scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure in natural populations of Cajui from Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37080
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Da Costa Gomes ◽  
Artemisa Nazaré Costa Borges ◽  
Giovana Sarah Sales Batista ◽  
Gizele De Andrade Luz ◽  
Maria Edileide Alencar Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
High Gene

Cajui (Anacardium spp.) is a native fruit tree (small cashew) of the Brazilian Cerrado and possesses the potential for commercialization. However, cajui exploitation occurs exclusively through extractivism in the absence of conservation strategies. The lack of conservation strategies may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity of Anacardium. In this work, the genetic diversity and population structure of three natural populations in Sete Cidades National Park (PNSC; PI, Brazil) were assessed using ISSR analysis of 56 cajui accessions and two A. occidentale accessions (outgroup) from Pacajus (CE, Brazil). A total of 112 markers were obtained, 93 (83.04%) of which were polymorphic. The diversity indices of these populations indicated moderate levels of genetic diversity. According to AMOVA, 96.17% of the genetic variability lay within populations, with low genetic differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.03828). Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis indicated the existence of four connected genetic groups. The findings show that the individuals from the three collection sites did not represent different subpopulations, likely due to the high gene flow (Nm = 6.7) favored by the floral biology of Anacardium, pollinators and small-animal seed dispersers. This research identifies genetically divergent individuals (C-03, C-05, C-22, C-26, C-34 and C-39), which should be considered priority individuals for conservation and can inform conservation programs for Anacardium spp.

scholarly journals Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA to Assess Genetic Diversity and Structure of NaturalCalophyllum brasiliense(Clusiaceae) Populations in Riparian Forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Evânia Galvão Mendonça ◽  
Anderson Marcos de Souza ◽  
Fábio de Almeida Vieira ◽  
Regiane Abjaud Estopa ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Kinship Coefficients

The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability in two natural populations ofCalophyllum brasilienselocated along two different rivers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using RAPD molecular markers. Eighty-two polymorphic fragments were amplified using 27 primers. The values obtained for Shannon index (I) were 0.513 and 0.530 for the populations located on the margins of the Rio Grande and Rio das Mortes, respectively, demonstrating the high genetic diversity in the studied populations. Nei’s genetic diversity (He) was 0.341 for the Rio Grande population and 0.357 for the Rio das Mortes population. These results were not significantly different between populations and suggest a large proportion of heterozygote individuals within both populations. AMOVA showed that 70.42% of the genetic variability is found within populations and 29.58% is found among populations (ФST=0.2958). The analysis of kinship coefficients detected the existence of family structures in both populations. Average kinship coefficients between neighboring individuals were 0.053 (P<0.001) in Rio das Mortes and 0.040 (P<0.001) in Rio Grande. This could be due to restricted pollen and seed dispersal and the history of anthropogenic disturbance in the area. These factors are likely to contribute to the relatedness observed among these genotypes.

Recent distribution changes affect geographic clines in genetic diversity and structure of Pinus densiflora natural populations in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu G. Iwaizumi ◽  
Yoshiaki Tsuda ◽  
Masato Ohtani ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura ◽  
Makoto Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

scholarly journals Population genetics of the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), using species-specific microsatellite loci

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10327
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Landínez-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Narváez ◽  
Edna J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Species Specific

Prochilodus magdalenae is a freshwater fish endemic to the Colombian Magdalena-Cauca and Caribbean hydrographic basins. The genetic structure patterns of populations of different members of Prochilodus and the historic restocking of its depleted natural populations suggest that P. magdalenae exhibits genetic stocks that coexist and co-migrate throughout the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, Cesar, Sinú and Atrato. To test this hypothesis and explore the levels of genetic diversity and population demography of 725 samples of P. magdalenae from the studied rivers, we developed a set of 11 species-specific microsatellite loci using next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and experimental tests of the levels of diversity of the microsatellite loci. The results evidenced that P. magdalenae exhibits high genetic diversity, significant inbreeding coefficient ranging from 0.162 to 0.202, and signs of erosion of the genetic pool. Additionally, the population genetic structure constitutes a mixture of genetic stocks heterogeneously distributed along the studied rivers, and moreover, a highly divergent genetic stock was detected in Chucurí, Puerto Berrío and Palagua that may result from restocking practices. This study provides molecular tools and a wide framework regarding the genetic diversity and structure of P. magdalenae, which is crucial to complement its baseline information, diagnosis and monitoring of populations, and to support the implementation of adequate regulation, management, and conservation policies.

scholarly journals Chloroplast microsatellites reveal genetic diversity and population structure in natural populations of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
H. S. Ginwal ◽  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Priti Chauhan ◽  
Kirti Chamling Rai ◽  
Santan Barthwal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
High Level

AbstractHimalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) is one of the most important temperate timber species of Western Himalayas and is considered to be among the endangered conifer species in the region. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) were used to study genetic diversity and population structure in twenty one natural populations of C. deodara throughout its entire distribution range in Western Himalayas. When alleles at each of the 10 loci were jointly analysed, 254 different haplotypes were identified among 1050 individuals. The cpSSRs indicate that C. deodara forests maintain a moderately high level of genetic diversity (mean h = 0.79 ). AMOVA analysis showed that most of the diversity in C. deodara occurs within populations. Bayesian analysis for population structure (BAPS) revealed spatial structuration of the variation (22 % of the total variation) and substructuring captured nineteen genetic clusters in the entire divisions of the populations. Most of the populations were clustered independently with minor admixtures. The distribution of genetic diversity and sub-structuring of C. deodara may be due to restricted gene flow due to geographic isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection. These findings indicated existence of genetically distinct and different high diversity and low diversity clusters, which are potential groups of populations that require attention for their conservation and management. The results are interpreted in context of future conservation plans for C. deodara.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of the narrow endemic Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae): implications for translocation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10521
Author(s):  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Jèssica Requena ◽  
Sergi Massó ◽  
Roser Vilatersana ◽  
Cèsar Blanché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae) is an extremely narrow endemic plant, which is considered as one of the species of most conservation concern in Catalonia (NW Mediterranean Basin). Given the accelerated fragmentation and reduction of population size (of over 90%), the environmental agency of Catalonia is currently preparing a recovery plan that includes reinforcements of the extant populations. The present study is aimed at providing the necessary knowledge to carry out genetically-informed translocations, by using microsatellites as genetic markers. Fourteen microsatellites have been specifically developed for S. farrenyi, of which nine have been used. Besides the extant natural populations, the three ex situ collections that are known to exist of this species have also been studied, as they would be the donor sources for translocation activities. Our main finding is that levels of genetic diversity in the natural populations of S. farrenyi are still high (He = 0.605), most likely as a result of a predominantly outcrossing mating system in combination with the limited time elapsed since the population decline. However, population fragmentation is showing the first genetic signs, as the values of genetic differentiation are relatively high, and two well-differentiated genetic lineages have been found even in such a narrow geographic range. These genetic results provide important information when designing conservation management measures.

scholarly journals Genetic population structure of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella in the Patagonian Fjords System, southern Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Javier Paredes-Mella ◽  
Daniel Varela
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
High Gene

Alexandrium catenella is the main species that form harmful algae blooms (HABs) in southern Chile. Since its first record in 1972 in the Magallanes region this species apparently has increased its range distribution from south to north. In this study, we investigate the influence of the range expansions distribution on the A. catenella populations genetic diversity and structure. This was achieved by isolating 33 clones from different localities along the Magallanes and Aysén region which were genetically characterized with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLPs) molecular markers. Results showed a latitudinal genetic diversity gradient from the south to north populations. Inter-populations genetic divergences were low but significant between both geographically close and distant populations. Results indicated that the genetic diversity differentiation could be generated by a founder effect, which is expected in populations that have expanded their distribution range. On the other hand, low levels of genetic divergences between distant populations seems point out that high gene flow occurs along coast of the Pacific Ocean, but also, seems hints the connectivity route between the Magallanes and Aysén populations i.e., the vegetative cells dispersion among populations, would occur through coastal Pacific coast and Boca del Guafo. Finally, the high values of multilocus linkage disequilibrium found between closer population of Aysén indicates that divergence could be influenced along with the reproductive dynamic of the vegetative cells.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in natural populations of Hancornia speciosa Gomes: Implications for conservation of genetic resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-630
Author(s):  
Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo ◽  
Daniel Ferreira da Costa ◽  
Kyvia Pontes Teixeira das Chagas ◽  
Fábio de Almeida Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Infinite Allele Model ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

ABSTRACT The continuing fragmentation of forests has been a threat to the maintenance of genetic resources. Genetic diversity is fundamental to the survival of species in natural environments in the long term, as well as being the basis for genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in natural populations of Hancornia speciosa and to contribute to the development of conservation strategies. We sampled 105 individuals of H. speciosa, distributed in seven populations. The ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) markers provided 70 loci, of which 81% were polymorphic. The mean genetic diversity of Nei (h) was 0.19, and the Shannon index (I) was 0.27. The h and I diversity indices ranged respectively from 0.16 to 0.24 in the PAD (Parque das Dunas) population and from 0.21 to 0.29 in MAC (Macaíba) population. Resulting from a Bayesian analysis, the genotypes were divided into four groups (K = 4). The allelic diversity patterns observed indicated the occurrence of the genetic bottleneck in all populations, according to the stepwise mutation model (SMM). The infinite allele model (IAM) revealed an imbalance between mutation and genetic drift only in the PAD population. Genetic conservation strategies for H. speciosa should cover each genetic group that was differentially structured. We recommend in situ conservation and the creation of germplasm banks, especially with the PAD population which demonstrated the lower genetic diversity and decreased effective population size according to the two mutational models.

scholarly journals Estimating the genetic diversity and structure of Quercus trojana Webb populations in Italy by SSRs: implications for management and conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Carabeo ◽  
Marco Cosimo Simeone ◽  
Marcello Cherubini ◽  
Chiara Mattia ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Management And Conservation

Studying the genetic diversity and structure of the current forest populations is essential for evaluating the ability to survive future biotic and abiotic changes and planning conservation strategies. Quercus trojana Webb is an eastern Mediterranean tree species with a fragmented distribution range, and its westernmost outposts are located in southern Italy. The demand for timber and cropland over the centuries has severely reduced its occurrence in this part of the range. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the extant Italian populations of Q. trojana and derived conservation guidelines. A total of 322 samples were genotyped with six polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. A high genetic diversity in all populations, two main gene pools, and a highly divergent single population were observed. Based on the allelic richness and heterozygosity estimation, we identified populations that can be considered as valuable source material for conservation programs and those requiring adequate measures to reestablish gene flow and reduce fragmentation. Finally, a comparison with a set of eastern Mediterranean samples indicated a relationship between the Italian and the Greek gene pools. The need to protect these marginal, disjunct populations was further reinforced.

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