The binding properties of hepatic aldolase (B) were determined in digitonin-permeabilized rat hepatocytes after the cells had been preincubated with either glycolytic or gluconeogenic substrates. In hepatocytes that had been preincubated in medium containing 5 mM glucose as sole carbohydrate substrate, binding of aldolase to the hepatocyte matrix was maximal at low KCl concentrations (20 mM) or bivalent cation concentrations (1 mM Mg2+) and half-maximal dissociation occurred at 50 mM KCl. Preincubation of hepatocytes (for 10–30 min) with glucose or mannose (10–40 mM), fructose, sorbitol, dihydroxyacetone or glycerol (1–10 mM), caused a leftward shift of the salt dissociation curve (maximum binding at 10 mM KCl; half-maximum dissociation at 35 mM KCl) but did not affect the proportion of bound enzyme at low or high KCl concentrations. Galactose and 2-deoxyglucose had no effect on aldolase binding. Inhibitors of glucokinase (mannoheptulose and glucosamine) suppressed the effects of glucose but not the effects of sorbitol, glycerol or dihydroxyacetone. Glucagon suppressed the effects of glucose, fructose and dihydroxyacetone but not glycerol. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (2–10%), added to the permeabilization medium, increased aldolase binding and caused a rightward shift in the salt dissociation curve. In the presence of PEG (6–8%), the effects of substrates on aldolase dissociation were shifted to higher salt concentrations (50–100 mM versus 35 mM KCl). The effects of substrates (added to the intact cell) on aldolase binding to the permeabilized cell could be mimicked by addition of the phosphorylated derivatives of these substrates to the permeabilized cell. Of the intermediates tested dihydroxyacetone phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate were the most effective at dissociating aldolase (A50 values of 20 μM and 40 μM respectively). Other effective intermediates in order of decreasing potency were fructose 1-phosphate, glycerol 3-phosphate, glucose 1,6-bisphosphate/fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. These results show that aldolase B binds to the hepatocyte matrix by a salt-dependent mechanism that is influenced by macromolecular crowding and metabolic intermediates. Maximum binding occurs when hepatocytes are incubated in the absence of glycolytic and gluconeogenic substrates and minimum binding occurs in the presence of substrates that are precursors of either fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or triose phosphates. Since the bound form of aldolase represents a kinetically less active state it is proposed that aldolase binding and dissociation may be a mechanism for buffering the concentrations of metabolic intermediates.
MS-based proteomic analysis of cardiac response to hypoxia in the goldfish (Carassius auratus)
