scholarly journals Comparative study of cluster based routing protocols in WSN

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Varsha Bhatia ◽  
Sunita Kumawat ◽  
Vivek Jaglan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Wireless Sensors network is a type of wireless network, used in diverse applications and has its own set of challenges. Apart from organizing and managing WSN, the main challenges include limited resources, dynamic topology and low scalability. Wireless Sensor nodes are battery operated, so energy scarceness is a major concern. The energy consumption is maximal at the time of data transmission between network devices or nodes. Various energy conservation schemes are applied in WSN; Energy Efficient Routing is one of the possible solutions. Energy Efficient Routing is used to minimize the maintenance cost of the network and maximize the performance of the node. In this paper different hierarchical cluster based routing protocols are discussed.

scholarly journals A Survey on hierarchical cluster-based energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humera Khan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Network is a widely growing field and it comprises of tiny sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are distributed in the environment spatially. They are capable of sensing the environment, gathering the information and processing it. Each sensor node collaborate with other sensor nodes for processing the information. Sensor nodes have very limited resources available for their operation. For the purpose of consuming resources in an efficient way several routing algorithms are employed. Here the focus is mainly on hierarchical cluster based routing techniques. In this paper we provide an introduction for wireless sensor network, the requirement for reduction in energy consumption of sensor nodes and some of the already existing energy efficient routing protocols of wireless sensor network.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

scholarly journals FCERP: A Novel WSNs Fuzzy Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Zainab Alansari ◽  
Mohammed Siddique ◽  
Mohammed Waleed Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Energy Consuming

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are set of sensor nodes to monitor and detect transmitted data to the sink. WSNs face significant challenges in terms of node energy availability, which may impact network sustainability. As a result, developing protocols and algorithms that make the best use of limited resources, particularly energy resources, is critical issues for designing WSNs. Routing algorithms, for example, are unique algorithms as they have a direct and effective relationship with lifetime of network and energy. The available routing protocols employ single-hop data transmission to the sink and clustering per round. In this paper, a Fuzzy Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (FCERP) that lower the WSNs energy consuming and increase the lifetime of network is proposed. FCERP introduces a new cluster-based fuzzy routing protocol capable of utilizing clustering and multiple hop routing features concurrently using a threshold limit. A novel aspect of this research is that it avoids clustering per round while considering using fixed threshold and adapts multi-hop routing by predicting the best intermediary node for clustering and the sink. Some Fuzzy factors such as residual energy, neighbors amount, and distance to sink considered when deciding which intermediary node to use.

scholarly journals Investigation of energy efficient protocols based on stable clustering for enhancing lifetime in heterogeneous WSNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2643-2651
Author(s):  
Noor Alhuda F. Abbas ◽  
Jaber H. Majeed ◽  
Waleed Khalid Al-Azzawi ◽  
Adnan Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

There are certain challenges faced with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) performances, consumption can be seen amongst all these challenges as a serious area of research. Data from sensor nodes are transmitted by most WSN energy either among many nodes or to the base station (BS), and due this connection, several routing protocols were developed for supporting in data transmission in the WSNs. Extending network lifetime in an operational environment is the major objective of the wireless sensor network. Charging or exchanging sensor node batteries is almost impossible. Energy balancing and energy efficiency are significant research scopes as per designing of routing protocols aimed at self-organized WSNs. A heterogeneous WSN is one where every node has different amount of energy linked to it before it is deployed in a network. Therefore, different energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed which enables lesser consumption of energy, longer stability period which leads to the network lifetime increasing. In this study, the average energy of a WSN is computed after every logical round of operation for our protocol-HPEEA and compare it with two well-known heterogeneous protocols namely-SEP and CCS. At the end of the considered number of logical operations, MATLAB with simulation results confirm that HPEEA protocol have a reduction in the energy consumption compared to other protocols.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Underwater Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Komal Memon ◽  
Nafeesa Bohra ◽  
Faisal K Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

There is a great demand of an Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) in applications of water monitoring and offshore exploration. In such applications, network comprises of multiple sensor nodes which are deployed at different locations and depths of water. Sensor nodes perform collective tasks such as data collection and data transmission to other nodes or Base Station (BS). The bottom nodes are located at depth of water, and are not able to communicate directly with the surface level nodes, these nodes require multi-hop communication with appropriate routing protocol. Therefore, an energy efficient routing protocols are used for such scenarios, which is necessary as well as challenging task. As sensors are battery operated devices, which are really problematic to recharge or replace. The error and propagation path delays are high in acoustic channels therefore underwater communication is much effected. Realizing the circumstances, more attention has been given to compare energy efficient routing protocols which comparatively consume low energy and achieve high throughput. This paper, comprises of analysis and comparison of existing UWSN based efficient energy routing protocols. Based upon the analysis and comparison, VBF and DBR have been proposed that fulfill the requirements. The analysis is done on NS-2 and for comparison, the performance metrics which are evaluated are: Packet delivery Ratio (PDR), energy consumption, throughput and average End to End (E2E) delay. The results show that VBF protocol consume very large amount of energy as compared to DBR protocol. Whereas DBR protocol have characteristics like low energy consumption, minimum delay high PDR and high throughput than VBF protocol.  

scholarly journals Hierarchical Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks and its Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4024-4027
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Wireless sensor network consists of various sensor nodes connected through wireless media. Sensor nodes are tiny devices having lesser energy capabilities. Sensor nodes are either ad-hoc or mobile in their environment. Wireless sensor network route of transmission media is discovered by routing protocols and responsible for secure communication between sensor nodes. Energy is a precious resource of sensor nodes, and the entire lifetime of WSNs is depending on the energy capability of the sensor nodes. The fundamental problem is how to organize topology of WSN for deployed sensor nodes with lesser power consumption as possible. Major problems in wireless sensor networks which consume extra energy are interference, control message overhead, packet delay, unnecessary transmission, and bandwidth utilization. Therefore, energy efficient techniques are needed to overcome these problems. Hierarchical routing is the best routing method for finding optimal path between sensor nodes which enhance the lifetime of the network. This paper focuses towards various hierarchical energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks and analyzes various features of WSN that should consider during designing of routing protocols.

scholarly journals RMEER: Reliable Multi-path Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Mukhtiar Ahmed ◽  
Mazleena Salleh ◽  
M. Ibrahim Channa ◽  
Mohd Foad Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Efficient Route

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is interesting area for researchers.To extract the information from seabed to water surface the the majority numbers of routing protocols has been introduced. The design of routing protocols faces many challenges like deployment of sensor nodes, controlling of node mobility, development of efficient route for data forwarding, prolong the battery power of the sensor nodes, and removal of void nodes from active data forwarding paths. This research article focuses the design of the Reliable Multipath Energy Efficient Routing (RMEER) which develops the efficient route between sensor nodes, and prolongs the battery life of the nodes. RMEER is a scalable and robust protocol which utilizes the powerful fixed courier nodes in order to enhance the network throughput, data delivery ratio, network lifetime and reduces the end-to-end delay. RMEER is also an energy efficient routing protocol for saving the energy level of the nodes. We have used the NS2.30 simulator with AquaSim package for performance analysis of RMEER.We observed that the simulation performance of RMEER is better than D-DBR protocol.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR INCREASING LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Tanya Pathak ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Anurag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In the recent years, an efficient design of a Wireless Sensor Network has become important in the area of research. The major challenges in the design of Wireless Sensor Network is to improve the network lifetime. The main difficulty for sensor node is to survive in that monitoring area for the longer time that means there is a need to increase the lifetime of the sensor nodes by optimizing the energy and distance. There are various existing routing protocols in which optimal routing can be achieved like Data-Centric, Hierarchical and Location-based routing protocols. In this paper, new power efficient routing protocol is being proposed that not only select the shortest path between the source node and sink node for data transmission but also maximizes the lifetime of the participating nodes by selecting the best path for sending the data packet across the network. The main objective of this research is to develop a faster algorithm to find the energy efficient route for Wireless Sensor Network. Simulation results shows that this strategy achieves long network lifetime when compared to the other standard protocols.

scholarly journals A Radical Study of Energy Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for WSN

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-469
Author(s):  
Vikram Dhiman ◽  
◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ajay K Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Routing Techniques ◽  
Cluster Based Routing ◽  
Conventional Paradigm

For many decades, researchers and vendors are continually developing and designing sensors and wireless network devices for countless applications. These low power wireless sensor network devices have designed to gather and propagate data for applications such as environment, industry, habitat, patient monitoring, and many more to excel humankind— however, these devices also inherent many challenges and drawbacks due to the default hardware design. Subsequently, to mitigate limitations and enhance the capability, authors and researchers have investigated and conferred that minor optimization in modeling or routing techniques gradually elevates the performance of WSN. One of the primary concerns which remain on top of the Domain for discussion is energy conservation in WSN devices. Our primary goal is to analyze and design a cluster-based routing protocol for WSN, An efficient way to elevate the network performance. Finally, the emanate results showcase that the performance of the proposed protocol is much more optimized and favorable when combined with soft-computing tactics when compared to the conventional paradigm.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Social Sensing Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-651
Author(s):  
Salem Sati ◽  
Ahmed Sohoud ◽  
Tareg Abulifa
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Mobile Sensing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Mobile Sensors ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Social Sensing

Mobile Social Sensing Network (MSSN) is a subclass of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This MSSN is consists of mobile sensing transducers carried by people. Sensing information gathered by mobile sensors will transmit to the data sink. This data sink may it is fixed or mobile. But in optimal cases, it should have efficient energy and position compared with other mobile sensors. On the other hand, mobile sensors may have a social tie because they carried by people. Traditional MANET routing protocols such as AODV and DSR are inapplicable or perform poorly for mobile social data sensing. Especially for distributed mobile social sensing. Insufficient performance due to the nature of the mobile sensors which suffering from a limited energy source. In recent days, there are many routing protocols proposed by researchers. These protocols improve the total delivered messagesin mobile social sensing networks, but most of them do not take into account the link bandwidth and node storage limitation, thus routing may lead to more energy consumption among mobile sensing nodes. In this paper, we design an Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol (EERP) for mobile social sensing networks. We consider the node energy as a balance function between the delay of collected data and transmission of sensor nodes to the data sink. Furthermore, we also develop an enhanced version of the suggested EERP which named EERP+S, EERP+S combines the energy percentage and social metric of node degree. EERP and its updated version EERP+S are dynamically adjusting the control function based on data delay and transmission in addition to node activity. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of EERP and EERP+S compared with the flooding behavior of an Epidemic. Epidemic and its social version Ep-Soc are compared with suggested protocols in distributed mobile social sensing paradigms.

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