scholarly journals For God, King, and Country: Nineteenth-Century Methodist Interpretations of the War of 1812

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Tyler Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Popular Books

The War of 1812 almost ruined Episcopal Methodism in Upper Canada. During the War, the American itinerants were unable to travel in the land and, after the War, their detractors used their connection to America to undermine their influence in the loyal Province. This article offers two examples in order to highlight the ways in which the Methodists themselves used the war to prove their loyalty as well as their role in developing the land that would one day become Canada. The first example looks at how Methodists in the Reform party of the 1828 House of Assembly viewed their denomination’s role during and in the years following the War. The second example looks at the publication of two popular books in 1880 that defended the contribution American Methodists had made to the British war effort. These examples moved the issue of Methodist loyalty into the sphere of politics and public policy and showed how the ongoing interpretation of the War of 1812 continued to affect these Methodists throughout the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Chief of this River

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Rick Fehr ◽  
Janet Macbeth ◽  
Summer Sands Macbeth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous History ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
The Face

The narratives of European settlement in Canada have largely excluded the presence of Indigenous peoples on contested lands. This article offers an exploration of an Anishinaabeg community and a regional chief in early nineteenth century Upper Canada. The community known as the Chenail Ecarté land, and Chief Zhaawni-binesi, have become historically obscure. Through the use of primary documents the authors explore the community’s history, its relocation, and Chief Zhaawni-binesi’s role in the War of 1812 and in community life. Ultimately, the paper charts the relocation of the community in the face of mounting settler encroachment. The discussion attempts to increase knowledge and appreciation of Indigenous history in Southwestern Ontario.

The Irish Hero

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Jane G.V. McGaughey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Upper Canada

This chapter is a case study of James FitzGibbon, the “Irish Everyman” of Upper Canada. He was one of the best-known Irishmen in the Canadas in the first half of the nineteenth century, with a sterling public reputation for heroism, physical courage, and gentlemanly conduct during his lifetime. A protégé of General Sir Isaac Brock and a noted officer during the War of 1812, FitzGibbon later was a famous mediator between Irish Catholic immigrants and the colonial establishment and a ‘one-man riot squad’ when threats of Irish violence turned into actual altercations. After the 1840s, however, he became a mostly forgotten figure, in part perhaps because his representations of Irish manliness and heroism were so thoroughly traditional. This chapter is the first to explore his importance to his fellow Irishmen in the Canadas and to the colonial establishment through ethnic and gendered paradigms.

scholarly journals Contesting the Protestant Consensus

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-214
Author(s):  
James Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Consensus Model ◽  
Vital Force ◽  
Evangelical Culture ◽  
Upper Canadian

This article challenges the premise that a Protestant consensus emerged in Upper Canada by the mid-nineteenth century by examining the persistence of politically influential, dissenting evangelical voluntarists who advocated the secularization of the clergy reserves. State- Chruch efforts were strongly contested by evangelicals who had come to believe that the purity of their faith was marked by its independence from the state as well as its revivalism. Using the Toronto-based Christian Guardian, this article traces a clash between the British Wesleyans and the generally voluntarist Upper Canadian Methodists as they sought to claim the legacy of Methodism in the colony. Overall, this article seeks to highlight the persistence of an early dissenting evangelical culture, not as an exception to the rule of consensus, but as a significant influence in colonial public policy and a vital force in Upper Canadian Protestantism that calls into question the consensus model.

Dental caries in nineteenth century Upper Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley R. Saunders ◽  
Carol De Vito ◽  
M. Anne Katzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Upper Canada

scholarly journals For Fate and Fortune: American Privateers in the War of 1812

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Lee Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Naval Force

Despite their importance to the maritime war effort, American privateers and letter-of-marques are often overlooked by historians concerned with the War of 1812. Although they did not represent a formal branch of the American naval force, they served to inflict more damage on British commerce than the entire United States Navy combined. These men risked their lives by sailing against the world's most formidable naval force. Countless men lost their lives aboard American privateers and others saw their livelihoods (ships) destroyed at the hands of the British. The question of why these men chose to engage in such a perilous activity has perplexed historians for decades. This paper looks to cast new light on the subject, revealing the often overlooked power money has to encourage these men's participation in an otherwise perilous activity.Professor: Dr. Renée Lafferty-SalhanyCourse: HIST 4P10Grade Recieved: 92%

Prison Crowding and the Evolution of Public Policy

1985 ◽  
Vol 478 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN MULLEN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Budget Constraints ◽  
The Public ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Eighth Amendment ◽  
The Future ◽  
American Prison

While crowding has been a persistent feature of the American prison since its invention in the nineteenth century, the last decade of crisis has brought more outspoken media investigations of prison conditions, higher levels of political and managerial turmoil, and a judiciary increasingly willing to bring the conditions of confinement under the scope of Eighth Amendment review. With the added incentive of severe budget constraints, liberals and conservatives alike now question whether this is any way to do business. Although crowding cannot be defined by quantitative measures alone, many institutions have far exceeded their limits of density according to minimum standards promulgated by the corrections profession. Some fall far below any reasonable standard of human decency. The results are costly, dangerous, and offensive to the public interest. Breaking the cycle of recurrent crisis requires considered efforts to address the decentralized, discretionary nature of sentence decision making and to link sentencing policies to the resources available to the corrections function. The demand to match policy with resources is simply a call for more rational policymaking. To ask for less is to allow the future of corrections to resemble its troubled past.

History of Research in Developmental Psychology

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
W. Andrew Collins ◽  
Willard W. Hartup
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

This chapter summarizes the emergence and prominent features of a science of psychological development. Pioneering researchers established laboratories in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century to examine the significance of successive changes in the organism with the passage of time. American psychologists, many of whom had studied in the European laboratories, subsequently inaugurated similar efforts in the United States. Scientific theories and methods in the fledgling field were fostered by developments in experimental psychology, but also in physiology, embryology, ethology, and sociology. Moreover, organized efforts to provide information about development to parents, educators, and public policy specialists further propagated support for developmental science. The evolution of the field in its first century has provided a substantial platform for future developmental research.

Social Class and the Family Compact: the Class System in the Cataraqui Townships, Ernestown, and Kingston from 1791-1820

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Class System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Post War

Scholars have often assumed that the Upper Canadian social class system was shaped by a hierarchical and landed patronage system known as the Family Compact. Based on the views of Bishop John Strachan and Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, this Family Compact is viewed as a post-War of 1812 development and is said to replace the oligarchy that was in place in 1791. An examination of the Loyalist settlement townships, in particular Ernestown Township and the Cataraqui Townships, suggests instead that a mercantile aristocracy of patronage and wealth existed by 1791, including Richard Cartwright Jr. of Kingston, along with rural leaders such as the Fairfields and Parrotts of Ernestown. This study of a key and complex time and place challenges prevailing views on class and class consciousness in Upper Canada and refines our understanding of this society. Such an investigation is timely given both the seeming unwillingness of historians to fully challenge existing depictions of the Upper Canadian class system, despite their noticeable flaws, and the impending commemorations of the War of 1812. Using archival documents ( accounts and letters) relating to two Loyalist/merchant families (the Parrotts and the Fairfields) along with a re-interpretation of secondary sources, a new view of a “Merchant Compact” is explored. This approach encompasses the changing relations of the settlements in question (Ernestown/Bath and Kingston) and shows the importance of previously neglected figures such as James Parrott. More broadly, it contributes new layers of analysis to the discussion of class consciousness in Upper Canada.

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