COMPARISON OF COOLING AND HEATING REQUIREMENTS BETWEEN BRICK VENEER AND FIBRO CEMENT WALLING SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan Saha ◽  
Dharma Hagare ◽  
Jiaqi Zhou ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Brick Veneer ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Modern House

Space cooling and heating in residential sector is significant contributor to energy consumption in Australia. Therefore, it is important to reduce the cooling and heating requirements. The selection of a good walling system helps to save energy by homes. This research compared the thermal efficiency of a modern house (constructed using brick veneer walls with concrete floor slab) with an old house (constructed using fibro cement walls raised timber floor) using the AccuRate simulation tool. A standard house with two living rooms, one kitchen, one laundry and four bedrooms are simulated in a Sydney Suburb in Australia. It was found that modern house showed lower inside temperature variation than the old house all year around. The results also showed that the modern house has a lower energy consumption for space heating and cooling than the old house. The annual energy use for space heating and cooling in both the modern house and old house were 5197 kWh and 15,712 kWh respectively. Moreover, the annual energy costs were found to be $1,403 and $4,242 respectively for modern and old houses. The modern brick veneer house saved about 33 % of energy compared to old old house. When the net present value of the energy cost for f both houses over 50 years is computed, the energy cost of modern house was found to be $25,629 while it of old house is was $77,488 for the old house.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Energy Retrofitting, a Simulation for Potential Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Palestine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Sameh Monna ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Patrick Dutournie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads

Since buildings are one of the major contributors to global warming, efforts should be intensified to make them more energy-efficient, particularly existing buildings. This research intends to analyze the energy savings from a suggested retrofitting program using energy simulation for typical existing residential buildings. For the assessment of the energy retrofitting program using computer simulation, the most commonly utilized residential building types were selected. The energy consumption of those selected residential buildings was assessed, and a baseline for evaluating energy retrofitting was established. Three levels of retrofitting programs were implemented. These levels were ordered by cost, with the first level being the least costly and the third level is the most expensive. The simulation models were created for two different types of buildings in three different climatic zones in Palestine. The findings suggest that water heating, space heating, space cooling, and electric lighting are the highest energy consumers in ordinary houses. Level one measures resulted in a 19–24 percent decrease in energy consumption due to reduced heating and cooling loads. The use of a combination of levels one and two resulted in a decrease of energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting by 50–57%. The use of the three levels resulted in a decrease of 71–80% in total energy usage for heating, cooling, lighting, water heating, and air conditioning.

scholarly journals A Complementary Approach to Traditional Energy Balances for Assessing Energy Efficiency Measures in Final Uses: The Case of Space Heating and Cooling in Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6563
Author(s):  
Roque G Stagnitta ◽  
Matteo V Rocco ◽  
Emanuela Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
The Impact

Energy balances have been historically conceived based on a supply-side perspective, providing neither detailed information about energy conversion into useful services nor the effects that may be induced by the application of policies in other sectors to energy consumption. This article proposes an approach to a thorough assessment of the impact of efficiency policies on final energy uses, focusing on residential space heating and cooling, and capable of: (1) quantifying final useful services provided and (2) accounting for the global impact of efficiency policies on final energy use, taking advantage of Input–Output analysis. This approach is applied in five cities of Argentina. Firstly, the quantity of energy service provided (i.e., level of thermal comfort) for each city is evaluated and compared with the defined target. It is found out that heating comfort is guaranteed approximately as established, whereas in the cooling case the provision is twice the established level. Secondly, primary energy consumption of heating and cooling services is evaluated before and after different efficiency improvement policies. The results show that the major primary energy saving (52%) is obtained from the upgrading appliances scenario and reflect the importance of accounting for embodied energy in goods and services involved in interventions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Annual Energy Use Intensities (EUIs) by End-Use in Apartment Units According to Stratification Variables (2017 – 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Hye-Sun Jin ◽  
Han-Young Lim ◽  
You-Jeong Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Lee ◽  
Sung-Im Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
End Use

To achieve the goal of reducing greenhouses gases, many countries have recognized the importance of energy conservation in the building sector, and such countries are considerably strengthening their building energy conservation policies by reinforcing design standards, encouraging remodeling, and requiring zero-energy construction. In order to effectively strengthen these policies, it is necessary to provide information concerning energy consumption in the building sector to ensure the technical and economic feasibility of policies in the marketplace, and to allow building users and policy makers to easily access and understand energy consumption characteristics. It is important to provide information that allows people to effectively understand the state of energy consumption by end-use (space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water, etc.) as part of the creation of a concrete plan for energy reduction that incorporates various service systems and is familiar to people. This is because providing such information plays an important role in establishing concrete policies and encouraging voluntary energy performance improvements by building occupants. South Korea operates the Korea Energy Statistics Information System (KESIS) and the information provided by this type of information system consists mainly of energy consumption by energy source (electricity, gas, etc.), and such systems remain inadequate for providing effective information on energy consumption and energy use intensity (EUI) by end-use (space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water, etc.) as part of the creation of a concrete plan for energy conservation. In order to accurately provide energy consumption information by end-use rather than limit the information to mainly consumption corresponding to energy sources, in this study, measurement systems were installed in 2014 ~ 2016 based on the overall sampling designs of previous studies for apartment units, classifications, measurement and data gathering methods for energy consumption by end-use. The annual statistical values for EUI by end-use were collected from the measurement data for 71 sample apartment units from May 2017 to April 2018. This data was calculated and analyzed using stratification variable levels for completion year, supplied area, and the heat source type.

scholarly journals Detailed Office Building Energy Information Based on In Situ Measurements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
Seung-Yeong Song ◽  
Hye-Sun Jin ◽  
Soo-Yeon Ha ◽  
Sung-Im Kim ◽  
You-Jeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
End Use

Energy consumption in the building sector has been continuously increasing, and energy conservation in this sector has become critical for achieving the national goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In South Korea, information on energy sources (electricity, gas, district heating, etc.) is provided, but detailed energy use information, such as space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water (DHW) and lighting, is insufficient to establish a specific action plan for energy savings. Energy use information by end-use can be acquired through actual measurements in close proximity to actual energy use. This information reflects the effects of complex elements such as building operations and residential characteristics, but it is also insufficient. This study presents statistical data on energy use intensities (EUIs) and greenhouse-gas-emission intensities by end-use, derived by measured data collected from 48 sample office buildings in representative city from May 2017 to April 2018, and compares those with the U.S. commercial building energy consumption survey (CBECS) 2012 report. The average site EUIs by end-use were in the following order: space heating > electric appliances (typical floors) > space cooling > lighting > air movement > DHW > vertical transportation > city water supply. With regard to the average primary EUIs by end-use, the magnitude relationship between electric appliances (typical floors) and space heating was opposite that of the average site EUIs. Vertical transportation and DHW exhibited almost the same average greenhouse-gas-emission intensities as those of the average annual primary EUIs. The average site EUIs in the CBECS 2012 data were slightly different from those in this study: electric appliances, etc. > space heating > air movement > lighting > space cooling > DHW. The number of office buildings monitored in this study increased until 2019 (the number of total samples: 85), and the intensity data by end-use will be brought up to date through continuous measurement.

scholarly journals Gender and Energy for Space Heating and Cooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Prerana Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

Energy is one of the crucial aspects now-a-days to be considered from the household chores to the educational, transportation, industrial and many other sectors. Apart from cooking, space heating and cooling also have greater impact as buildings consume about 40% of world’s energy use and major part of energy is used for space heating and cooling [1]. Gender is another aspect that should be taken in to consideration in the energy sector. Discrimination between men and women, either it may be in the knowledge regarding energy sector, profession, application and practices etc. is seen in our society. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the impacts of space heating and cooling in the energy consumption pattern of Residential buildings. This paper explores how the gender issues in the energy sector can be addressed and how can it lead towards the sustainable development of the society and then nation. At the same time, paper highlights the changes and improvements in the energy consumption pattern with the enrollment of women in the energy sector. The conclusions are derived from the several literature studies and explorative data analysis with the concern of gender relation with the energy efficiency in the space heating and cooling of residential buildings.

scholarly journals Long-Term Prediction of Weather for Analysis of Residential Building Energy Consumption in Australia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4805
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Zhengen Ren ◽  
Zhi Tang ◽  
Xianrong Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Impact

Globally, buildings account for nearly 40% of the total primary energy consumption and are responsible for 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Energy consumption in buildings is increasing with the increasing world population and improving standards of living. Current global warming conditions will inevitably impact building energy consumption. To address this issue, this report conducted a comprehensive study of the impact of climate change on residential building energy consumption. Using the methodology of morphing, the weather files were constructed based on the typical meteorological year (TMY) data and predicted data generated from eight typical global climate models (GCMs) for three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) from 2020 to 2100. It was found that the most severe situation would occur in scenario RCP8.5, where the increase in temperature will reach 4.5 °C in eastern Australia from 2080–2099, which is 1 °C higher than that in other climate zones. With the construction of predicted weather files in 83 climate zones all across Australia, ten climate zones (cities)—ranging from heating-dominated to cooling-dominated regions—were selected as representative climate zones to illustrate the impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy consumption. The quantitative change in the energy requirements for space heating and cooling, along with the star rating, was simulated for two representative detached houses using the AccuRate software. It could be concluded that the RCP scenarios significantly affect the energy loads, which is consistent with changes in the ambient temperature. The heating load decreases for all climate zones, while the cooling load increases. Most regions in Australia will increase their energy consumption due to rising temperatures; however, the energy requirements of Adelaide and Perth would not change significantly, where the space heating and cooling loads are balanced due to decreasing heating and increasing cooling costs in most scenarios. The energy load in bigger houses will change more than that in smaller houses. Furthermore, Brisbane is the most sensitive region in terms of relative space energy changes, and Townsville appears to be the most sensitive area in terms of star rating change in this study. The impact of climate change on space building energy consumption in different climate zones should be considered in future design strategies due to the decades-long lifespans of Australian residential houses.

Design and Performance Analysis on CO2 Combined System in Supermarket

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Jing Hong Ning ◽  
Sheng Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Gas Cooling ◽  
And Performance

This paper reports a combined space cooling, space heating, water heating and food refrigeration system (named CO2 combined system) in supermarket. This system using CO2 as the working fluid consists of a two-stage CO2 transcritical cycle used for food refrigeration, a single-stage CO2 transcritical cycle for space cooling in summer and space heating in winter. The waste heat emitted from the CO2 gas cooling in food refrigeration cycle and space cooling and space heating cycles is recovered by heat recover exchanger and is used to provide hot water for space heating and for general usage, such as the catering, the washing and the toilet facilities in the supermarket. So this CO2 combined system improves the coefficient of performance, decreases the energy consumption as well as reduces the heat pollution. Moreover, this CO2 combined system is compared with typical conventional supermarket technology, the results show that the energy consumption of CO2 combined system is reduced largely and energy efficiency is increased obviously. It can be concluded that the CO2 combined system has a good future for protecting environment and saving energy.

scholarly journals Thermal mass impact on energy performance of a low, medium and heavy mass building in Belgrade

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Andjelkovic ◽  
Branislav Stojanovic ◽  
Mladen Stojiljkovic ◽  
Jelena Janevski ◽  
Milica Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Building Energy Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling

Heavy mass materials used in building structures and architecture can significantly affect building energy performance and occupant comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate if thermal mass can improve the internal environment of a building, resulting in lower energy requirements from the mechanical systems. The study was focused on passive building energy performance and compared annual space heating and cooling energy requirements for an office building in Belgrade with several different applications of thermal mass. A three-dimensional building model was generated to represent a typical office building. Building shape, orientation, glazing to wall ratio, envelope insulation thickness, and indoor design conditions were held constant while location and thickness of building mass (concrete) was varied between cases in a series of energy simulations. The results were compared and discussed in terms of the building space heating and cooling energy and demand affected by thermal mass. The simulation results indicated that with addition of thermal mass to the building envelope and structure: 100% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space heating energy requirements, 67% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space cooling energy requirements, 83% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space heating demand and 50% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space cooling demand. The study demonstrated that there exists a potential for reducing space heating and cooling energy requirements with heavy mass construction in the analyzed climate region (Belgrade, Serbia).

Seeking Feasible Low-Carbon Residential Design Strategies According to the Energy Consuming Sources of the Residential Construction

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 624-627
Author(s):  
Chao Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Domestic Energy

According to Xuanmei Yang and other scholars’ study, space heating and cooling together with water heating consist the majority of domestic energy consumption. This article analyzes the seven aspects of domestic energy consumption by heating or cooling. From the building envelope technology and low-carbon technology aspects, it provides numbers of feasible strategies to attain low-carbon residential design adapting to the energy consuming sources of the residential construction.

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