scholarly journals The Glycemic Index Value of Hipa 7 and the Determination Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dody Dwi Handoko ◽  
Siti Dewi Indrasari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Carbohydrate content information of food does not enough to describe its physiological effect. Different carbohydrate sources give diverse blood glucose response. The concept of glycemic index (GI) was introduced to fill that gap. It divides food into several classifications according to their postprandial glycemic response. The original method was conducted by observing blood glucose after consuming sample then comparing the result with standard food. Later, miscellaneous in vitro digestion models were developed to mimic the in vivo condition. Rice is one of food types that have various GI which are related to the rice variety and postharvest processing method. There are some varieties that have low or medium GI, the others have higher. Parboiled and brown rice tend to have lower GI compared to their un-parboilled milled rice form.  Hipa 7 is hybrid new superior variety that that had been launched by ICRR in 2009 and its milled rice has low glycemic index 49.2. Low glycemic index rice potentially reduced the occurrence of obesity and diabetic mellitus disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Obesity Prevention, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lipid Control of Vietnamese Rice Varieties in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thuy Linh Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Son Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rice Varieties

Five Vietnamese rice varieties, which differ in their basic chemical composition (starch content, amylose content, fiber content) including polished rices and whole grain rices, were chosen for this study. High-fat diet-induced obesity, using these rice, was subjected to in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of body weight gain, caloric intake, postprandial blood glucose level (PBGL), and glycemic index (GI) in tested mice groups. PBGL peaks appeared at 30th minute after eating, and GI of each experimental group was ranked in order as GN > TL > HR > GM > L Đ and GN > LT > HR > L Đ >   GM , respectively, in which, brown rice (LĐ) and germinated brown rice (GM) had low GI. Furthermore, these rice varieties caused the lowest LDL cholesterol and the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterols in mice. In this study, the higher the amylose and fiber contents were, the lower glycemic index, triglycerides, LDL, and LDL/HDL values were. The golden flower glutinous rice (GN), with low amylose and fiber content, gave worse blood lipid parameters than that of GM and LĐ. Histopathological studies of white adipose and liver tissues showed that LĐ and GM significantly reduced the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver compared with the others, especially compared to GN. The results obtained from this study help patients with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes choose the right rice variety for their daily diet to be able to control their diseases.

Chlorogenic acid differentially affects postprandial glucose and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine M. Tunnicliffe ◽  
Lindsay K. Eller ◽  
Raylene A. Reimer ◽  
Dustin S. Hittel ◽  
Jane Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose Response

Regular coffee consumption significantly lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Coffee contains thousands of compounds; however, the specific component(s) responsible for this reduced risk is unknown. Chlorogenic acids (CGA) found in brewed coffee inhibit intestinal glucose uptake in vitro. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which CGA acts to mediate blood glucose response in vivo. Conscious, unrestrained, male Sprague–Dawley rats were chronically catheterized and gavage-fed a standardized meal (59% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 12% protein), administered with or without CGA (120 mg·kg–1), in a randomized crossover design separated by a 3-day washout period. Acetaminophen was co-administered to assess the effects of CGA on gastric emptying. The incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) were measured. GLP-1 response in the presence of glucose and CGA was further examined, using the human colon cell line NCI-H716. Total area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose was significantly attenuated in rats fed CGA (p < 0.05). Despite this, no differences in plasma insulin or nonesterified fatty acids were observed, and gastric emptying was not altered. Plasma GIP response was blunted in rats fed CGA, with a lower peak concentration and AUC up to 180 min postprandially (p < 0.05). There were no changes in GLP-1 secretion in either the in vivo or in vitro study. In conclusion, CGA treatment resulted in beneficial effects on blood glucose response, with alterations seen in GIP concentrations. Given the widespread consumption and availability of coffee, CGA may be a viable prevention tool for T2D.

scholarly journals Glycemic Index, Starch, and Protein Digestibility in Tempeh Gembus Cookies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Manullang ◽  
Ayu Rahadiyanti ◽  
Syafira N. Pratiwi ◽  
Diana N. Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Digestion Rate

Diabetes mellitus is directly related to diet and lifestyle. Control of blood glucose levels is needed to reduce the risk of complications, and one way is to choose foods with a low glycemic index. Cookies made from tempeh gembus/tempeh gembus flour are expected to be eaten as a snack and are safe for people with diabetes. The aim of this research was to analyze glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), dietary fiber, in vitro starch, and protein digestibility of cookies with tempeh gembus flour substitution. Completely randomized design research with one primary factor used cookies with variations of 0%, 25%, and 50% tempeh gembus flour substitution. GI was calculated using the Incremental Area Under the Blood Glucose Response Curve (IAUC) method. Dietary fiber concentration analysis was done by enzymatic methods. The starch and protein digestion rates were calculated using the in vitro method. GI, GL, dietary fiber, starch digestion rate, and protein digestion rate data were analyzed with descriptive methods. Cookies with lowest GI (47.01 ± 11.08%) and GL (6.90 ± 1.63) were found in cookies with 50% tempeh gembus flour substitution. The highest dietary fiber content (24.61 ± 0.41%), digestibility of starch (48.07 ± 0.01%), and protein (20.27 ± 0.43%) cookies were found in cookies with 50% tempeh gembus flour substitution. The higher tempeh gembus flour substitution produced low GI and GL while its dietary fiber, in vitro starch, and protein digestibility were highest.

scholarly journals Baselines representing blood glucose clearance improve in vitro prediction of the glycaemic impact of customarily consumed food quantities

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Monro ◽  
Suman Mishra ◽  
Bernard Venn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

Glycaemic responses to foods reflect the balance between glucose loading into, and its clearance from, the blood. Current in vitro methods for glycaemic analysis do not take into account the key role of glucose disposal. The present study aimed to develop a food intake-sensitive method for measuring the glycaemic impact of food quantities usually consumed, as the difference between release of glucose equivalents (GGE) from food during in vitro digestion and a corresponding estimate of clearance of them from the blood. Five foods – white bread, fruit bread, muesli bar, mashed potato and chickpeas – were consumed on three occasions by twenty volunteers to provide blood glucose response (BGR) curves. GGE release during in vitro digestion of the foods was also plotted. Glucose disposal rates estimated from downward slopes of the BGR curves allowed GGE dose-dependent cumulative glucose disposal to be calculated. By subtracting cumulative glucose disposal from cumulative in vitro GGE release, accuracy in predicting the in vivo glycaemic effect from in vitro GGE values was greatly improved. GGEin vivo = 0·99GGEin vitro+0·75 (R2 0·88). Furthermore, the difference between the curves of cumulative GGE release and disposal closely mimicked in vivo incremental BGR curves. We conclude that valid measurement of the glycaemic impact of foods may be obtained in vitro, and expressed as grams of glucose equivalents per food quantity, by taking account not only of GGE release from food during in vitro digestion, but also of blood glucose clearance in response to the food quantity.

scholarly journals Digestibility of proteins of the histological components of cooked and raw rice

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Howard Bradbury ◽  
J. Grant Collins ◽  
N. A. Pyliotis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Vitro Protein

1. The aleurone layer, grain coat and embryo which constitute rice bran are rich in vitamins, lipids, protein and lysine compared with the endosperm (milled rice).2. A method was developed to measure the in vitro protein digestibility of raw and cooked brown rice and their histological components.3. The protein digestibility of cooked endosperm by the in vitro method agreed with that of other workers using in vivo techniques.4. The protein digestibility of the aleurone layer and grain coat from raw rice was only 25% but increased to 65% from cooked rice, due to disruption of the cellulosic cell walls at 100°, which was shown by electron microscopy.5. The decreased protein digestibility due to cooking was not the result of formation of ε-lysyl–γ-glutamyl isopeptide cross-links, but may be due to formation of a cystine-rich core that is resistant to proteases.6. The protein digestibility of cooked brown rice was approximately the same as that of cooked milled rice, hence it is advantageous for those for whom rice is a staple food to consume brown rather than milled rice.

Synthesis, Characterization and in vivo Evaluation of PEGylated PPI Dendrimer for Safe and Prolonged Delivery of Insulin

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K. Parashar ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Arun K. Gupta ◽  
Neetesh K. Jain ◽  
Balak Das Kurmi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Hemolytic Toxicity

Background: The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of PEGylated Poly (propyleneimine) dendrimers for the delivery of an anti-diabetic drug, insulin. Methods: For this study, 4.0G PPI dendrimer was synthesized by successive Michael addition and exhaustive amidation reactions, using ethylenediamine as the core and acrylonitrile as the propagating agent. Two different activated PEG moieties were employed for PEGylation of PPI dendrimers. Various physicochemical and physiological parameters UV, IR, NMR, TEM, DSC, drug entrapment, drug release, hemolytic toxicity and blood glucose level studies of both PEGylated and non- PEGylated dendritic systems were determined and compared. Results: PEGylation of PPI dendrimers caused increased solubilization of insulin in the dendritic framework as well as in PEG layers, reduced drug release and hemolytic toxicity as well as increased therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects of insulin. These systems were found to be suitable for sustained delivery of insulin by in vitro and blood glucose-level studies in albino rats, without producing any significant hematological disturbances. Conclusion: Thus, surface modification of PPI dendrimers with PEG molecules has been found to be a suitable approach to utilize it as a safe and effective nano-carrier for drug delivery.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

Methylprednisolone on circulating eicosanoids and vasomotor tone after endotoxin

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hales ◽  
R. D. Brandstetter ◽  
C. F. Neely ◽  
M. B. Peterson ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Eicosanoid Production ◽  
Circulating Levels

Acute pulmonary and systemic vasomotor changes induced by endotoxin in dogs have been related, at least in part, to the production of eicosanoids such as the vasoconstrictor thromboxane and the vasodilator prostacyclin. Steroids in high doses, in vitro, inhibit activation of phospholipase A2 and prevent fatty acid release from cell membranes to enter the arachidonic acid cascade. We, therefore, administered methylprednisolone (40 mg/kg) to dogs to see if eicosanoid production and the ensuing vasomotor changes could be prevented after administration of 150 micrograms/kg of endotoxin. The stable metabolites of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Methylprednisolone by itself did not alter circulating eicosanoids but when given 2.5 h before endotoxin not only failed to inhibit endotoxin-induced eicosanoid production but actually resulted in higher circulating levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P less than 0.05) compared with animals receiving endotoxin alone. Indomethacin prevented the steroid-enhanced concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after endotoxin and prevented the greater fall (P less than 0.05) in systemic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance with steroid plus endotoxin than occurred with endotoxin alone. Administration of methylprednisolone immediately before endotoxin resulted in enhanced levels (P less than 0.05) of both TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha but with a fall in systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance similar to the animals pretreated by 2.5 h. In contrast to the early steroid group in which all of the hypotensive effect was due to eicosanoids, in the latter group steroids had an additional nonspecific effect. Thus, in vivo, high-dose steroids did not prevent endotoxin-induced increases in eicosanoids but actually increased circulating levels of TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha with a physiological effect favoring vasodilation.

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