scholarly journals Pyruvate Research and Clinical Application Outlooks A Revolutionary Medical Advance

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Fang-Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Volume Expander ◽  
Medical Advance ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
New Generation

Pyruvate holds superior biomedical properties in increase of hypoxia tolerance, correction of severe acidosis, exertion of anti-oxidative stress and protection of mitochondria against apoptosis, so that it improves multi-organ function in various pathogenic insults. Particularly, pyruvate preserves key enzyme: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity through direct inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinas (PDK), as a PDH activator, in hypoxia. Therefore, pyruvate is robustly beneficial for cell/organ function over citrate, acetate, lactate, bicarbonate and chloride as anions in current medical fluids. Pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration salt/solution (Pyr-ORS) and pyruvate-based intravenous (IV) fluids would be more beneficial than WHO-ORS and current IV fluids in both crystalloids and colloids, respectively. Pyruvate-containing fluids as the new generation would be not only a volume expander, but also a therapeutic agent simultaneously in fluid resuscitation in critical care patients. Pyruvate may be also beneficial in prevent and treatment of diabetes, aging and even cancer. Pyruvate clinical applications indicates a new revolutionary medical advance, following the WHO-ORS prevalence, this century.

scholarly journals Private health care market shaping and changes in inequities in childhood diarrhoea treatment coverage: evidence from the analysis of baseline and endline surveys of an ORS and zinc scale-up program in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiwadayo Braimoh ◽  
Isaac Danat ◽  
Mohammed Abubakar ◽  
Obinna Ajeroh ◽  
Melinda Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Concentration Indices

Abstract Background Nearly 90,000 under-five children die from diarrhoea annually in Nigeria. Over 90% of the deaths can be prevented with oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc treatment but coverage nationally was less than 34% for ORS and 3% for zinc with wide inequities. A program was implemented in eight states to address critical barriers to the optimal functioning of the health care market to deliver these treatments. In this study, we examine changes in the inequities of coverage of ORS and zinc over the intervention period. Methods Baseline and endline household surveys were used to measure ORS and zinc coverage and household assets. Principal component analysis was used to construct wealth quintiles. We used multi-level logistic regression models to estimate predictive coverage of ORS and zinc by wealth and urbanicity at each survey period. Simple measures of disparity and concentration indices and curves were used to evaluate changes in ORS and zinc coverage inequities. Results At baseline, 28% (95% CI: 22–35%) of children with diarrhoea from the poorest wealth quintile received ORS compared to 50% (95% CI: 52–58%) from the richest. This inequality reduced at endline as ORS coverage increased by 21%-points (P <  0.001) for the poorest and 17%-points (P <  0.001) for the richest. Zinc coverage increased significantly for both quintiles at endline from an equally low baseline coverage level. Consistent with the findings of the pairwise comparison of the poorest and the richest, the summary measure of disparity across all wealth quintiles showed a narrowing of inequities from baseline to endline. Concentration curves shifted towards equality for both treatments, concentration indices declined from 0.1012 to 0.0480 for ORS and from 0.2640 to 0.0567 for zinc. Disparities in ORS and zinc coverage between rural and urban at both time points was insignificant except that the use of zinc in the rural at endline was significantly higher at 38% (95%CI: 35–41%) compared to 29% (95%CI, 25–33%) in the urban. Conclusion The results show a pro-rural improvement in coverage and a reduction in coverage inequities across wealth quintiles from baseline to endline. This gives an indication that initiatives focused on shaping healthcare market systems may be effective in reducing health coverage gaps without detracting from equity as a health policy objective.

scholarly journals Educational Needs of Mothers about using Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) at Home During Acute Diarrhea in Children under 5 at Urmia Population Research Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Baratali Rezapour
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
At Home

Preventable factors such as infectious diseases (pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria), malnutrition and neonatal complications are still the leading cause of child mortality worldwide 1 In 2013, it is estimated that 6.3 million babies born worldwide died before the age of 5, and approximately 9.2% of these deaths were due to diarrheal diseases 2, 3 in simple, accessible ways, and effective treatment can reduce diarrhea-related mortality and make hospital admissions unnecessary, and the role of mothers is the most important 4. Since the presentation of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in 1979, mortality has reduced. Diarrhea has had a steady downward trend 5. If mothers who have children under 5 years of age, used correctly ORS, they could easily resolve the problem of dehydration in acute diarrhea 6. Mothers didn’t use correctly ORS because of their Low literacy and lack of knowledge and wrong attitude about ORT7. Some health care workers provide mothers’ required equipments, regardless of their educational needs, and mothers may not use ORS. In this study, health workers identified mothers' educational needs and subsequently they trained them about using ORS at home in acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age

Role of Oral Zinc Supplementation in treatment of Acute Dehydrating Diarrhea in age 6 months to 5 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3002-3003
Author(s):  
Bakht Buland Shah ◽  
Inam ul Khair
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Volume Current

Background: Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) is the standard recommended treatment for acute dehydrating diarrhea but it has very little role in decreasing stool frequency and volume. Current studies recommend oral supplementation of zinc as an adjunct to ORS in treating acute dehydrating diarrhea of children especially those who are at risk of zinc deficiency and malnutrition. Aim: To determine the effect of oral zinc supplementation on duration of acute diarrhea and intake of ORS in children between 6 months and 5 years of age. Settings: Tehsil Head Quarters Hospital, Besham District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from October 2019 to September 2020. Methodology: The study was double blinded Randomized Control Clinical Trial in children aged between 6 months to 5 years of age. A total of 90 children were included in the study. In addition to rehydration, 45 children were given oral zinc (20mg daily) while 45 children were given placebo. Results: All 45(100%) patients in zinc group and 39(86.6%) patients in placebo group recovered after 5 days of treatment. Zinc group had significantly reduced duration of diarrhea (68.3±9.4 vs. 99.8±15.2 hours) and consumed less ORS solution (2.3±0.8 vs. 3.4±1.1 liters) as compared to placebo group. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that oral zinc supplementation in addition to ORS in treating acute dehydrating diarrhea of children has better effect on the clinical course of disease. Key words: Diarrhea, ORS, Zinc, Dehydration.

Development of Hypotonic Electrolyte Rehydration Drinks from Paneer and Cheese Whey

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
B. P. Pushpa ◽  
C. Kempanna
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Orange Colour ◽  
Paneer Whey ◽  
Health Organization

In the present study, development of electrolyte drinks from paneer and cheese whey was carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose to simple sugars and formulating the sugar to salt ratio to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements (245 mOsmol/L) for Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS). Lactose hydrolyzed whey was diluted (1: 2.3 v/v) using potable quality demineralised water to achieve reduction in osmolarity of 75 mOsmol/L. The salt concentration was adjusted by adding 3.25 g sodium chloride and 0.8 g potassium chloride for paneer whey (per L) and 2.5 g sodium chloride, 0.9 g of potassium chloride and 1.5 g of trisodium citrate for cheese whey (per L) to meet Na, K and citrate levels in the resultant whey drink as per WHO requirement. Other additives used in developing hypotonic electrolyte whey drink from lactose hydrolyzed whey systems were sucralose (sweetener), citric acid (acidulant), orange flavour and orange colour. The formulated hypotonic electrolyte whey based drink had significantly higher sensory scores when compared to the scores of two commercial orange flavour ORS drinks. Cheese whey based electrolyte drink was superior over paneer whey based electrolyte drink in sensory characteristics; former drink had better consistency and mouth feel.

Oral Rehydration Salt

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Kanchan Sakharkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Oral Rehydration

FOOD-BASED ORAL REHYDRATION SALT SOLUTION FOR ACUTE CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA

The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 334 (8660) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Majid Molla ◽  
S.K Nath ◽  
Ayesha Molla ◽  
M Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Childhood Diarrhoea

scholarly journals Is knowledge and practice of oral rehydration therapy suboptimal? Assessment at Federal Medical Center, Asaba, South-South Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Bertilla U. Ezeonwu ◽  
Ayodeji Ayodele ◽  
Obinna C. Ajaegbu ◽  
Nkemjika E. Mbagwu ◽  
Odiri Ovemeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a core component of the childhood survival strategies to reduce child mortality and morbidity due to diarrhoeal disease with its fatal dehydrating complication of acute kidney injury. This strategy is indispensable to the attainment of the International Society of Nephrology’s (ISN) aim to eliminate preventable deaths from acute kidney injury (AKI) by year 2025. Diarrheal disease is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children at our centre. This interventional study assessed the knowledge and the practice of ORT among caregivers, educated and trained them on the management of diarrhoeal diseases and practice of ORT. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc tablets were also distributed. Methods: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used following informed consent. Consented care givers of wards attendees of FMC Asaba were assessed on their knowledge and their practice of ORT, educated on childhood diarrheal diseases, trained on practice of ORT and had ORS and zinc tablets distributed to them. These assessments were done on the spot and 6 weeks after the health talk, from July 2015 to December 2015. Results: There were 266 respondents and 231 were mothers. The immediate impact of the health talk on the knowledge and the practice of ORT was laudable, p≤0.0001 and educational attainment of the respondent influenced the immediate post health talk knowledge of ORT, p=0.009. The age of the respondent predicted the long term impact of health talk on practice of ORT, p=0.020. Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of ORT are not optimal but can be improved by regular education.  

scholarly journals Mothers’ perception and management preference of acute diarrheal disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Terefe Keto ◽  
Yalfal Alemu ◽  
Aklilu Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Study Participants

Globally, diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five years of children. Every day, approximately 2195 children die due to diarrheal diseases, which accounts for 1 in 9 child deaths worldwide. Many interventions that attempt to reduce childhood diarrhea are often fail because they are programed without understanding the problem in the target community and are culturally unsuitable. Therefore, this study aimed to assess perception and management preference of acute diarrheal disease among mothers who attend under five clinics. An institution based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from May 1-May 30/2019. A total of 276 respondents were included in the study and consecutive sampling technique was used to identify the study participants. The results show that 47% of respondents perceive childhood diarrhea is caused by teething, 47.8% of the respondents perceive that diarrhea cannot be transmitted from one child to other. Majority of care givers prefer to give home remedies to their child, and also a substantial proportion of mothers and caregivers were not adequately knowledgeable on the use of oral rehydration salt which resulted in many of them using traditional medicine. There is need for increased health education focused on increasing caregivers‟ knowledge about the cause of diarrhea and enhancing adoption of appropriate prevention practices of diarrhea among children under five years.

scholarly journals MS-based proteomic analysis of cardiac response to hypoxia in the goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Imbrogno ◽  
Donatella Aiello ◽  
Mariacristina Filice ◽  
Serena Leo ◽  
Rosa Mazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Aldolase B ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

AbstractThe exceptional hypoxia tolerance of the goldfish heart may be achieved through the activation of an alternative mechanism recruiting the first product of the anaerobic glycolysis (i.e. piruvate). This hypothesis led to design a classical mass spectrometry based proteomic study to identify in the goldfish cardiac proteins that may be associated with maintaining heart function under normoxia and hypoxia. A selective protein solubilization, SDS PAGE, trypsin digestion and MALDI MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of the 12 most stable hypoxia-regulated proteins. Among these proteins, five are enzymes catalyzing reversible steps of the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis network. Protein composition reveals the presence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B as a specific hypoxia-regulated protein. This work indicated that the key enzyme of reversible steps of the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis network is fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, aldolase B, suggesting a role of gluconeogenesis in the mechanisms involved in the goldfish heart response to hypoxia.

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