Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes from Northern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Manisha Soni ◽  
Ankita Agarwal ◽  
Paban Kumar Dash ◽  
Manmohan Parida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Viral Survival

Chikungunya virus is now recognised as a resurging arbovirus of global public health significance, with their circulation in both new and old world. It is horizontally transmitted among vertebrates by Aedes mosquitoes. So far, the existence of vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes vector is riddled with conflicting reports. In this study, presence of Chikungunya virus was detected in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that emerged from field-collected larvae from Gwalior, northern India during 2010. This was further confirmed through nucleotide sequencing that revealed the presence of novel east central south African (ECSA) genotype of Chikungunya virus. This provides molecular evidence for vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus in mosquitoes in nature, which may have important consequences for viral survival during inter-epidemic period and adverse climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular and Virological Investigation of a Focal Chikungunya Outbreak in Northern India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Soni ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
Ankita Agarwal ◽  
Natarajan Gopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Genotype Identification ◽  
Mosquito Pool

Chikungunya (CHIK) fever is one of the most important arboviral infections of medical significance. The objective of the present study is to identify and characterize the etiology of a focal febrile arthritis outbreak from Gwalior, northern India, during October-November 2010. A detailed virological (isolation) and molecular (end-point RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, and nucleotide sequencing) investigation of this outbreak was carried out by collecting and studying 52 clinical samples and 15 mosquito pools from the affected region. The investigation revealed the presence of CHIK viral RNA in 29% of clinical samples and 13% mosquito pool by RT-PCR. The quantification of CHIK viral RNA in samples varied from 102.50to 106.67 copies/mL, as demonstrated through quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, six CHIK viruses were isolated from RT-PCR positive samples. The nucleotide sequences of partial E1 gene of five representative CHIK viruses were deciphered, which revealed that all the viral strains from this outbreak belong to the recently emerging ECS African genotype. Identification of Chikungunya virus ECSA African genotype as the etiology of the present outbreak confirms the continued circulation of the novel genotype, since 2006, in India. The identification of CHIK virus inAedes aegyptialso confirmed it as the major vector in northern India.

scholarly journals Chikungunya: epidemiology

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle R. Petersen ◽  
Ann M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Temperate Climates

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. Joint pains may last months or years. It is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. In recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world and, as such, has also become a frequent cause of travel-associated febrile illness. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biological and sociological underpinnings of its emergence and its future global outlook.

scholarly journals Evidence of Experimental Vertical Transmission of Emerging Novel ECSA Genotype of Chikungunya Virus in Aedes aegypti

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Agarwal ◽  
Paban Kumar Dash ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
Natarajan Gopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Chikungunya Virus

scholarly journals Northward movement of East Central South African genotype of Chikungunya virus causing an epidemic between 2006-2010 in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (07) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Veena Mittal ◽  
Moshahid A Rizvi ◽  
Dipesh Bhattacharya ◽  
Mala Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
South India ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Central India ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
East Central ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Central South

Introduction: Re-emergence of chikungunya virus in South India after a gap of 32 years in 2006 affected over a million people in the Indian subcontinent. We kept a close vigil over the emerging trend of this virus between 2006-2010 with a view to establish the identity of the circulating genotype(s) and to determine the route of virus transmission in different parts of India. Methodology: Nucleotide sequencing of the E1 gene region from 36 strains of chikungunya virus from three states in northern India was performed for this present study. Forty-four previously reported E1 sequences, retrieved from the global genome data base were used for making a phylogenetic tree. Results: BLAST search revealed 99% homology of the northern Indian strains of the 2006-2010 outbreak with the Reunion Island isolates of 2006. Northern Indian strains of this study clustered with the East Central South African (ECSA) genotype. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the currently circulating strain of chikungunya virus in northern India had its origin from the 2006 epidemic strain of South India that moved toward northern India via the western central India between 2006-2010 in a phased manner with dominance of the ECSA genotype and not the Asian genotype.

scholarly journals Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Vern Wong ◽  
Aleksei Lulla ◽  
Indra Vythilingam ◽  
Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Yoke Fun Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Virus Rna

scholarly journals Vertical transmission of Indian Ocean Lineage of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakkrawarn Chompoosri ◽  
Usavadee Thavara ◽  
Apiwat Tawatsin ◽  
Rungfar Boonserm ◽  
Atchara Phumee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Temperature modulates innate immunity in Aedes aegypti during chikungunya virus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
B.R. Wimalasiri-Yapa ◽  
F. Frentiu ◽  
L. Stassen ◽  
R. Gumiel
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Chikungunya Virus

scholarly journals Chikungunya virus outbreak-a threat to global public health including Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mahdy ◽  
Mostofa Jamal ◽  
Hiroshi Kinoshita ◽  
Tareq Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Global Public Health

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.183-184

scholarly journals Sequential Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes with Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus Enhances Early Zika Virus Transmission

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Magalhaes ◽  
Alexis Robison ◽  
Michael Young ◽  
William Black ◽  
Brian Foy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Sequential Infection

In urban settings, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since these viruses co-circulate in several regions, coinfection in humans and vectors may occur, and human coinfections have been frequently reported. Yet, little is known about the molecular aspects of virus interactions within hosts and how they contribute to arbovirus transmission dynamics. We have previously shown that Aedes aegypti exposed to chikungunya and Zika viruses in the same blood meal can become coinfected and transmit both viruses simultaneously. However, mosquitoes may also become coinfected by multiple, sequential feeds on single infected hosts. Therefore, we tested whether sequential infection with chikungunya and Zika viruses impacts mosquito vector competence. We exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes first to one virus and 7 days later to the other virus and compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates between sequentially and single infected groups. We found that coinfection rates were high after sequential exposure and that mosquitoes were able to co-transmit both viruses. Surprisingly, chikungunya virus coinfection enhanced Zika virus transmission 7 days after the second blood meal. Our data demonstrate heterologous arbovirus synergism within mosquitoes, by unknown mechanisms, leading to enhancement of transmission under certain conditions.

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