scholarly journals Practical Methods to Improve Client Compliance in General Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Turabian
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Universal Procedure ◽  
Past Experiences

There is a gap between theoretical knowledge about strategies and the techniques or methods to apply in the practice of the consultation to improve compliance. Within the framework of these strategies, a number of techniques to be used in certain situations can be cited: 1) Assessing readiness to change, importance and confidence; 2) Instruments for decision support; 3) Technique of the "pros and cons"; 4) Auto-monitoring techniques; 5) Technique of "information exchange"; 6) Feedback technique; 7) Brainstorming; 8) The “typical day”; and 9) Practical reminder systems for taking medication. A certain technique is not a universal procedure, but it is usually refined by trial and error, based on past experiences, and their choice and design are the responsibility of the general practitioner.

Brains as Engines of Association

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Purves
Keyword(s):  
Neural Systems ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Behavior

Brains as Engines of Association seeks an operating principle of the human brain and is divided into four parts. The first part (“What Nervous Systems Do for Animals”) is intended to set the stage for understanding the emergence of neural systems as promoting what all organisms must accomplish: survival and reproduction. The second part (“Neural Systems as Engines of Association”) lays out the general argument that biological sensing systems face a daunting problem: they cannot measure the parameters of the world in the way physical instruments can. As a result, nervous systems must make and update associations (synaptic connections) on the basis of empirical success or failure over both evolutionary and individual time. The third part (“Evidence that Neural Systems Operate Empirically”) reviews evidence accumulated over the past 20 years that supports this interpretation in vision and audition, the sensory systems that have been most studied from this or any other perspective. Finally, the fourth part (“Alternative Concepts of Neural Function”) considers the pros and cons of other interpretations of how brains operate. The overarching theme is that the nervous systems of humans and every other animal operate on the basis associations between stimuli and behavior made by trial and error over species and lifetime experience.

scholarly journals Do future healthcare professionals have adequate knowledge about risk factors for stress urinary incontinence in women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Witkoś ◽  
Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Physiotherapy Students

Abstract Background Stress urinary incontinence worsens living conditions as far as the occupational, social, mental, physical and sexual aspects of a woman’s life. Despite its real impact on the everyday lives of millions of women around the world, this problem is still disregarded and treated only as a discomfort associated with personal hygiene. Could this be due to negligence on the part of medical personnel in this matter and perhaps this lack of knowledge and proper information intended for women with stress urinary incontinence? Implementing educational activities to increase knowledge about urinary incontinence will translate into better educated women and earlier implementation of urinary incontinence treatment in the future. To properly educate women at risk of urinary incontinence, one needs to be familiar with the condition, in particular the risk factors for its development. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the degree of knowledge of students graduating from medical faculties have regarding risk factors for stress urinary incontinence in women and assess where the students’ knowledge of this problem came from. Methods The research involved 1581 final year students of medical faculties: nursing and midwifery (258), medicine (432), physiotherapy (402) and other medical (489). The author’s survey was used for the research. The chi2 test was used for analysis. Results Students in faculties of nursing and midwifery, general medicine, physiotherapy, and other medical faculties could correctly list stress urinary incontinence risk factors in 88.8%, 81.7%, 74.4% and 51.9% of their answers respectively (p < 0.01). The most frequently mentioned source of knowledge about stress urinary incontinence was higher level education in 82.6%, 89.8%, 90.0% and 34.4% of the respective groups’ replies (p < 0.001). Conclusions Nursing and midwifery students had the greatest theoretical knowledge of stress urinary incontinence, and lesser knowledge was found among general medicine students, while physiotherapy students and students of other medical faculties had the least theoretical knowledge about risk factors for urinary incontinence. It is advisable that more emphasis be placed on educating students about stress urinary incontinence due to their insufficient knowledge, in particular for future doctors and physiotherapists who will have direct contact with patients.

scholarly journals Valence biases in reinforcement learning shift across adolescence and modulate subsequent memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Rosenbaum ◽  
Hannah Grassie ◽  
Catherine A. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Independent Dataset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Valuation Process ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Expected Outcomes ◽  
Better Than

Individuals learn differently through trial and error, with some more influenced by good outcomes, and others weighting bad outcomes more heavily. Such valence biases may also influence memory for past experiences. Here, we examined whether valence asymmetries in reinforcement learning change across adolescence, and whether individual learning asymmetries bias the content of subsequent memory. Participants ages 8-27 learned the values of “point machines”, after which their memory for trial-unique images presented with choice outcomes was assessed. Relative to children and adults, adolescents overweighted worse-than-expected outcomes during learning. Individuals’ valence biases modulated incidental memory, such that those who prioritized worse- (or better-) than-expected outcomes during learning were also more likely to remember images paired with these outcomes, an effect reproduced in an independent dataset. Collectively, these results highlight age-related changes in the computation of subjective value, and demonstrate that a valence-asymmetric valuation process influences how information is prioritized in episodic memory.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Automated Patient Digital Engagement Platform on Revisit Reduction

Iproceedings ◽  
10.2196/15091 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e15091
Author(s):  
Adam Beck ◽  
Caroline Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
The Impact

Background Revisits within 30 days to an emergency department (ED), observation care unit, or inpatient setting following patient discharge continues to be a challenge, especially in urban settings. In addition to the consequences for the patient, these revisits have a negative impact on a health system’s finances in a value based care or global budget environment. Objective The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a customized automated digital patient engagement application (GetWell Loop) to prevent 30-day revisits after home discharge from an ED or hospital inpatient setting. Methods The LifeBridge Health Innovation Team collaborated with the GetWell Network to customize their patient engagement platform (GetWell Loop) with automated check-in questions and resources. An application link was emailed to adult patients discharged home from the ED. A retrospective study of ED visits for patients treated for general medicine and cardiology conditions (accounting for 24% of our adult ED discharges) between August 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, was conducted using CRISP, Maryland’s state-designated health information exchange. We used this database to identify the index visits that experienced an emergency department visit, inpatient admission, or observation stay at any Maryland facility within 30 days of discharge. We also used data within GetWell Loop to track patient activation and engagement. The primary endpoint was a comparison of ED patients that experienced a 30-day revisit and who did or did not activate their GetWell Loop account. Secondary end points included overall activation rate and the rate of engagement as measured by the number of logins, alerts, and comments generated by patients through the platform. Statistical significance was calculated using the Fisher’s exact test with a P<.05. Results ED discharges who were treated for general medicine conditions (n=787) and activated their GetWell Loop account experienced a 30-day revisit rate of 18.9% compared to 25.2% who did not activate their account (P=.06). For patients treated for cardiology conditions (n=722), 10.5% of patients who activated their GetWell account experienced a 30-day revisit compared to 17.4% not activating their account (P=.02). During the course of this study, 26% of patients receiving an invite to use the digital platform activated their account (n=1652) logged in a total of 4006 times, generated 734 alerts, and submitted 297 open ended comments/questions. Conclusions These results indicate the potential value of digital health platforms to improve 30-day revisit rates. The strongest impact was observed amongst cardiology patients where the revisit rate is 39.8% lower for patients using GetWell Loop compared to general medicine patients where the relative difference is 25.2%. The results also indicate patients are willing to utilize a digital platform postdischarge to proactively engage in their own care. We attempted to control for potential selection bias that may impact this analysis given patient adoption and use of a digital platform by looking for differences in the subpopulations who did and did not activate the platform. LifeBridge Health is proving healthcare systems can leverage automated mobile platforms to successfully impact clinical outcomes at scale without compromising customer service and patient experience.

Optimal Controlled Variable Selection for Cyber-Physical Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitayo Bankole ◽  
Paolo Pezzini ◽  
David Tucker ◽  
Kenneth Bryden ◽  
Debangsu Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Selection Of

The design of optimal control architectures and the optimal selection of controlled variables represents a critical task for maximizing the economic profitability of operating plants. Traditionally, controlled variables are selected based on heuristics or past experiences. For cyber-physical systems (CPS), where physical and virtual components can be integrated in the same unit to evaluate the dynamic response of innovative power cycles past experiences may not be available. Trial-and-error methods can be time-consuming and costly. Besides, the selected controlled variables may not be optimal from the economic perspective. A systematic approach to the selection of controlled variable for cyber physical systems is presented here. The method is applied to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine (GT) CPS at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV. The main result of this work is the synthesis of optimal controlled variable sets for a cyber physical system exhibiting trade offs between economics as well as controllolability of variables.

scholarly journals Artificial Consciousness as a Platform for Artificial General Intelligence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Kanai ◽  
Ippei Fujisawa ◽  
Shinya Tamai ◽  
Atsushi Magata ◽  
Masahiro Yasumoto
Keyword(s):  
Order Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
First Order ◽  
Artificial General Intelligence ◽  
Artificial Consciousness ◽  
Generation Theory ◽  
Higher Order Theory ◽  
Past Experiences

In this paper, we propose a hypothesis that consciousness has evolved to serve as a platform for general intelligence. This idea stems from considerations of potential biological functions of consciousness. Here we define general intelligence as the ability to apply knowledge and models acquired from past experiences to generate solutions to novel problems. Based on this definition, we propose three possible ways to establish general intelligence under existing methodologies for constructing AI systems, namely solution by simulation, solution by combination and solution by generation. Then, we relate those solutions to putative functions of consciousness put forward, respectively, by the information generation theory, the global workspace theory, and a form of higher order theory where qualia are regarded as meta-representations. Based on these insights, We propose that consciousness integrates a group of specialized generative/forward models and forms a complex in which combinations of those models are flexibly formed and that qualia are meta-representations of first-order mappings which endow an agent with the ability to choose which maps to use to solve novel problems. These functions can be implemented as an ``artificial consciousness''. Such systems can generate policies based on a small number of trial and error for solving novel problems. Finally, we propose possible directions for future research into artificial consciousness and artificial general intelligence.

scholarly journals Rural development: how to measure performance imbalances in agribusiness chains

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Adrienn Molnár ◽  
Xavier Gellynck
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Space Boundary ◽  
The One ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Past Experiences

The aim of this article was to contribute to the understanding of the role of intermediary organizations, and especially of network administrative organizations (NAOs) in the development of social capital in interorganizational networks in the food sector in particular. Our study shows that there are many options available to NAOs to build social capital within the networks they are responsible for; options which we propose to categorize in three main distinct groups. First, NAOs may nurture the development of social capital within the network through creating ‘space’ boundary objects which appear, in our study, to be an absolute precondition for the development of interactions and hence creation of ties between network members. Second, NAOs may impact the development of social capital by favoring certain members – or set of members – over others due to their characteristics such as good reputation, possession of common past experiences, multidisciplinary experiences, non-conflicting goals, similarity in terms of sector of activity and/or experience level and common mindset towards information exchange. Third and finally, NAOs may foster social capital development by enhancing effective communication between members on the one hand, and between members and the NAOs’ coordination and decision bodies on the other hand, via a clear mandate, network decision making bodies composed of members, the use of ex-post evaluations and formal governance mechanisms (e.g. legal contracts), and the selection of staff endowed with a proactive and perspective taking behavior and able to show neutrality when conflict arise.

Random Searches

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wei
Keyword(s):  
Random Search ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Random Searches

The reverse search starts from a set of desired properties and asks for substances that possess them. Theoretical knowledge and past experience should be relied upon to suggest where to look, since it is the fastest and least expensive approach. When theoretical knowledge and past experience have been exhausted, then random searches may be the only way to make progress, if the problem is sufficiently important and there is enough budget and patience. Table 7.1 compares some of the requirements and the pros and cons of the guided search and the random search The best strategy on how to spend resources of time and money most efficiently can be considered a problem in operations research, under the topic of “optimal resource allocation.” The best way to use the limited resources of money and time effectively may be a mixed strategy, with some guided and some random searches. Even a random search has to start somewhere. At the beginning, there should be a plan on what territories to cover and how to cover them. The plan can be deterministic, which is completely planned out in advance and executed accordingly. The plan can also be adaptive: after the arrival of each batch of results and preliminary evaluations, the plan would evolve to take advantage of the new information and understanding gained. Even a random search must begin at a starting point and stake out the most promising directions for initial explorations. In most cases, there is a lead compound that has some of the desired properties, but which is deficient in others, and serves as the starting point of the random search to find better compounds in this neighborhood. The historic cases in section 1.2 involve the modification of an existing product, such as vulcanizing raw rubber and adding an acetyl group to salicylic acid. One explores around the lead compound by using small amounts of additives, blending with other material, changing processing conditions and temperature, and changing structure by chemical reactions.

The Impact of an Automated Patient Digital Engagement Application on Revisit Reduction (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pothik Chatterjee ◽  
Adam Michael Beck ◽  
Jenna Ashley Levenson Brager ◽  
Daniel James Durand
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Digital Engagement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Patient

BACKGROUND Revisits within 30-days to an emergency department (ED), observation care unit, or inpatient setting following patient discharge continue to be a challenge, especially in urban settings. In addition to the consequences for the patient, these revisits have a negative impact on a health system’s finances in a value based care or global budget environment. LifeBridge Health, a community health system in Maryland, implemented an automated patient digital engagement application as part of the overall organization’s digital health strategy to improve patient engagement and reduce revisits to the ED. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a customized automated digital patient engagement application (GetWell Loop) to reduce 30-day revisits after home discharge from an ED or hospital inpatient setting. METHODS The LifeBridge Health Innovation Department and ED staff from two participating health system hospitals collaborated with the GetWell Network to customize their patient engagement application (GetWell Loop) with automated check-in questions and resources. An application link was e-mailed to adult patients discharged home from the ED. A retrospective study of ED visits for patients treated for general medicine and cardiology conditions between 8/1/2018 through 7/31/2019 was conducted using CRISP, Maryland’s state-designated health information exchange. We also used data within GetWell Loop to track patient activation and engagement. The primary endpoint was a comparison of ED patients that experienced a 30-day revisit and who did or did not activate their GetWell Loop account. Secondary end points included overall activation rate and the rate of engagement as measured by the number of logins, alerts, and comments generated by patients through the application. Statistical significance was calculated using the Fisher’s exact test with a P-value < 0.05. RESULTS Patients discharged from the ED who were treated for general medicine conditions (n=2087) and activated their GetWell Loop account experienced a 30-day revisit rate of 17.3% compared to 24.6% who did not activate their account (P<.001). For patients treated for cardiology conditions (n = 1779), 12.8% of patients who activated their GetWell account experienced a 30-day revisit compared to 17.7% not activating their account (P=.01). During this one-year study, 25% of all emergency patients receiving an invite to use the digital application activated their account (n=4125), logged in a total of 8935 times, generated 1911 alerts, and submitted 771 open ended comments/questions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the potential value of digital health applications to reduce 30-day revisit rates. The results also indicate patients are willing to utilize a digital application post-discharge to proactively engage in their own care. LifeBridge Health’s experience demonstrates that healthcare systems can leverage automated mobile applications to improve patient engagement and successfully impact clinical outcomes at scale.

scholarly journals Unsupervised Online Grounding for Social Robots

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Oliver Roesler ◽  
Elahe Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Agent Interaction ◽  
Situational Learning

Robots that incorporate social norms in their behaviors are seen as more supportive, friendly, and understanding. Since it is impossible to manually specify the most appropriate behavior for all possible situations, robots need to be able to learn it through trial and error, by observing interactions between humans, or by utilizing theoretical knowledge available in natural language. In contrast to the former two approaches, the latter has not received much attention because understanding natural language is non-trivial and requires proper grounding mechanisms to link words to corresponding perceptual information. Previous grounding studies have mostly focused on grounding of concepts relevant to object manipulation, while grounding of more abstract concepts relevant to the learning of social norms has so far not been investigated. Therefore, this paper presents an unsupervised cross-situational learning based online grounding framework to ground emotion types, emotion intensities and genders. The proposed framework is evaluated through a simulated human–agent interaction scenario and compared to an existing unsupervised Bayesian grounding framework. The obtained results show that the proposed framework is able to ground words, including synonyms, through their corresponding perceptual features in an unsupervised and open-ended manner, while outperfoming the baseline in terms of grounding accuracy, transparency, and deployability.

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