Social Class and the Family Compact: the Class System in the Cataraqui Townships, Ernestown, and Kingston from 1791-1820

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Class System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Post War

Scholars have often assumed that the Upper Canadian social class system was shaped by a hierarchical and landed patronage system known as the Family Compact. Based on the views of Bishop John Strachan and Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, this Family Compact is viewed as a post-War of 1812 development and is said to replace the oligarchy that was in place in 1791. An examination of the Loyalist settlement townships, in particular Ernestown Township and the Cataraqui Townships, suggests instead that a mercantile aristocracy of patronage and wealth existed by 1791, including Richard Cartwright Jr. of Kingston, along with rural leaders such as the Fairfields and Parrotts of Ernestown. This study of a key and complex time and place challenges prevailing views on class and class consciousness in Upper Canada and refines our understanding of this society. Such an investigation is timely given both the seeming unwillingness of historians to fully challenge existing depictions of the Upper Canadian class system, despite their noticeable flaws, and the impending commemorations of the War of 1812. Using archival documents ( accounts and letters) relating to two Loyalist/merchant families (the Parrotts and the Fairfields) along with a re-interpretation of secondary sources, a new view of a “Merchant Compact” is explored. This approach encompasses the changing relations of the settlements in question (Ernestown/Bath and Kingston) and shows the importance of previously neglected figures such as James Parrott. More broadly, it contributes new layers of analysis to the discussion of class consciousness in Upper Canada.

scholarly journals Constructing Innocence: Representations of Sexual Violence in Upper Canada’s War of 1812

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbeth Heaman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Press ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Political Differences

This essay explores the way in which rape was represented in Upper Canada circa 1812. It draws upon a broadly defined Upper Canadian print culture that drew upon and reacted against wider trends, especially those prevalent in the United States. Whereas American newspapers spoke openly of sexual violence against American women during the War of 1812, Upper Canadian sources tended to suppress any such discussion, for reasons that reflect profound cultural and political differences. Americans stoked a rowdy, popular patriotism that Canadians distrusted and sought to avert. The analysis of national differences is contextualized within broader changes in the ways that rape was constructed in the press and the courts over the first half of the nineteenth century, in ways that worked to muffle women’s public voice. But the War of 1812’s most famous heroine, Laura Secord, was not silenced. Writing almost half a century later, Secord challenged discursive conventions of gender when she had her say and made herself a hero. The final section examines how Secord and her early commentators interwove literary signals of danger and respectability in their published accounts.

Affective formations of class consciousness: Care consciousness

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Crean
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Class System ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Affective Relations

This article explores affective formations of class consciousness. Through autoethnography and conversations and discussion sessions with working class women, the article contributes to a sociology of social class that recognises how people come to know their class positioning in spaces outside of waged relations. The article argues that affective relations and affective inequalities inform women’s experiences and consciousness of inequality generated by the class system. Their consciousness of the class system is narrated through their care relational identities, discontent with affective inequalities generated by the class system and their attitudes and actions for social change. This implies an affective formation of class consciousness referred to as care consciousness. Care consciousness takes seriously what is refused legitimacy at a sociological and political level yet articulated privately by the women as they discuss experiences of the class system.

scholarly journals Upper Canada Preserved

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Nathan Ewen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Canadian Identity ◽  
Conscious Effort ◽  
Citizen Soldiers ◽  
Upper Canadian

Following the end of the War of 1812, there was a conscious effort on the part of prominent Upper Canadians to immortalize the deeds and contributions of the Canadian Militia. Hugely overstating their meagre efforts,  these figures claimed the lions share of victory for the citizen soldiers, ignoring the far more meaningful and significant effect that British redcoats and Indigenous warriors had in defeating the Americans. By creating this myth these prominent men, many of whom served in the militia, sought to enrich and entrench their positions in Upper Canadian society. Additionally, this Militia Myth helped form a new sense of Canadian identity (a specifically British version of it), that would be crucial in fostering a new nationalism that would emerge in mid-19th century Upper Canada.

scholarly journals Upper Canadian Thermidor

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis McKim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Upper Canadian

This article challenges the notion that the Family Compact was a self-interested clique who stunted Upper Canada’s political, social, and economic development. It argues, instead, that members of the group articulated a dynamic vision for the colony premised on the “balanced” British constitution, state-aided Anglicanism, and a vibrant agrarian economy led by a paternalistic elite. Of central importance to the Compact’s vision for Upper Canada was a longstanding conservative tradition that had its roots in late-seventeenth-century England, and was reinforced a century later by a multifaceted counter-revolutionary phenomenon that manifested on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Scheming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán Damer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
House Building

This book seeks to explain how the Corporation of Glasgow, in its large-scale council house-building programme in the inter- and post-war years, came to reproduce a hierarchical Victorian class structure. The three tiers of housing scheme which it constructed – Ordinary, Intermediate, and Slum-Clearance – effectively signified First, Second and Third Class. This came about because the Corporation uncritically reproduced the offensive and patriarchal attitudes of the Victorian bourgeoisie towards the working-class. The book shows how this worked out on the ground in Glasgow, and describes the attitudes of both authoritarian housing officials, and council tenants. This is the first time the voice of Glasgow’s council tenants has been heard. The conclusion is that local council housing policy was driven by unapologetic considerations of social class.

Family Courts and Human Security in South West Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Oluwaleye Monisola
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

The trend of violence against women in Nigeria has increased more than ever recently, with many women having been deprived of their fundamental rights. Violence against women in Nigeria includes sexual harassment, physical violence, harmful traditional practices, emotional and psychological violence, and socio-economic violence. This article investigates cases of domestic violence against women in South West Nigeria by assessing the role of family courts in the adjudication of such cases. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed to examine incidents of violence against women and the role of the family courts in ensuring justice. The author employed both primary and secondary sources of data; the data gathered were analysed by frequency and simple percentages, while qualitative data were descriptively analysed. The article reveals the causes of domestic violence against women to include a cultural belief in male superiority, women’s lack of awareness of their rights, women’s poverty owing to joblessness, men seeking sexual satisfaction by force, women having only male children, the social acceptance of discipline, the failure to punish the perpetrators of violence, the influence of alcohol, and in-laws’ interference in marital relationships. It also reveals the nature of domestic violence against women. The research revealed that the family courts have played prominent roles in protecting and defending the rights of women. The author therefore recommends that the law should strengthen the family courts by extending their power to penalise the perpetrators of violence against women. 

GENRE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL IN THE OSSETIAN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. Бритаева
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

В представленной статье на материале произведений Музафера Дзасохова известного современного осетинского писателя, поэта, публициста, переводчика, рассматриваются художественные особенности лирической прозы, а именно, автобиографической повести в осетинской детской литературе. Повесть Весенние звезды (1973) и ее продолжение На берегу Уршдона Барагун (1981) стали началом эпопеи о жизни отдельно взятой семьи, а на их примере всей страны в тяжелые послевоенные годы. В качестве одной из важнейших констант художественного мира писателя рассматривается образ детства. В ходе анализа особое внимание уделяется преобладанию нравственного аспекта, актуализации проблемы регулятивно-воспитательной функции национального этикета, ценностно-нормативных ориентиров осетинской ментальности. С опорой на биографический и историко-генетический методы, основное внимание в исследовании акцентируется на темах послевоенного детства, роли семьи и общества в формировании нравственных ориентиров, в становлении личности, образе матери, теме памяти, а также на художественном осмыслении этих проблем и тем в автобиографических повестях писателя. Типологически воплощение детской темы в творчестве М. Дзасохова во многом опирается на традицию изображения детства в русской автобиографической прозе XX в. В заключительной части сформулированы выводы, отражающие особенности лирической прозы в творчестве М. Дзасохова, обозначено место автобиографических повестей автора в контексте осетинской детской литературы второй половины XX века.Актуальность и научная новизна работы обусловлены недостаточной исследованностью истории и проблем осетинской детской литературы. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при написании истории осетинской детской литературы. The present article examines the artistic features of lyrical prose, namely, autobiographical story in the Ossetian childrens literature in the works of Muzafer Dzasokhov, a well-known modern Ossetian writer, poet, publicist, translator. The story Spring Stars (1973) and its continuation - On the Bank of Ursdon Baragun ... (1981) marked the beginning of an epic about the life of a family, and via their fates the author shows life of the whole country in the difficult post-war years. The theme of childhood is considered as one of the most important constants of the writers artistic world. In the course of the analysis, special attention is paid to the predominance of the moral aspect, the actualization of the problem of the regulatory and educational function of national etiquette, the value and normative guidelines of the Ossetian mentality. The focus of the study is based on biographical and historical-genetic methods and highlights the themes of post-war childhood, the role of the family and society in the formation of moral guidelines, in the formation of personality, the image of the mother, the theme of memory, as well as on the artistic understanding of these problems and topics in autobiographical novels of the writer. Typologically, the embodiment of the childrens theme in the works of M. Dzasokhov is largely based on the tradition of depicting childhood in Russian autobiographical prose of the XXth century. The formulated conclusions in the final part reflect the peculiarities of lyrical prose in the works of M. Dzasokhov, the place of the authors autobiographical stories is indicated in the context of Ossetian childrens literature of the second half of the XXth century. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work are due to insufficient research on the history and problems of Ossetian childrens literature. The results of the study can be used in writing the history of Ossetian childrens literature.

scholarly journals A public library cannot live on books alone: A lesson from history

IFLA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Șerbănuță
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
System Development ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Archival Documents

For almost half a century Romania was under a totalitarian regime. In times of severe censorship and information control the communist regime promoted public libraries. This paper will present the main phases of the public library system development and discuss how the state’s emphasis on providing large collections of books influenced library services. As part of an oral history project, this paper will use memories of people who worked in public libraries of various sizes in the 1970s and the 1980s, archival documents and secondary sources to contribute to a more nuanced discussion about the recent history of Romanian public libraries. What were the phases of the development of the national library system and how important was the library collection for the institutional survival of the public library? The paper will also discuss the collection development policy and contrast it with the impoverished professional development within the library system.

scholarly journals Review of the book: Gavrilov S.V. Representative authority of Kamchatka (1917–1977)(1977–1993).

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Nikolay F. Bugay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Kamchatka Region ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Work Done

In the proposed review of scientific research, set out in 2 books, in a chronological framework: 1917–1977. and 1977–1993, the analysis of social technologies associated with the forms of organization of councils as state authorities, its political basis in the USSR / Russia, their capabilities, which had transformations during the periods of their formation and development, as well as other types – executive committees, revolutionary committees (revolutionary committees). The process of the emergence of the system of these authorities on the territory of the Kamchatka province / region is considered. The attitude of the researcher to the study of aspects of the topic is shown. His knowledge of both the essence of the existing assessments of their role, and the contribution to the development of the system itself. The content of directions for improving the management and regulation of social processes is analyzed. Attention is drawn to the direction of solutions to the problems of strengthening statehood, achieving effective activity of structural units, from lower to higher authorities. The author identified about 2000 portraits of political and public figures, representatives of this system in the Kamchatka region, disclosed the forms and methods of their work in different areas of management, development of the community of peoples on the territory of the multinational region. Materials and methods. In the writing of a review, the appeal to such methods as historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological, which allows, in aggregate, to trace the differences of the process, events that reflect the essence of the phenomenon that characterize the interaction, prevails. Along with this, a comparison of the processes of development of society and the management system at different stages of the period under study in 1917–1977, the military situation on the eve of the war, the war period of 1941–1945, post-war reconstruction, 1977–1993, the degree of generalization by the author of the material presented, revealing by him the essence of the transformations that took place. It is also obvious that there was every reason for attracting the prosopographic method of research, which allows not only to fully cognize the person (who represents power), but also to show the background of events. As for the materials directly, http://www.hist-edu.ru Историческая и социально-образовательная мысль. Toм 13 №2, 2021 Historical and Social-Educational Idea. Volume 13 #2, 2021 295 the researcher evaluates those that are used by him in the narrative – "living sources" (archival documents, press, memoirs) Due to the lack of analysis of the historiography of the problem under study, it is possible to present not only an assessment of the work done by the author. They mention, with rare exceptions, for example, the works of the famous writer of the Kamchatka Territory A.A. Smyshlyaev, as well as a collection of documents. The author identifies in the course of his work a large corps of workers' deputies employed in the past or in modern conditions in the work of government bodies (since 1917), of whom about 2 thousand people are mentioned.

scholarly journals «ЧЕРКАСОВСКОЕ» ДВИЖЕНИЕ В ЯЛТЕ 1944 г.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
N.D. Borshchik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

The article deals with the problems of post-war reconstruction of Yalta – one of the most popular resorts of the Soviet Union. During the great Patriotic war, this all-Union health resort was subjected to barbaric destruction and looting. The fascist occupation regime (1941-1944) caused enormous damage to the health resort Fund of Yalta, the city economy and the entire infrastructure of the southern coast of Crimea. The rapid return to the pre-war structure and the commissioning of social facilities has become a priority for the regional authorities and the population. In addition to traditional methods, the Patriotic «Сherkassov» movement, which began in the liberated Stalingrad in 1943 and spread throughout the country, was widely used. A solid Foundation was laid for the interaction of the city administration of Yalta and the local population with the commanders and soldiers of the red Army. Based on the analysis of archival documents of the State archive of the Republic of Crimea, it was possible to trace the course of restoration work in the fi rst months after the liberation of the Crimean Peninsula from fascism. It is established that for the rapid restoration and functioning of the Yalta resorts, public activists launched a socialist competition on «Сherkassov» methods

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