scholarly journals S1405 Endoscopy and Systematic Biopsy of Patients With Moderate-Severe Unexplained Gastrointestinal Symptoms Compared With Healthy Controls: High Discovery Rate of Eosinophilic Gastritis and/or Eosinophilic Duodenitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. S645-S645
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Talley ◽  
Amol P. Kamboj ◽  
William D. Chey ◽  
Henrik Rasmussen ◽  
Brian E. Lacy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastritis ◽  
Systematic Biopsy

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Eosinophilic Infiltration with Endoscopic and Histological Findings Consistent with Eosinophilic Gastritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 652-656
Author(s):  
Kazuki Yamamoto ◽  
Takeshi Okamoto ◽  
Katsuyuki Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eosinophilic Infiltration ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Medical Checkup ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastritis ◽  
History Of

Eosinophilic gastritis often presents with gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of abnormal endoscopic findings. On the other hand, endoscopic changes due to eosinophilic infiltration in an asymptomatic patient are rare. A 29-year-old woman with a history of asthma on steroid inhalers presented for an annual medical checkup. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed diffuse white granular patches in the body of the stomach, suggestive of eosinophilic gastritis. Histology showed over 100 eosinophils per high-power field, also consistent with eosinophilic gastritis. As the absence of symptoms precluded the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis, the patient was diagnosed with asymptomatic eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach.

Irritable bowel syndrome in Egyptian patients: plausible risk factors and association with intestinal protozoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza I Salem ◽  
Hend A El-Taweel ◽  
Marwa A Madkour ◽  
Naglaa F Abd El-Latif ◽  
Ebtesam S Abd-Elrazeq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Group I ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not yet clear. Our study suggested parasitic infection and other plausible risk factors among Egyptian IBS patients. We studied 40 IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome III criteria (Group I), 40 with other gastrointestinal symptoms (Group II) and 40 healthy controls (Group III). Stool samples were examined using direct wet smear, sedimentation technique, trichrome stain and immune-chromatographic tests for Cryptosporidium parvum. IBS patients displayed a significantly greater percentage of Blastocystis hominis infection (45%) than non-IBS patients (20%) and healthy controls (10%). Dientamoeba fragilis was identified in two IBS patients. Detection of B. hominis was independent of demographic characters, IBS subtype, Helicobacter pylori infection or medications, but with a positive association with a history of antibiotic intake with IBS.

scholarly journals P455 Adherence to enteral nutrition therapy by adults with active Crohn’s disease is associated with conscientiousness personality trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S406-S407
Author(s):  
C Wall ◽  
A McCombie ◽  
R Mulder ◽  
A Day ◽  
R Gearry
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

Abstract Background Conscientiousness is a personality trait characterised by the ability to control impulses, delay gratification, set and reach goals, and plan in advance. Conscientious people are more likely to be non-smokers, do physical activity and practice healthy eating behaviours. They are also more likely to be adherent to medication. The aim of this study was to assess whether people with Crohn’s disease who score high on conscientiousness are more likely to be adherent to enteral nutrition (EN) therapy than low scorers. Methods Adults aged 16 to 40 years with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease or having a flare of disease were invited by their gastroenterologist to use nutrition therapy to induce disease remission. Nutrition therapy was either eight weeks of exclusive enteral nutrition (EN) or two weeks of exclusive EN followed by six weeks of partial EN and one meal per day. A convenience control group of healthy participants with no history of gastrointestinal symptoms was also recruited to use exclusive EN for two weeks. Adherence to EN was self-reported fortnightly using a standardised questionnaire. Non-adherence was defined as patients who repeatedly ate foods while using EN or ate more than one meal per day on partial EN. Patients who could not initiate or did not tolerate the EN formula were included in the non-adherent group. Prior to starting nutrition therapy, conscientiousness was measured using the well-validated conscientiousness subset of the Big Five Inventory. Results Twenty-three (59%) of the 39 patients recruited with Crohn’s disease completed and adhered to the eight-week treatment. Reasons for non-adherence by the 14 patients who did not complete treatment included: could not initiate EN (n = 4), non-response at week 4 (n = 2), intolerance of EN (n = 7) or repeated eating of food or started eating food again prior to the end of treatment (n = 2). Seventeen (81%) of the 21 healthy controls completed and adhered to 2 weeks of exclusive EN. Reasons for non-adherence were could not initiate EN (n = 3) or intolerance of the formula (n = 1). Adherence and completion of EN therapy were associated with a greater mean conscientiousness score 35.57 (95% CI: 32.88, 38.25) compared with the non-adherence group mean 30.13 (95% CI: 26.53, 33.73), p = 0.014. Mean conscientiousness score of the healthy controls who completed exclusive EN was similar to the Crohn’s disease group (36.65 (95% CI: 33.53, 39.77), p > 0.05). Conclusion Conscientiousness was associated with adherence to EN therapy. EN therapy can be a cognitively and emotionally demanding treatment and this personality trait should ideally be considered when determining suitable candidates for EN therapy.

scholarly journals Plasma Levels of the Bioactive Sphingolipid Metabolite S1P in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Potential Target for Immunonutrition?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Emina Halilbasic ◽  
Elisabeth Fuerst ◽  
Denise Heiden ◽  
Lukasz Japtok ◽  
Susanne C. Diesner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Recent research has linked sphingolipid (SL) metabolism with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity, affecting bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We hypothesize that loss of CFTR function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients influenced plasma S1P levels. Total and unbound plasma S1P levels were measured in 20 lung-transplanted adult CF patients and 20 healthy controls by mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). S1P levels were correlated with CFTR genotype, routine laboratory parameters, lung function and pathogen colonization, and clinical symptoms. Compared to controls, CF patients showed lower unbound plasma S1P, whereas total S1P levels did not differ. A positive correlation of total and unbound S1P levels was found in healthy controls, but not in CF patients. Higher unbound S1P levels were measured in ΔF508-homozygous compared to ΔF508-heterozygous CF patients (p = 0.038), accompanied by higher levels of HDL in ΔF508-heterozygous patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in ΔF508 heterozygotes compared to ΔF508 homozygotes. This is the first clinical study linking plasma S1P levels with CFTR function and clinical presentation in adult CF patients. Given the emerging role of immunonutrition in CF, our study might pave the way for using S1P as a novel biomarker and nutritional target in CF.

scholarly journals Gut mycobiota alterations in patients with COVID-19 and H1N1 and associations with immune and gastrointestinal symptoms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxian Lv ◽  
Silan Gu ◽  
Huiyong Jiang ◽  
Ren Yan ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
H1n1 Flu

Abstract The relationship between gut microbes and COVID-19 or H1N1 flu is not fully understood. Here, we compared gut mycobiota of 67 COVID-19 patients, 35 H1N1 patients and 48 healthy controls (HCs) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 3-ITS4 sequencing. Fungal richness decreased in COVID-19 and H1N1 patients compared to HCs, but fungal diversity decreased in only H1N1 patients. Fungal mycobiota dysbiosis in both COVID-19 and H1N1 patients was mainly characterized by depletions of fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, but several fungi, such as Candida parapsilosis, and Malassezia yamatoensis, were enriched in H1N1 patients. The altered fungal taxa were strongly associated with clinical features such as the incidence of diarrhoea, albumin. Gut mycobiota between COVID-19 patients with mild and severity symptoms are not different, as well as between COVID-19 patients in and out hospital. Therefore, gut mycobiota dysbiosis occur in covid-19 or H1N1 patients and do not improve until discharge.

scholarly journals Gastric Electrical Dysarrhythmia in Probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjiao Peng ◽  
Shuming Ji ◽  
Wanling Li ◽  
Wanlin Lai ◽  
Xiangmiao Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
And Gender

Background: Subjective gastrointestinal complaints have been repeatedly reported in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), but objective evidence is scarce. We aimed to objectively investigate the gastrointestinal dysfunction in individuals with probable RBD (pRBD) using an electrogastrogram.Methods: Thirty-two participants with pRBD and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. pRBD was diagnosed based on questionnaires and further assessed by experienced neurologists. After thorough assessment of participants' subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, preprandial and postprandial gastric activities were measured using an electrogastrogram. Dominant frequency, dominant power ratio, and the ratio of preprandial to postprandial power were analyzed.Results: Among the gastric symptoms, hiccup (34.8 vs. 9.6%, p = 0.017) and postprandial gastric discomfort (43.5 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.017) were more frequent in participants with pRBD than in controls. The dominant frequency on the electrode overlying the gastric pyloric antrum was lower in pRBD than in healthy controls (2.9 [2.6–2.9] vs. 2.9 [2.9–3.2] cpm, p = 0.006). A reduced dominant power ratio from the same electrode was also found in individuals with pRBD (60.7 [58.0–64.5] vs. 64.2 [58.7–69.6] %, p = 0.046).Conclusion: Patients with pRBD have a higher rate of gastric dysfunction, which presented as irregular slow wave rhythmicity on an electrogastrogram.

Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children: A Practical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Amelia Licari ◽  
Martina Votto ◽  
Enza D’Auria ◽  
Riccardo Castagnoli ◽  
Silvia Maria Elena Caimmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eosinophilic Colitis ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis

Primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by eosinophilic inflammation in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia, selectively affecting different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. While pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a well-defined disease with established guidelines, Eosinophilic Gastritis (EoG), Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis (EoGE) and Eosinophilic Colitis (EoC) remain a clinical enigma with evidence based on limited anecdotal case reports. Large cross-sectional studies in the US defined a prevalence of EoG and EoGE ranging from 1,5 to 6,4/100.000 and from 2,7 to 8,3/100.000 subjects respectively, while the prevalence of EoC ranges from 1,7 to 3,5/100.000 subjects. Regarding the pathogenesis, it is hypothesized that EGIDs result from the interplay between genetic predisposition, intestinal dysbiosis and environmental triggers. Clinically, EGIDs might present with different and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms depending on the involved intestinal tract and the extension of eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis of EGIDs requires: 1. recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms, 2. increased eosinophils for high power field in biopsy specimens, 3. absence of secondary causes of gastrointestinal eosinophilia. No validated guidelines are available on the clinical management of patients with EGIDs. Evidence from case reports and small uncontrolled case series suggests the use of dietary and corticosteroids as the first-line treatments. Considering the clinical follow-up of EGIDs, three different patterns of disease course are identified: single flare, recurring course-disease and chronic course-disease. This review will focus on pediatric EGIDs distal to esophagus, including Eosinophilic Gastritis (EoG), Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis (EoGE) and Eosinophilic Colitis (EoC).

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