scholarly journals DESIGN THEORY FOR THE PRESSING CHAMBER IN THE SOLID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION PROCESS

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kováčová ◽  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Biomass Densification ◽  
Solid Biofuel

The quality of a high-grade solid biofuel depends on many factors, which can be divided into three main groups - material, technological and structural. The main focus of this paper is on observing the influence of structural parameters in the biomass densification process. The main goal is to model various options for the geometry of the pressing chamber and the influence of these structural parameters on the quality of the briquettes. We will provide a mathematical description of the whole physical process of densifying a particular material and extruding it through a cylindrical chamber and through a conical chamber. We have used basic mathematical models to represent the pressure process based on the geometry of the chamber. In this paper we try to find the optimized parameters for the geometry of the chamber in order to achieve high briquette quality with minimal energy input. All these mathematical models allow us to optimize the energy input of the process, to control the final quality of the briquettes and to reduce wear to the chamber. The practical results show that reducing the diameter and the length of the chamber, and the angle of the cone, has a strong influence on the compaction process and, consequently, on the quality of the briquettes. The geometric shape of the chamber also has significant influence on its wear. We will try to offer a more precise explanation of the connections between structural parameters, geometrical shapes and the pressing process. The theory described here can help us to understand the whole process and influence every structural parameter in it.

The Effectiveness Criterion for Densification of Wood Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Biomass Densification ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Two Stages

Densification process of biomass to the form of high-grade solid biofuel (briquette or pellet) is influenced by amount of technological factors. Size fraction and moisture content of raw material have the most importance. The densification process may be describing by complicated mathematical models based on behaviour of pressed particular matter. Therefore it is complicated to energy optimize the process. This paper deals with a methodology for determining the compressibility for pine sawdust on the basis of experiments. It also specifies the effectiveness criterion for biomass densification in order to optimize the densification process in terms of energy input. The experiments were performed in two stages. The first stage was an experimental investigation of the influence of size fraction and moisture content on the final compressibility of pine sawdust. High-pressure binderless densification of pine processing residues in the form of sawdust was studied. A piston-and-die process was used to produce densified briquettes under 20 °C temperature and at pressure up to 159 MPa. The results show the behaviour of the pressure load when the parameters of the particulate matter are changed. In the second stage, the experiments were evaluated and optimized to achieve minimum energy input of the process and a maximum degree of densification. For this purpose the Effectiveness Criterion for Densification was designed

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF SOLID BIOFUELS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING WASTES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
A. Makarynska ◽  
T. Turpurova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
European Standards

The article is devoted to the issues of solid biofuel production. The classification of biomass used in the production of solid biofuels by origin is given. The main types of grain waste in the southern region for the production of solid biofuels are identified.The article analyzes the soybean market in the world and Ukraine, shows the trend of growing soybean production, which is caused by the growing demand for food and feed purposes. Soybean yield indicators in Ukraine are analyzed and it is found that Kherson region is one of the leaders of soybean yields for 2019. It is shown that in soybean cultivation in Ukraine a considerable amount of secondary resource is obtained - straw, as a by-product of crop production. It is established that the average yield of rice of Kherson region prevails in Ukraine, a large amount of rice husk is formed during processing of raw rice. Physico-mechanical properties of rice husk and soybean straw have been determined. The possibility of production of fuel briquettes from the waste was considered, technological scheme of production of fuel briquettes from waste, which are formed at the enterprises of processing industry and by-products of crop production is given. The technology of production of fuel briquettes from soy straw and rice husk was introduced at the enterprise of Kherson region, which is engaged in cultivation and processing of soybeans and rice. Quality indicators of fuel briquettes were determined: humidity, ash, sulfur, carbon content, volatile matter yield and specific combustion heat. It is established that the quality of fuel pellets is significantly influenced by humidity, degree of grinding and physical and chemical properties of raw materials. When the moisture content of raw materials more than 14% decreases the density of the granules and, due to the evaporation of moisture, cracks appear in the granules, which reduce their strength. With the reduction of the average particle size of the biomass to 2 mm, the quality of the fuel products increases, but the fine fraction of the biomass of the matrix is erased. The heat of combustion of the obtained solid briquettes exceeds the normative values of European standards at a level not lower than 18 MJ / kg. Ash content (0.5 %), normalized by European standards, is practically unavailable for Ukrainian producers, fuel briquettes made from soy straw and husks have higher normalized ash values in accordance with 7.0 and 14.0 %, which reduces their quality indicators.

scholarly journals Wettability and Phylogenetic Development of Feather Structure in Water Birds

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. RIJKE
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Water Birds

1. The water repellency of feathers is determined mainly, but not exclusively, by a structural parameter which can be expressed in terms of diameter and spacing of the barbs and barbules. 2. Effective waterproofing properties result from the optimal balance of structural parameter and resistance to water penetration. 3. Comparison of the structural parameters for water birds with the geological time interval of their earliest fossil record shows a phylogenetic tendency toward optimizing waterprooftng properties with the course of time. 4. Several behavioural patterns are discussed which may have evolved under the selective pressure of the quality of water repellency and resistance to water penetration.

scholarly journals Change of Pressing Chamber Conicalness at Briquetting Process in Briquetting Machine Pressing Chamber

10.14311/1554 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Križan ◽  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Jaan Kers ◽  
Djordje Vukelić
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Conical Shape ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we will present the impact of the conical shape of a pressing chamber, an important structural parameter. Besides the known impact of the technological parameters of pressing chambers, it is also very important to pay attention to their structural parameters. In the introduction, we present a theoretical analysis of pressing chamber conicalness. An experiment aimed at detecting this impact was performed at our institute, and it showed that increasing the conicalness of a pressing chamber improves the quality of the final briquettes. The conicalness of the pressing chamber has a significanteffect on the final briquette quality and on the construction of briquetting machines. The experimental findings presented here show the importance of this parameter in the briquetting process.

scholarly journals Modeling of Aerodynamic Separation of Preliminarily Stratified Grain Mixture in Vertical Pneumatic Separation Duct

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4383
Author(s):  
Serhii Kharchenko ◽  
Yurii Borshch ◽  
Stepan Kovalyshyn ◽  
Mykhailo Piven ◽  
Magomed Abduev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Granular Mixture ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Pneumatic Separation ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Light Impurities ◽  
Vertical Duct ◽  
Positive Effect

The productivity of most grain cleaning machines seems to be directly related to the efficiency of vertical pneumatic separation ducts. Nevertheless, improvement is accompanied by an increase in the load of the vertical duct, the design of which is limited by the width of the grain cleaning machines. This requires an increase in the thickness of the layer of grain mixture that enters the working area of the duct, which significantly worsens the conditions of separation of its components under the action of airflow. Particles of light impurities are unable to separate due to their retention by the grain medium. This reduces the quality of cleaning and requires appropriate scientific and technical solutions. The application of preliminary stratification of the granular mixture while increasing the concentration of light impurities in the top layer of the mixture seems to be a prospective method. The positive effect of the previous stratification on the intensity of redistribution of light impurity particles in the working zone has been theoretically considered and experimentally confirmed. Mathematical models were obtained to determine the trajectory of discussed particles, taking into account the previous stratification of mixtures, and the corresponding dependences were established. The influence of the initial coordination of the introduction of the particles of lightweight impurities, their sizes and densities, and technological and structural parameters of operation of the pneumatic separation duct were taken into account in the studies. The intensification of the process of cleaning grain from lightweight impurities in the working zones of pneumatic separation ducts of grain cleaning machines is theoretically substantiated.

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System Development ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

Simultaneous implementation of sludge dewatering and solid biofuel production by microwave torrefaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 110775
Author(s):  
Congyu Zhang ◽  
Shih-Hsin Ho ◽  
Wei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Chun Fong Eng ◽  
Chin-Tsan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Simultaneous Implementation

scholarly journals Syngas Quality as a Key Factor in the Design of an Energy-Efficient Pyrolysis Plant for Scrap Tyres

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Czajczyńska ◽  
Renata Krzyżyńska ◽  
Hussam Jouhara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Industrial Emissions Directive ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Quality Of Products

In 2016 4.94 million tonnes of tyres were produced. Each tyre eventually become waste and pyrolysis has been considered an effective way of utilizing scrap tyres for several decades. However, pyrolysis has failed many times because the process has a great energy demand and the quality of products is unstable or insufficient for commercial use. Usually plants are focused on the production of pyrolytic oil or char and the gaseous phase is only a by-product. In this paper the importance of composition and quality of pyrolytic gas is emphasized. The main chemical properties make this gas a valuable biofuel that may satisfy energy requirements of the whole process (except for the start-up phase). Available data from literature concerning composition and other features of the pyrolytic gas from scrap tyres obtained at temperatures up to 1000 °C are compared with experimental results. The quality of evolved gases is discussed in the context of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED), too. Finally, an analysis of the mass balances obtained allows a decision about the business profile and profitability.

Quality Monitoring System for Seismic While Drilling

2013 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 572-575
Author(s):  
Li Li Yu ◽  
Yu Hong Li ◽  
Ai Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Network Status

In this paper a quality monitoring system for seismic while drilling (SWD) that integrates the whole process of data acquisition was developed. The acquisition equipment, network status and signals of accelerometer and geophone were monitored real-time. With fast signal analysis and quality evaluation, the acquisition parameters and drilling engineering parameters can be adjusted timely. The application of the system can improve the quality of data acquisition and provide subsequent processing and interpretation with high qualified reliable data.

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