as an example of a region with traditionally low birth rates - 6.6‰ in 2018). Conclusions and further research. The results of the standardization method application on the materials of demographic statistics of Sumy and Rivne regions for three reference years are presented in the article. They allowed us to establish the degree of influence of internal factors on the change of birth rate, both in territorial and temporal dimensions. Determining the effect of the factor of population structure and age intensity of demographic events allows us to identify and substantiate the features that are «erased» in the analysis of general indicators. The issue of thorough spatial and statistical analysis of the impact of these factors on the change in the birth rate in the regions of Ukraine is considered as well as identifi cation of structural and dynamic features and prevailing trends to clarify the most eff ective levers of infl uence and leveling of demographic problems to be embodied in further research.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Population Aging Trend in Iran and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Hasan Hekmatnia ◽  
Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri ◽  
Ali Shamsoddini
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and its consequences are an extremely controversial issue in the global context. An increase in the number of older people along with a decrease in the birth rate leads to an excessive burden on the economically active part of the population. Such imbalances threaten to reduce the workforce, slow economic growth, increase social spending, increase the fiscal burden. Therefore, using the country’s own experience to solve the problem of rapid aging of the nation and take measures to improve the quality of life of older people and their social integration into society is insufficient, as changes in the age structure of the population may occur for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adapt the experience of other countries to address this social issue. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the aging population in Iran and Poland, as well as to assess the impact of the nation’s aging on life expectancy, fertility and gross domestic product (GDP) in these two countries. The object of the study is Poland as a representative of European countries, which is facing an increase in the number of elderly people, and Iran as a country where the age structure of the population is just beginning to change. The study period is 1950-2020. The results of the study show that there has been an increase in the elderly population, but the share of this population compared to other countries is lower. The authors of the study proved the existence of significant differences in the aging population in Poland and Iran. A feature of the demographic situation in Iran is the declining birth rate, which leads to a decrease in the total population and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. These socio-demographic transformations in the long run can have a destructive effect on Iran’s GDP. In contrast to Iran, Poland is experiencing an increase in population aging, leading to rising spending on social security and protection, as well as falling GDP. The rapid growth of the elderly population compared to the growth of the total population of the country and the increase in the share of elderly people in the coming years emphasizes the need for further planning of control over the problems associated with this population group.

Forms of physical activity of the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Piotr Czarnecki ◽  
◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Key Phrases ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Physical activity is known to be an important factor influencing health throughout human life. This issue has become crucial for public health due to the aging of the population in both developed and developing countries. Aim. is to present a literature review on the forms of physical activity undertaken by the elderly, as well as on issues related to physical activity and the population aging. Material and methods. The study was prepared on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature. The following databases and data sources were used: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An additional source of data were the websites of the Central Statistical Office. Strictly defined key phrases were used during the collection of literature. The work has been divided into thematic subsections on the aging of the society, the impact of physical activity on health and the main topic, i.e. forms of physical activity selected by the elderly. Analysis of the literature. The number of elderly people in Polish society has increased by almost 3.7 million over three decades. Therefore, an important topic is prophylaxis aimed at increasing the number of days in good health, largely covering the broadly understood activation of the elderly. The available data indicate that only 12% of elderly people undertake physical activity once a week. The most common form of spending free time actively is walking (as many as 73% of people in this population declare this form of physical activity in one of the presented studies). Conclusion. Organized forms of physical activity are undertaken much less frequently by the analyzed age group mainly due to financial limitations and limited availability of sports infrastructure.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

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