scholarly journals Overview of Pakistan's Electricity Crisis, Generation-Mix and Renewable energy scenarios

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Yousaf Awan ◽  
Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Electricity Crisis ◽  
Electricity Shortage

Electricity is a basic need of the modern world. It is impossible for an economy to sustain without electricity. Pakistan, despite having the enormous energy resources, is facing acute shortage of Electricity. The Countrys electricity demand is rising at the rate of 11% annually, while incremental rate of production is fairly flat. Presently, only 15055MW of Electric Power is being generated while peak demand has reached up to 23953MW. Therefore, nation has to strive for meeting the deficiency of 8899 MW. Installed Power Generation Capacity of Pakistan is approximately 19,855 MW among which 67.2% is generated from thermal sources (oil and gas), 29.4% from hydel, 3.3% from nuclear and 0.1% from coal. Due to increased cost of petroleum products, slow development of hydel and nuclear power generation and negligible development of coal power generation, Country is facing severe electricity crisis. This article provides the overview of electricity shortage, problems associated with energy-mix used for power generation and root causes of electricity shortage in Pakistan. It also highlights the importance and availability of Pakistans indigenous energy resources, which can be economically used for electric power generation.

scholarly journals Nuclear Power: Time to Start Again

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Rezak
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Generating Capacity

One of America’s best kept secrets is the success of its nuclear electric power industry. This paper presents data which support the construction and operating successes enjoyed by energy companies that operate nuclear power plants in the US. The result—the US nuclear industry is alive and well. Perhaps it’s time to start anew the building of nuclear power plants. Let’s take the wraps off the major successes achieved in the nuclear power industry. Over 20% of the electricity generated in the United States comes from nuclear power plants. An adequate, reliable supply of reasonably priced electric energy is not a consequence of an expanding economy and gross national product; it is an absolute necessity before such expansion can occur. It is hard to imagine any aspect of our business or personal lives not, in some way, dependent upon electricity. All over the world (in 34 countries) nuclear power is a low-cost, secure, safe, dependable, and environmentally friendly form of electric power generation. Nuclear plants in these countries are built in six to eight years using technology developed in the US, with good performance and safety records. This treatise addresses the success experienced by the US nuclear industry over the last 40 years, and makes the case that this reliable, cost-competitive source of electric power can help support the economic engine of the country and help prevent experiences like the recent crisis in California. Traditionally, the evaluation of electric power generation facility performance has focused on the ability of plants to produce at design capacity for high percentages of the time. Successful operation of nuclear facilities is determined by examining capacity or load factors. Load factor is the percentage of design generating capacity that a power plant actually produces over the course of a year’s operation. This paper makes the case that these operating performance indicators warrant renewed consideration of the nuclear option. Usage of electricity in the US now approaches total generating capacity. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has pre-approved construction and operating licenses for several nuclear plant designs. State public service commissions are beginning to understand that dramatic reform is required. The economy is recovering and inflation is minimal. It’s time, once more, to turn to the safe, reliable, environmentally friendly nuclear power alternative.

Emerging Energy Development Demands on Water

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hightower
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Nuclear Power Development ◽  
Future Demands

Currently, electric power generation is one of the largest water withdrawal and use sectors in the U.S. Additionally, future energy development such as biofuels production, hydrogen fuel or synthetic fuels production, oil shale development, carbon sequestration, or nuclear power development could significantly increase water use and consumption. On the other hand, water resource development — distribution, treatment, and transmission — is one of the largest energy use sectors. As future demands for energy and water continue to increase, competition for water between the energy, domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors, could significantly impact the availability of water supplies for energy development, thus impacting reliability and security of future energy production and electric power generation. Therefore, it is critical that water and energy resources planning and development be integrated and coordinated across state and regional boundaries. This paper provides a short overview of the emerging energy-water challenges and issues identified in a recent series of national workshops on energy and water related issues as well as summarizing the research and development needs to address these emerging energy and water challenges.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nuclear Based Electric Power Generation System – AN LCA Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Leela Prasad ◽  
P. Usha Sri ◽  
K. Vizayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Power Generation System

In a developing country like India with scarce hydrocarbon reserves and also due to variable nature of Renewables in terms of potential, penetration and technology, Coal must be relied upon as a source of energy in near future also, to meet the ever-growing demand for an instant form of energy i.e. Electricity. An alternative to not so clean source Coal appears to be Nuclear Power and this option can supplement and supplant our energy needs despite several concerns from various sources post-Fukushima Nuclear accident. This paper carries out a detailed LCA study of Nuclear based Electric Power Generation System with a wider scope that encompasses the waste disposal and spent fuel reprocessing phases, is modelled and run on SimaPro 9.0.0.48 LCA software with ECOINVENT 3.0 as database. This study also covers the all-important Inventory Analysis for the inputs used, raw material extracted and residuals consequently released to the environment. The results are expressed in terms of pre-defined energy metrics such as ERR and EPBT. Further, the study covers the environmental impact assessment category such as GWP and finally the results are presented with a kWh of electricity produced by this option as a functional unit. These investigations help energy planners and policymakers to compare various power generating options and justify the alternatives to meet future demand for electricity in a cleaner and more sustainable manner by keeping the spirit of Paris Climate Agreement in mind.

Solution to Pakistan Electrical Power Crisis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Akbar ◽  
Shahab Khusnood
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Private Power

Electricity is the engine for the growth of economy of any country. Total installed electricity generation capacity of Pakistan is presently approx 20,000 MW as given in Table-1. Despite this, almost 40% of the population is without electricity. Pakistan has been blessed with tremendous resources for electrical power generation with hydel, coal, renewable energy resources and Nuclear power. Hydel, coal potential of more than 40,000 MW and 10,000 MW are available but only 15% of hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so for where as only 150 MW power plant on indigenous coal has been set up. To exploit Pakistan hydel and coal resources for power generation large investments are needed which Pakistan economy can not afford. Govt. of Pakistan has created an organization of private power and infrastructure board (PPIB) to facilitate private sector in the participation of power generator. PPIB is tapping the resources and facilitating the private sector for establishment of power projects. Pakistan is collaborating with China for establishment of Nuclear Power Plants and plan to generate up to 10,000 MW by year 2025. Renewable energy resources are also required to be tapped. This paper will focus on the Pakistan power generation potential by utilizing local resources keeping in view the next 20 year supply and demand position.

A Study on Social Responsibility of Engineers and Managers

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (sp) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Sato ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation ◽  
The Social

After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the Great East Japan Earthquake, the future promotion of nuclear power generation has been discussed from various points of view. Ensuring national security requires down-toearth policies on energy as well as on defense and food supplies, together with diplomatic efforts and technologies that realize these policies. In the author’s opinion, in view of Japan’s poor fossil fuel resources and a worldwide increase in energy demand, particularly among emerging countries, nuclear power generation should be maintained with all possible measures taken to ensure safety until alternative power generation methods are developed that provide excellent safety, stability, and economy. Therefore, in light of the lessons learned from the experience of the Fukushima accident, the problems identified should be carefully examined and improvements should be made to revitalize nuclear power generation in Japan. With this awareness in mind, this article discusses the concept of the social responsibility of engineers and managers, i.e., the meaning of a sense of responsibility and compliance with laws and norms for business personnel, through personnel at Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc., (Tohoku Electric) at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake and achievements by the late Yanosuke Hirai, a former vice president of the company, who greatly influenced decisions on the premise height of the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant. Nowadays, the statements of engineers, policymakers, and managers are viewed less reliable than before. In such circumstances, reviewing the words and deeds of Mr. Susumu Yoda, a former vice president of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc., (Tepco) who was involved in promoting nuclear power generation, we discuss the concept of the social responsibility of those involved in megatechnology. Finally, the author highlights a current question involving a basic problem regarding the concept of decision making in relation to problems including scientific uncertainty, and discuss the direction in which to proceed.

Bolted Joint Integrity Management: Implementing Industry Best Practice

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Joint Integrity

Holistic asset management aimed at all aspects of improved safety and business performance has identified poor bolt tightening as a major cause of leaks, thereby raising the need for understanding the concept of joint integrity and in particular the requirement to apply more control throughout this often overlooked process. The UK government’s Health and Safety Executive has reported on industry poor practice in offshore oil and gas applications, and working with the United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA) has produced guidelines and recommendations for the reduction of hydrocarbon leaks from bolted joints. This recommended safe practice, the lessons learnt and the guidelines made are equally applicable to the power generation industry and in particular the nuclear one. The goals of leak free assembly, failure reduction and the elimination of wasted time and effort are achieved through the use of a risk based approach and the implementation of industry best practice. Building on experience learnt from the petrochemical industry: - this paper will provide guidelines relevant to the nuclear power generation industry for leak avoidance using risk assessment methods and competency management to establish the principles of a Joint Integrity Management System and highlight best industrial practice.

Primary Energy Sources of Electric Power in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
David Denny
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Year 2000

Electrical generation, 938 Mw, now predominantly (62%) from coal with hydro- at 29% and oil and natural gas at 9%, is expected to grow to 255,000 Mw by the year 2000. Coal will contribute 67%, oil and gas 4%, hydro- 27% and nuclear 2%. There are small, local sources of energy for power generation: geothermal, tidal and wind. Development will be affected by the availability of resources and the extent to which foreign participation is sought.

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