scholarly journals Warning System Using Multicast Transmission for Pedestrian and Pedal-Cyclist Safety Against the Electric-Powered Driving Means in CVCN Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Bachyun Kim ◽  
Yoseop Woo ◽  
Iksoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Multicast Transmission ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Safety Warning ◽  
On The Road

This paper deals with a warning system for the safety of pedestrians/pedal-cyclists against electric-powered driving means including hybrid/PHEV/EV/FCEV and electric wheel on minor roads. These roads are a subset of connected-vehicle communication network(CVCN). The fatalities of pedestrians/pedal-cyclists declined recently compared to the early 2000s, but fatality rate of vehicle accidents is increasing. Clearly, this phenomenon will continue because of the increasing number of virtually silent hybrid/PHEV/EV/FCEV and electric wheels on the road.The hybrid/PHEV/EV/FCEV such as green electric-powered ones that can reduce environmental pollution are much more dangerous than traditional vehicles to pedestrians/pedal-cyclists on minor roads. The main risk factor of the electric-powered vehicles is that they are very quiet on the road because of the use of electric motor instead of engine. Thus, the safety warning system that can notify pedestrians/pedal-cyclists the dangerous approaches of vehicles from their behind have to be provided on minor roads.The proposed framework for safety warning system using multicast informs pedestrians/pedal-cyclists through smartphone when electric powered driving means are closing from their behind on minor roads. This is a new technology that uses vibration or sound of smartphone instead of artificial noise generation which is equipped to the electric powered driving means recently.  

scholarly journals Striated Tire Yaw Marks—Modeling and Validation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4309
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wach ◽  
Jakub Zębala
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Variable Curvature ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Tire yaw marks deposited on the road surface carry a lot of information of paramount importance for the analysis of vehicle accidents. They can be used: (a) in a macro-scale for establishing the vehicle’s positions and orientation as well as an estimation of the vehicle’s speed at the start of yawing; (b) in a micro-scale for inferring among others things the braking or acceleration status of the wheels from the topology of the striations forming the mark. A mathematical model of how the striations will appear has been developed. The model is universal, i.e., it applies to a tire moving along any trajectory with variable curvature, and it takes into account the forces and torques which are calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations of vehicle dynamics. It was validated in the program developed by the author, in which the vehicle is represented by a 36 degree of freedom multi-body system with the TMeasy tire model. The mark-creating model shows good compliance with experimental data. It gives a deep view of the nature of striated yaw marks’ formation and can be applied in any program for the simulation of vehicle dynamics with any level of simplification.

Towards the Development of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekelleche Fatiha ◽  
Haffaf Hafid
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), a new mobile ad-hoc network technology (MANET), are currently receiving increased attention from manufacturers and researchers. They consist of several mobile vehicles (intelligent vehicles) that can communicate with each other (inter-vehicle communication) or with fixed road equipment (vehicle-infrastructure communication) adopting new wireless communication technologies. The objective of these networks is to improve road safety by warning motorists of any event on the road (accidents, hazards, possible deviations, etc.), and make the time spent on the road more pleasant and less boring (applications deployed to ensure the comfort of the passengers). Practically, VANETs are designed to support the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The latter are seen as one of the technical solutions to transport challenges. This chapter, given the importance of road safety in the majority of developed countries, presents a comprehensive study on the VANET networks, highlighting their main features.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of Safe Distance Calculation by the Stereoscopic Capturing and Processing of Images Through the Tailigator System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5044
Author(s):  
Gerd Christian Krizek ◽  
Rene Hausleitner ◽  
Laura Böhme ◽  
Cristina Olaverri-Monreal
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Real Value ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Forward Collision Warning

Driver disregard for the minimum safety distance increases the probability of rear-end collisions. In order to contribute to active safety on the road, we propose in this work a low-cost Forward Collision Warning system that captures and processes images. Using cameras located in the rear section of a leading vehicle, this system serves the purpose of discouraging tailgating behavior from the vehicle driving behind. We perform in this paper the pertinent field tests to assess system performance, focusing on the calculated distance from the processing of images and the error margins in a straight line, as well as in a curve. Based on the evaluation results, the current version of the Tailigator can be used at speeds up to 50 km per hour without any restrictions. The measurements showed similar characteristics both on the straight line and in the curve. At close distances, between 3 and 5 m, the values deviated from the real value. At average distances, around 10 to 15 m, the Tailigator achieved the best results. From distances higher than 20 m, the deviations increased steadily with the distance. We contribute to the state of the art with an innovative low-cost system to identify tailgating behavior and raise awareness, which works independently of the rear vehicle’s communication capabilities or equipment.

scholarly journals COMPLEX STABILIZATION OF SOILS AND BASE COURSE MATERIALS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF THE HIGHWAYS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
B. B. Teltayev ◽  
G. G. Izmailova ◽  
M. Zherebitskiy
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Course Materials ◽  
Base Course ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Cold Recycling ◽  
Local Materials

The article represents the results for investigation of a new technology of complex soil consolidation and stabilization and reuse of the material from stripping of the existing roads (cold recycling technology) with portlandcement and enzyme agent Roadzyme (USA), which allows reducing the energy costs significantly and improving ecological situation. Cold recycling has a number of significant advantages before other means of reconstruction. The absence of environmental pollution is due to the complete use of the material of the old pavement. There is no need in disposal sites, and the volume of the new delivered materials is the minimum one and reduces the area of contamination, which is certain during opening of new borrow-pits and rock quarries. Transportation is very small, therefore the consumption of the energy is considerably reduced, as well as devastating impact of vehicles on the road network. Effect of the use of the agent “Roadzyme” is based on the activation of physics and chemical processes, which increase the strength, water resistance and frost resistance of the consolidated soils and materials, reducing material consumption at provision of the required elasticity modulus for pavement structure due to reduction of the thickness for pavement layers, the use of local materials and saving of binders and inert materials. The decrease is noted for the stiffness of the materials, strengthened by complex method (binder with the agent “Roadzyme”), compared to the treatment only with the binder, which allows forecasting the increase of the crack resistance.

scholarly journals On the Application of Zone Flooding in a Traffic Warning System

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (573) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Michael Kristensen ◽  
Kenneth-Daniel Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
State Information ◽  
The Road ◽  
System A ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Bounded Area

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;"><p>The LIWAS Traffic Warning System aims at providing early warning to vehicles about slippery conditions on the road. The LIWAS system is currently under development and consists of two main parts: sensors for measuring and classifying the state of the road, and a communication infrastructure for distributing road-state information to vehicles. This paper concentrates on the communication infrastructure, and considers the application of zone flooding for implementing the distribution of road-state information. Zone flooding combines flooding and geocasting to distribute road-state information in a geographically bounded area. To evaluate the applicability of zone flooding in the LIWAS system, a simulation model has been created using the Network Simulator 2. The simulation model captures a representative road-scenario and has been used to evaluate several flooding protocols when used to implement zone flooding. The primary evaluationcriteria are the load on the network and the capability to warn other vehicles in time.</p></span></span>

Implementation of Lane Departure Warning System Based on Machine Vision

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2075-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Shing Sheu ◽  
Hao Chu ◽  
Chun Chi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Lane Departure Warning ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lane Departure ◽  
Moving Direction ◽  
On The Road

Purpose of this paper raise a vehicle lane departure warning system based on the machine vision. It does not need to use the parameters of the camera which do the road marking recognition system installed in the interior of the camera by algorithms. Regarding the time line of the intelligent transport system, it is to solve the various problems possibly arising from driving on the road. This system is mainly for the warning of the unexpected departure of vehicle. The method is to use the digital camera to capture continuous images and identify the vehicle moving direction by the detection of the left and right markings, as well as forecast the driving direction of the vehicle for the reference of vehicle departure warning. In this paper, the used algorithms include brightness adjustment, binarization, dilation, erosion, and edge detection image processing techniques.

Optimal Eco-Approach Control With Traffic Prediction for Connected Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunli Shao ◽  
Zongxuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Traffic Prediction ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This work proposes a unified framework for the eco-approach application that integrates traffic prediction, vehicle optimization, and implementation. The eco-approach application is formulated as either a car-following optimization problem or a single vehicle optimization problem, depending on whether a preceding vehicle exists. The traffic prediction scheme anticipates future traffic conditions and describes the traffic dynamics on the road segment of interest using state variables: traffic flow, density, and speed. With the information enabled by connectivity, the traffic state estimation is updated using an observer. Uncertainties in the traffic prediction are considered using a robust optimization approach. The robust optimization problem is discretized and solved by an efficient nonlinear programming solver. The proposed eco-approach framework is implemented to a single lane single intersection scenario for 12, 8, 4, and 1 connected vehicle scenarios. The fuel benefits vary from 11.0% to 6.7% as the penetration rates of connectivity decrease. The performance is satisfactory compared to the 12.0% fuel benefits with perfection traffic prediction.

Enhanced Motorcycle Visibility through Use of Motorcycle Conspicuity Enhancement System

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (15) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison G. Vredenburgh ◽  
H. Harvey Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents ◽  
Design And Testing

The most common cause of motorcycle accidents is the violation of the motorcyclist's right-of-way by another vehicle driver. There are two factors in the causation of multi-vehicle accidents involving motorcycles. The first factor concerns design and the second factor involves human performance capabilities. The purpose of this study is to design and test a Motorcycle Conspicuity Enhancement System (MCES) by using a similar methodology as that used by Ramsey and Brinkley (1977) who tested various daytime conspicuity enhancement devices. The following study uses a similar method as that used in the 1977 study. Several phases are required to complete the design and testing of the MCES. First, a device that can be used for testing in the next phases was developed. In the second phase, the device in configured; and finally, in the third phase, it will be tested on the road. A motorcycle and driver will be positioned on a side street perpendicular to the traffic flow. During one hour test periods, the MCES will be mounted and operating for 30 minutes and then dismounted for 30 minutes. Variance and Chi-square analyses will be used.

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