scholarly journals Extra-Hepatic Biliary Obstruction - A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Various Benign and Malignant Causes for Obstructive Jaundice among Patients Attending Trivandrum Medical College

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
Swasthik K.S. ◽  
Preetha Sundaresan ◽  
Varun Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periampullary Carcinoma ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malignant Obstruction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Head Of Pancreas

BACKGROUND Extra-hepatic biliary tract obstruction can be due to a number of conditions. Most causes are due to stones in the common biliary duct or due to malignant obstruction. Malignant causes include carcinoma head of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Besides calculus and malignant obstruction, benign and malignant strictures can also cause obstruction of extra hepatic biliary ducts. The objectives of the study were to describe the clinical profile of patients presenting with extra-hepatic biliary obstruction and to assess the known aetiological factors. METHODS The research was designed as a hospital based cross-sectional study in the general surgery wards of our institution from 2016 to 2017. All individuals who were diagnosed to have extra-hepatic biliary obstruction by imaging were included in the study. RESULTS Among the 66 cases studied, majority were due to malignancies and gall stones. The malignancies included carcinoma head of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and Klatskin’s tumour. Miscellaneous causes were bile duct stricture, cholelithiasis with biliary sludge and annular pancreas. For the malignant cases, Whipple surgery and its pylorus-preserving variant were the most common surgical procedures carried out. Biliary bypass procedures were also carried out in some patients. For patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy and choledochojejunostomy were done. CONCLUSIONS Malignant causes of jaundice are more common than benign causes. Secondary stones are the commonest cause of non-malignant biliary obstruction. Jaundice is more severe and associated with pruritis and more intolerable and persistent in malignancy. Surgical bypass procedures give good palliation for obstructive jaundice. KEY WORDS Bile Ducts, Choledocholithiasis, Cholestasis, Extra Hepatic, Pancreatic Cancer, Periampullary Cancer

STUDYING OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN HUE CITY IN 2011

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Xuan Doan ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Study Results

Children with mental retardation have low intelligence, slow thinking, low learning ability in comparison with the same age children. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of children with mental retardation in Hue City. 2. To study some characteristics of children with mental retardation. Materials and methodes: All children with mental retardation in Hue city. Cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of children with mental retardation (CMR) among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. The highest prevalences ware in Phu Binh, Xuan Phu quarters (0.79 and 0.66%), lowest in Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh quarters (0.03 and 0.06%). Children over 5 yrs old were 75.95%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities. More than 78% have late walking, 84% have late speaking. Conclusions: The prevalence of children with mental retardation among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Effects of Age and Duration of HIV Infection on Anxiety and Depression in Cisgender Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gianella ◽  
Rowan Saloner ◽  
Genevieve Curtin ◽  
Susan J. Little ◽  
Anne Heaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThis observational cross-sectional study of 152 people with HIV (PWH) examined the effects of age and estimated duration of HIV infection (EDI) on depressive and anxiety symptoms. All participants were cisgender men and completed the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a self-report inventory of current (i.e., past week) mood states. Overall, study results confirmed higher levels of anxiety and depression in PWH compared to individuals without HIV. Age group (< 50 or ≥ 50 years) moderated the effect of EDI (< 3 or ≥ 3 years) on mood disturbance. Specifically, younger PWH with early diagnosed infection exhibited the highest levels of depression and anxiety, whereas depression and anxiety were attenuated in older PWH with early infection such that their POMS scores did not significantly differ from the HIV-negative and chronically HIV-infected groups. Despite the small sample size and other important limitations in our study design, our preliminary findings confirm previous observations that older people may have some adaptive ability to better handle the acute psychological stressors associated with recent HIV infection.

Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
D. Devi ◽  
V. Monica ◽  
Ravi Santhosh ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan ◽  
P. Poornachandrika
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health threat and is by far the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia, since the SARS outbreak in 2003. A range of psychiatric morbidities such as persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, delirium and suicidality were observed in the post infectious state across the world. Hence, the aim of the study was to understand the psychological status of the patients affected by COVID during their post-COVID follow-up period and to examine the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with high psychological morbidity. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the post-COVID follow up clinic, at a tertiary care hospital between the months of August - November 2020, using a semi structured proforma and rating scales such as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Results: The study results indicate that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients was 21.9% and 11.9%, respectively. Insomnia was observed among 21.7%Among various sociodemographic and clinical variables examined, it was observed that female gender, patients with ongoing stressors and patients with post-COVID-19 persistent physical symptoms were found to be associated with greater depression and anxiety among the study population. Conclusions: Persistent physical symptoms and ongoing life stressors are found to be associated with depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients. Hence, periodic screening for individuals with persisting physical symptoms and care for the vulnerable population such as those with ongoing stressors will provide a significant advantage in the follow up of the mental health of the patients affected with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Association of the combination of weight gain after 20 years of age and current obesity with chronic kidney disease in Japan: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027752
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Mariko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWeight gain after 20 years of age is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the impact of weight gain on CKD might differ by current obesity status. We investigated the association of the combination of weight gain after 20 years of age and current obesity with CKD among adults in Japan.DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsWe analysed data from 94 822 adults aged 40–64 years who had an annual health check-up in Japan from April 2013 to March 2014.Primary outcome measureCKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2and/or proteinuria.ResultsBoth weight gain ≥10 kg after 20 years of age plus obesity (OR 2.21, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.36) and weight gain of ≥10 kg plus non-obesity (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.42) significantly increased the OR for CKD when compared with weight gain <10 kg plus non-obesity in men. In women, weight gain ≥10 kg plus obesity (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.84 to 2.25) and weight gain ≥10 kg plus non-obesity (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.72) significantly increased the OR for CKD compared with weight gain <10 kg plus non-obesity. These results persisted even after adjustment for age, lifestyle factors, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes.ConclusionsWeight gain ≥10 kg after 20 years of age was significantly associated with CKD in both obese and non-obese subjects. Moreover, the influence of weight gain ≥10 kg plus obesity on CKD was greater than that of weight gain ≥10 kg plus non-obesity on CKD. The present study results suggest that it is important to consider weight gain after maturity in both obese and non-obese subjects to prevent CKD among Japanese middle-aged adults.

scholarly journals Varicose Veins Among Different Occupational Background in City of Mosul-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399-1402
Author(s):  
H. J. Mahmood ◽  
R. H. Ibrahim ◽  
M. F. Abdulghani ◽  
Z. F. Al-Zaidy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Background ◽  
The City

Background and aim: The Objectives of the present study to determine the VV among people with different background occupations in the City of Mosul, Iraq. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was performed at Mosul Teaching Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020. Two hundred people who were physically examined represented different jobs in Iraqi society (Nurses, address, Policemen, and teachers). A physical examination was conducted of all participants who agreed to engage in this study. Results: The overall prevalence rate of VV among different occupational backgrounds in the City of Mosul is 19.5%. The study found that the percentage of men (50.5%) and women (49.5%). Most of the patient was beyond to age group (41-45) years and the mean age of the participants was (39.1+3.1). According to the BMI, the results indicated that most subjects belong to a class<30 (77%). Conclusions: The nurses will seek to prevent excessive extended occupational standing and using sitting or walking when appropriate. As a result, an improvement in clinical practice may reduce the incidence of vascular disease. Keywords: Varicose, Veins, Occupational

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients with psoriasis and the prescription of biological therapy in Venezuela: a cross-sectional study

Medwave ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. e8064-e8064
Author(s):  
Jairo Rojano Rada ◽  
Paulette Terán Pereira ◽  
Liliana López Grassa
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic disease that affects the skin. One hundred twenty-five million people around the world suffer from this condition. In specific groups of patients, the joints may also be involved. To control and follow-up patients with psoriasis, psoriasis area severity and dermatological quality of life measurements were established. Both parameters are necessary for the initiation of biological therapy, as specified in the psoriasis management guide (2015) of the national committee of rheumatological, immunological, and bone metabolism diseases of the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security. Objective To characterize the clinical and epidemiological variables and the prescription of biological therapy in patients with psoriasis who access the high-cost dispensing program of the Venezuelan Institute Social Security (IVSS) pharmacy. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Results A total of 374 patient records were assessed. The male gender was more frequent, with 56.1% (p <0.001), mostly from Caracas city. In comparing age groups with sex, a difference among these was observed (p <0.05). 57.5% previously used methotrexate, 6.68% biological, 3.2% topical steroids, and 31% did not report which type of previous therapy they had received. Amongst the clinical presentations, 70% corresponded to plaque psoriasis. 79% of the patients presented moderate activity according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI): Eleven percent were assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); 39% of them reported an extremely important effect. The anergic range of the Mantoux test represented 70.9% of the cases, and 0.3% took the booster evaluation. Chest X-ray was reported normal in 95% of the cases. The most demanded biological medicine was etanercept, in 52% of the cases. Conclusions Male gender and its association with psoriasis was an important finding. The need to improve the administrative components in completing the medication request formats and strengthen clinical measurements and good medical practice was also found.

scholarly journals A community based study on prevalence of obesity among urban population of Shivamogga, Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchana Nagendra ◽  
Nandini C. ◽  
Mangala Belur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Who Steps

Background: Obesity is a most prevalent malnutrition all over the world. It is estimated by the WHO that globally, over 1 billion (16%) adults are overweight and 300 million of these (5%) are obese. The highest rise in the number of obese is noted in the countries with fast growing economies especially of South East Asia. In India the prevalence of obesity is 12.6% in women and 9.3% in men. In other words, more than a 100 million individuals are obese in India. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of obesity in urban population of Shivamogga.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in Urban Shivamogga Study was conducted during February 1st to July 30th 2016 for 6 months.  Data was collected from house hold members aged 15-64 years. The calculated sample size was 2000. Subjects were interviewed using a prestructured and pretested questionnaire adopted from WHO STEPS I and II, approaches for non-communicable diseases risk factors surveillance, after modifying to suit the local requirements (questions about Obesity and overweight were considered for study).Results: The prevalence of high BMI among study subjects was nearly fifty percent (45.6%).  The prevalence of obesity in the study subjects was 31.6%, the prevalence was more in females (34.9%) compared to males (28.4%). The prevalence of central/ abdominal type of obesity was 41.2%.Conclusions:This community based study demonstrated high prevalence of obesity and overweight among the productive population of urban Shivamogga. 

scholarly journals Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
D. Devi ◽  
V. Monica ◽  
Ravi Santhosh ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan ◽  
P. Poornachandrika
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health threat and is by far the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia, since the SARS outbreak in 2003. A range of psychiatric morbidities such as persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, delirium and suicidality were observed in the post infectious state across the world. Hence, the aim of the study was to understand the psychological status of the patients affected by COVID during their post-COVID follow-up period and to examine the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with high psychological morbidity. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the post-COVID follow up clinic, at a tertiary care hospital between the months of August - November 2020, using a semi structured proforma and rating scales such as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Results: The study results indicate that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients was 21.9% and 11.9%, respectively. Insomnia was observed among 21.7%Among various sociodemographic and clinical variables examined, it was observed that female gender, patients with ongoing stressors and patients with post-COVID-19 persistent physical symptoms were found to be associated with greater depression and anxiety among the study population. Conclusions: Persistent physical symptoms and ongoing life stressors are found to be associated with depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients. Hence, periodic screening for individuals with persisting physical symptoms and care for the vulnerable population such as those with ongoing stressors will provide a significant advantage in the follow up of the mental health of the patients affected with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Assessing Multiple Sclerosis‑Related Quality of Life among Iranian Patients Using the MSQOL-54 Tool: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Namazi ◽  
Shadi Ziaei ◽  
Golnaz Afzal ◽  
Saghar Barati ◽  
Rezvaneh Mohebbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Assess Quality

Abstract BackgroundThe main objectives of this study were to assess quality of life (QoL), consumption patterns of dietary supplements, as well as physical/mental health status in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study also aimed to determine the association between demographic characteristics and physical as well as mental health composite (PHC and MHC) scores using the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54) questionnaire.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of patients with MS (n=382) referring to Shahid Kazemi Pharmacy, based in the city of Tehran, Iran, as a national pharmacy providing specialized pharmaceutical care to these individuals from February 2019 to March 2020 via the implementation of the MSQoL-54 questionnaire. ResultsA total number of 382 patients with MS participated in this study, including 89 (23.3%) men and 293 (76.7%) women, aged 40±10.9 years old (range: 18-84 years old). The overall score of the MSQoL-54 questionnaire was also by 41.58, and that was 69.60 and 62.99 from 100 for PHC and MHC, respectively. Conclusions The study results demonstrated that advanced age, longer disease duration, and lower levels of education were significantly associated with lower QoL. Trial registration IR.SBMU.PHARMACY.REC.1398.240.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document