Examining the Effects of Long Term Exercise Training on Some Physical and Physiological Parameters of 12-15 Years Old Children

Aerobic exercise training has many known cardiovascular benefits that may promote healthy aging. It is not known if long-term aerobic exercise training is also associated with structural benefits (e.g., lower fat mass, higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) and greater muscle mass). We evaluated these parameters in middle-aged long-term endurance runners compared to sex-, age-, height-, and weight-matched non-running controls. Total and regional lean and fat mass and areal BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sagittal magnetic resonance images captured the cross-sectional area and thickness of the lumbar multifidus. Runners (n = 10; all male) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 49 (4) years, height of 178.9 (4.9) cm, weight of 67.8 (5.8) kg, body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 (1.4) kg/m2 and had been running 82.6 (27.9) km/week for 23 (13) years. Controls (n = 9) had a mean (SD) age of 51 (5) years, height of 176.0 (5.1) cm, weight of 72.8 (7.1) kg, and BMI of 23.7 (2.1) kg/m2. BMI was greater in controls (p = 0.010). When compared to controls on average, runners had a 10 percentage-point greater total body lean mass than controls (p = 0.001) and 14% greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.010), as well as less total body (8.6 kg; p < 0.001), arm (58%; p = 0.002), leg (52%; p < 0.001), trunk (73%; p < 0.001), android (91%; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat mass (64%; p < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups for BMD outcomes or multifidus size. These results underscore the benefits of endurance running to body composition that carry over to middle-age.

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Long-Term Exercise Training Selectively Alters Serum Cytokines Involved in Fever

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800408329409 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Pamela Johnson Rowsey ◽

Bonnie L. Metzger ◽

John Carlson ◽

Christopher J. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Female Rats ◽

Chronic Exercise ◽

Serum Cytokines ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Running Wheels

Long-term exercise training selectively alters serum cytokines involved in fever. Chronic exercise training has a number of effects on the immune system that may mimic the physiological response to fever. Female rats that voluntarily exercise on running wheels develop an elevated daytime core temperature after several weeks of training. It remains to be seen whether the elevation in daytime temperature involves inflammatory patterns characteristic of an infectious fever. We assessed whether chronic exercise training in the rat would alter levels of cytokines involved in fever. Female Sprague Dawley rats at 45 days of age weighing 90—110 g were divided into two groups (exercise and sedentary) and housed at an ambient temperature of 22°C. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), iron, and zinc levels were analyzed. Rats underwent 8 weeks of exercise on running wheels. Exercise led to altered levels of some key cytokines that are involved in fever. Exercise animals had significantly higher IL-1β levels and lower IL-10 levels compared to sedentary animals. Although IL-6 levels were slightly lower in the exercise animals, these levels were not significantly affected by training. TNF-α activity was similar in the two groups. Training also led to a slight increase in serum zinc and decrease in serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC). The data suggest that chronic exercise training evokes immune responses that mimic some, but not all, aspects of fever. This may explain why exercise leads to elevated daytime core temperature.

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Long-term benefits of exercise training in patients with a systemic right ventricle

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 105-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Teun van der Bom ◽

Michiel M. Winter ◽

Jennifer L. Knaake ◽

Elena Cervi ◽

Leonie S.C. de Vries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Right Ventricle ◽

Systemic Right Ventricle

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Long-Term Effects of Home-Based Bench-Stepping Exercise Training on Healthcare Expenditure for Elderly Japanese

Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.2188/jea.je20100103 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 363-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yukari Mori ◽

Takuro Tobina ◽

Koji Shirasaya ◽

Akira Kiyonaga ◽

Munehiro Shindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Healthcare Expenditure ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Home Based ◽

Elderly Japanese ◽

Stepping Exercise

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Exercise training improves physical function and fitness in long-term paediatric brain tumour survivors treated with cranial irradiation

European Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.ejca.2017.04.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 63-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P.J. Piscione ◽

E. Bouffet ◽

B. Timmons ◽

K.S. Courneya ◽

D. Tetzlaff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Brain Tumour ◽

Cranial Irradiation ◽

Paediatric Brain Tumour

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Long-term cardiorespiratory results of exercise training following cardiac transplantation

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03108-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 190-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Terence Kavanagh ◽

Donald J Mertens ◽

Roy J Shephard ◽

Joseph Beyene ◽

Johanna Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Cardiac Transplantation

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Failure of prolonged exercise training to increase red cell mass in humans

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.1.h121 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (1) ◽

pp. H121-H126 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. K. Shoemaker ◽

H. J. Green ◽

J. Coates ◽

M. Ali ◽

S. Grant

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Prolonged Exercise ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Red Cell ◽

Total Blood ◽

Mean Cell Volume ◽

Red Cell Mass ◽

Mean Cell Hemoglobin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time-dependent effects of long-term prolonged exercise training on vascular volumes and hematological status. Training using seven untrained males [age 21.1 +/- 1.4 (SE) yr] initially consisted of cycling at 68% of peak aerobic power (VO2peak) for 2 h/day, 4-5 days/wk, for 11 wk. Absolute training intensity was increased every 3 wk. Red cell mass (RCM), obtained using 51Cr, was unchanged (P > 0.05) with training (2,142 +/- 95, 2,168 +/- 86, 2,003 +/- 112, and 2,080 +/- 116 ml at 0, 3, 6, and 11 wk, respectively) as were serum erythropoietin levels (17.1 +/- 4.3, 13.9 +/- 3.5, and 17.0 +/- 2.0 U/l at 0, 6, and 11 wk, respectively). Plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and total blood volume (TBV) were also not significantly altered. The increase in mean cell volume that occurred with training (89.7 +/- 0.95 vs. 91.0 +/- 1.0 fl, 0 vs. 6 wk, P < 0.05) was not accompanied by changes in either mean cell hemoglobin or mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Serum ferritin was reduced 73% with training (67.4 +/- 13 to 17.9 +/- 1 microgram/l, 0 vs. 11 wk, P < 0.05). Total hemoglobin (HbTot) calculated as the product of hemoglobin concentration and TBV was unaltered (P > 0.05) at both 6 and 11 wk of training. The 15% increase in VO2peak (3.39 +/- 0.16 to 3.87 +/- 0.14 l/min, 0 vs. 11 wk, P < 0.05) with training occurred despite a failure of training to change TBV, RCM, or HbTot.

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