Agro-Financing and Agricultural Output in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Romanus OSABOHIEN ◽  
Isaiah O. OLURINOLA ◽  
Oluwatoyin A. MATTHEW

This study examined the impact of agro-financing on agricultural output in Nigeria. The data for the study was sourced from the Central of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank for the period between 1990 and 2019. The study applied the Canonical Cointegration approach to achieve its objectives. Findings showed that agro-financing significantly affect the level of agricultural output in Nigeria. The result of the econometric models estimated in this study showed that, on average, a 1% increase in agro-financing may increase agricultural output by between 0.12%. Therefore, the study recommended that more agro-funding at low-interest rates will motivate farmers to invest in high-yield seedlings, farm implements, organic inputs that are capable of positively impacting total yield leading to more output.

Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Jacek Sawicki

Due to the fundamental digitization of social/economic life, it takes on an “on” and “offline” scale image of the world. While analyzing the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the segmentation of world markets, the disruptions in the functioning of some industries, sectors, and entire economies are becoming deeper. The spread of COVID-19 has led to the dysfunction of a known ecosystem, and the destructive force of human isolation and the lockdown of economies have significantly influenced the behavior of societies and governments. Many customer-centric companies have reactively redefined their strategies, and the financial sector, especially banks, was to play an important role in absorbing the shock by providing the necessary credit to businesses and households. Meanwhile, the same institutions have experienced capital and liquidity destabilization due to increased risk reserves created and an operating in conditions of historically low interest rates. Unexpectedly, the pandemic has become another determinant of the new quality of processes, phenomena, and business models.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-808
Author(s):  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Tayyaba Naveed

Purpose: This study is conducted to examine the effectiveness of Investment in various sectors of the economy on exports of Pakistan over the period from 1972 to 2018. Methodology: For this purpose, World Development Indicators and Handbook of Statistics on Pakistan Economy have been utilized to collect time-series data on the related variables. Moreover, the econometric results have been calculated using the ARDL approach and diagnostics statistics are based on Normality Test, Ramsey RESET test and stability tests. Findings: The long-run results explore that Investments in the Agriculture & Manufacturing sectors, Terms of Trade and Human Capital are increasing exports of Pakistan while investments in Services & Transportation sectors are reducing exports of Pakistan. Implications: Based on econometric results, it is suggested that investments in manufacturing and agriculture sectors should be enhanced through low interest rates or by providing opportunities to the private sector so that it may lead to higher growth and exports.


Author(s):  
Nguyen Manh Hung

Trong khoảng 10 - 15 năm gần đây, ở Việt Nam đã nổi lên luận điểm rằng: cải cách thể chế kinh tế ngày càng đóng vai trò quan trọng hơn trong tiến trình đổi mới. Khi các nguồn lực như tài nguyên thiên nhiên, lao động giá rẻ và vốn...đã đến giới hạn thì cải cách thể chế trở thành đòi hỏi tất yếu đối với nền kinh tế. Tuy nhiên, đây cũng là thử thách khó khăn của quá trình phát triển. Trên thế giới, nhiều quốc gia chỉ đạt được một phần mục tiêu của cải cách, thậm chí ở một số quốc gia nỗ lực cải cách thể chế lại đẩy nền kinh tế vào những bất ổn không ngừng.  Tiến trình cải cách thể chế kinh tế sẽ khó thể thành công nếu không đi kèm với nỗ lực thiết lập một nền tảng quản trị quốc gia vững mạnh. Từ khóa Quản trị, thể chế, kinh tế thị trường, cải cách References [1] Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Random House[2] Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson (2001), “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation” The American Economic Review Vol. 91, No. 5 (Dec., 2001)[3] Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James Robinson (2005). “Institutions as Fundamental Cause of Long run Growth”, Handbook ofEconomic Growth, Volume IA. Edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven N. Durlauf. 2005 Elsevier B.V[4] Asian Development Bank (1995). Governance: Sound Development Management, October 1995;[5] Diễn đàn kinh tế tư nhân Việt Nam 2016: Cơ hội, thách thức và giải pháp. Hà nội,[6] Heritage Foundation (2017). 2017 Index of Economic Freedom,[7] [http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking][8] International Development Association (1998). Additions to IDA Resources: Twelfth Replenishment (IDA12). 23 December 1998; [9] Kasper, Wolfgang and Manfred E Streit (1999). Institutional Economics: Social Order and Public Policy, Edward Elgar. Tr. 41[10] Kaufmann, Daniel; Aart Kraay, Massimo Mastruzzi (2010), The Worldwide Governance Indicators Methodology and Analytical Issues, the World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5430, September 2010[11] Nguyễn Quang Thuấn (2017). “Cải thiện nền quản trị quốc gia, tạo môi trường thuận lợi thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế trong giai đoạn tới”, tham luận tại Diễn đàn Kinh tế Việt Nam 2017: Phát huy nội lực, tăng trưởng bền vững, Ban kinh tế trung ương ngày 27/06/2017[12] North, D.C. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.[13] Osborne, S. P. (2006), “The New Public Governance?” Public Management Review, vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 377-388.[14] UNDP (1997). “Governance for Sustainable Human Development” New York; WB (1994). Governance: The World Bank’s Experience. Washington DC; [15] VCCI & USAID (2015). Báo cáo năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh năm 2015. Hà Nội: Phòng Thương mại và Công nghiệp Việt Nam và Cơ quan Phát triển Quốc tế Hoa Kỳ [16] Wolfensohn, James D. (1999), Address to the Board of Governors (September 28, 1999), the World Bank[17] WB (1992). World Development Report: Governance and Development, Washington DC. [18] WB (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth, Washington DC[19] WB (2016). Ease of Doing Business 2016. Washington DC [20] http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/vietnam[21] WB (1997). World Development Report 1997. Washington DC. [22] WB (2017). Worldwide Governance Indicator, [23] http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports[24] World Economic Forum (2016). Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Geneva.


Author(s):  
Jacques de Jongh

Globalisation has had an unprecedented impact on the development and well-being of societies across the globe. Whilst the process has been lauded for bringing about greater trade specialisation and factor mobility many have also come to raise concerns on its impact in the distribution of resources. For South Africa in particular this has been somewhat of a contentious issue given the country's controversial past and idiosyncratic socio-economic structure. Since 1994 though, considerable progress towards its global integration has been made, however this has largely coincided with the establishment of, arguably, the highest levels of income inequality the world has ever seen. This all has raised several questions as to whether a more financially open and technologically integrated economy has induced greater within-country inequality (WCI). This study therefore has the objective to analyse the impact of the various dimensions of globalisation (economic, social and political) on inequality in South Africa. Secondary annual time series from 1990 to 2018 were used sourced from the World Bank Development indicators database, KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the World Inequality database. By using different measures of inequality (Palma ratios and distribution figures), the study employed two ARDL models to test the long-run relationships with the purpose to ensure the robustness of the results. Likewise, two error correction models (ECM) were used to analyse the short-run dynamics between the variables. As a means of identifying the casual effects between the variables, a Toda-Yamamoto granger causality analysis was utilised. Keywords: ARDL, Inequality, Economic Globalisation; Social Globalisation; South Africa


Around the world, people nearing and entering retirement are holding ever-greater levels of debt than in the past. This is not a benign situation, as many pre-retirees and retirees are stressed about their indebtedness. Moreover, this growth in debt among the older population may render retirees vulnerable to financial shocks, medical care bills, and changes in interest rates. Contributors to this volume explore key aspects of the rise in debt across older cohorts, drill down into the types of debt and reasons for debt incurred by the older population, and review policies to remedy some of the financial problems facing older persons, in the United States and elsewhere. The authors explore which groups are most affected by debt, and they also identify the factors causing this important increase in leverage at older ages. It is clear that the economic and market environments are influential when it comes to saving and debt. Access to easy borrowing, low interest rates, and the rising cost of education have had important impacts on how much people borrow, and how much debt they carry at older ages. In this environment, the capacity to manage debt is ever more important as older workers lack the opportunity to recover for mistakes.


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