scholarly journals Bioactivities and analysis of peptides from Sumbawa horse milk generated by Bacillus thuringiensis protease

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eni Kusumaningtyas ◽  
R. Widiastuti ◽  
H. D. Kusumaningrum ◽  
M. T. Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Bioactive Peptide ◽  
Peptide Fraction ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

<p class="abstrak2">Sumbawa horse milk is claimed to cure some diseases such as asthma, hypertension, diabetes and gastrointestinal disorder but its potential bioactive peptide has not been explored. The aims of this study are to evaluate bioactivities peptides from Sumbawa horse milk protein hydrolysate and to analyzethe physio-chemical properties of selected peptides. The milk protein was hydrolyzed by Bacillus thuringiensis protease, the peptide produced were sequential fractionated and then analyzed for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The peptide fraction &lt;3 kDa was then sequenced using LCMS-MS and the physio-chemical properties of the peptides were analyzed. The result showed that peptides fraction &lt;3 kDa from the 30 min hydrolysis was the most active as antibacterial and more active to Gram negative bacteria.  For antioxidant, scavenging activity of the fraction per µg protein/mL were 83% to ABTS and 31% to DPPH radicals. The values were similar with vitamin C 12.5 µg/mL for ABTS and 14.5 µg/mL for DPPH. Peptide <tt>HPYFYAPELLYYANK with molecular weight prediction </tt>1887.92 Da and isoelectric point 7.47 has high therapeutic index prediction (64.75). The result showed that peptides from Sumbawa horse milk hydrolyzed by Bacillus thuringiensis protease was active as antibacterial and antioxidant. Peptide <tt>HPYFYAPELLYYANK from fraction &lt;3 kDa was potential as antibacterial.</tt></p><p><strong>Key Words:</strong> <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>, Bioactive Peptide, Horse Milk</p>

Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Epigenetics Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098
Author(s):  
Fengqian Chen ◽  
Yunzhen Shi ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications in cancer and the epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy. Due to their undesired side effects, the use of epigenetic drugs as chemo-drugs in cancer therapies is limited. The drug delivery system opens a door for minimizing these side effects and achieving greater therapeutic benefits. The limitations of current epigenetic therapies in clinical cancer treatment and the advantages of using drug delivery systems for epigenetic agents are also discussed. Combining drug delivery systems with epigenetic therapy is a promising approach to reaching a high therapeutic index and minimizing the side effects.

Food and drugs

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelija Djakovic-Svajcer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Drug Bioavailability

Food can exert a significant influence on the effects of certain drugs. The interactions between food and drugs can be pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions most often take place on absorption and drug metabolism levels. Absorption can be either accelerated or delayed, increased or decreased, while drug metabolism can be either stimulated or inhibited. The factors which influence food-drug interactions are as follows: composition and physic-chemical properties of drugs, the interval between a meal and drug intake and food composition. Food consistency is of lesser influence on drug bioavailability than food composition (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cereals). Important interactions can occur during application of drugs with low therapeutic index, whereby the plasma level significantly varies due to changes in resorption or metabolism (e.g. digoxin, theophyllin, cyclosporin) and drugs such as antibiotics, whose proper therapeutic effect requires precise plasma concentrations.

scholarly journals Anti-Atherogenic Effect of 10% Supplementation of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) Waste Protein Hydrolysates in ApoE-Deficient Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2137
Author(s):  
Jessica Maria Abbate ◽  
Francesco Macrì ◽  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Carmelo Iaria ◽  
Fabiano Capparucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Plaque Development

Fish protein consumption exerts beneficial metabolic effects on human health, also correlating with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. Fish waste contains high amount of proteins and utilization may offer the opportunity for generating compounds advantageous for human health. Especially, fish waste protein hydrolysates beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making their potential supplementation in human disorders of increased interest. This study assessed the effect of a 10% (w/w) anchovy waste protein hydrolysate (APH) diet for 12 weeks in reducing atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, through histological and immunohistochemical methods. In addition, monitoring of plaque development was performed, using high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, the APH diet attenuated atherosclerotic plaque development, producing a regression of arterial lesions over time (p < 0.05). Twelve weeks on an APH diet had an anti-obesity effect, improving lipid metabolism and reducing hepatic enzyme activity. A significant reduction in plaque size and lipid content was observed in the aortic sinus of APH-fed mice, compared to the control (p < 0.001), whereas no differences in the extracellular matrix and macrophage recruitment were observed. Supplementation of APH significantly attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, exerting a lipid-lowering activity. The opportunity to use fish waste protein hydrolysates as a nutraceutical in atherosclerosis is worthy of future investigations, representing a low cost, sustainable, and nutritional strategy with minimal environmental impact.

Proline prodrug of melphalan, prophalan-l, demonstrates high therapeutic index in a murine melanoma model

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Mittal ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsume ◽  
Christopher P. Landowski ◽  
Kyung-Dall Lee ◽  
John M. Hilfinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Murine Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Model ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

Allergenicity of milk protein hydrolysate formulae in children with cow's milk allergy

1993 ◽  
Vol 152 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ragno ◽  
P. G. Giampietro ◽  
G. Bruno ◽  
L. Businco
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy

Balanoposthitis: issues of classification, diagnosis and approaches to therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Ignatovsky
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
High Therapeutic Index ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Objective. To present a variant of the modern classification of the processes occurring with lesions of the genitals, to draw specialists’ attention to the peculiarities and variety of causes leading to inflammation of the glans and foreskin, as well as to discuss topical issues of external therapy of balanopostitis.Material and methods. Data from modern studies and clinical guidelines were used in the preparation of the publication.Results. The variety of variants of lesions of the glans and foreskin can be due to a number of reasons and can be either an independent local process or a fragment of dermatosis, where it is possible to be affected in the form of balanoposthitis. Also, when examining and selecting therapy options, it is important to consider the possible role of microorganisms, whose spectrum as a cause of balanoposthitis varies from aerobic and anaerobic, to viral and fungal microflora. Treatment approaches are determined by the etiological factors.Conclusions. Balanoposthitis is a heterogeneous group of nosologies. The choice of treatment is based on the identified cause or empirically when possible. External therapy and hygiene constitute an essential part of treatment. When choosing drugs for topical glucocorticosteroids, preferenceshould be given to drugs with a high therapeutic index and low atrophogenic potential. Dysplastic processes of the penis are associated with human papillomavirus infection, the treatment of which can be both conservative and destructive.

scholarly journals Development of Healthy Snack from Sa-med Mushroom (Boletus griseipurpureus Corner)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1157-1167
Author(s):  
Chanakan KHEMTHONG ◽  
Rungrat CHAMCHAN ◽  
Uthaiwan SUTTISUNSANEE ◽  
Somsri CHAROENKIATKUL ◽  
Chaowanee CHUPEERACH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

This study investigated alpha-glucosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of Sa-med mushroom powder. Healthy snack had been developed by varying 3 levels of Sa-med mushroom powder at 10, 12 and 14 % (w/w) and determined its physico-chemical properties and sensory evaluation. The results showed that anti-alpha-glucosidase activity and anti-angiotensin-converting activities of Sa-med mushroom powder were at 59 and 93 %, respectively. As the results of healthy snack, lightness (L*) and extended ratio were decreased, but redness (a*) and bulk density were increased with higher amounts of Sa-med mushroom powder in the formulation (p < 0.05). However, hardness and crispiness were not significantly different. For sensory evaluation, healthy snack with 14 % Sa-med mushroom powder had the highest overall liking score of 7.6 (like moderately to like very much). Finally, the nutritional values of developed snack revealed that protein and fiber were increased by 3 and 18 times, while carbohydrate was decreased by 15 %. In addition, the mushroom snack could be claimed as a “source of protein”, “high fiber” and “low sodium”. This snack also had phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities and alpha-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. According to consumer acceptability test (n = 300), the acceptability level was 95 %, in which around 64 % of the subjects were interested in buying the product.

scholarly journals Anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus tereticornis n-hexane extract in Wistar albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Shyamjith Manikkoth ◽  
Sheeba Damodar ◽  
Melinda Sequeira ◽  
Kevin Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Therapeutic Index ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: To find out a new agent with a high therapeutic index for the treatment of anxiety, an indigenous medicinal plant Eucalyptus terteticornis was screened for its effect on anxiety in experimental animal model.Methods: Thirty six adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 175-200g were divided into three groups: Group I: DMSO 10% (0.1ml/200g), Group II: hexane extract of leaves of Eucalyptus terteticornis (ETHE) (100mg/kg/body weight), Group III: Diazepam (1mg/kg orally). All test compounds were administered orally for ten days. On tenth day, after one hour of test compounds administration, Wistar rats were taken for elevated plus maze (EPM) and light dark arena (LDA) tests. Statistical comparisons among the groups were performed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Krammer test.Results: The results showed that ETHE treated animals (Group II) significantly (p <0.001) increased the time spent in open arms of EPM and in bright arena of LDA on comparing with normal (Group I).Conclusions: The anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus terteticornis can be due to its effect on brain neurotransmitters or due to antioxidant property.

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