ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION OF HEALTH IMPROVING FEMALE TRAINING

Aim. The paper deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of an individual approach to health-improving female training. Materials and methods. A specific individual orientation of training effects for women aged from 21 to 35 years was determined depending on their somatotypes: asthenic (n = 14), normosthenic (n = 18) and hypersthenic (n = 16). Individual somatotype-based health-improving training programs were implemented by 48 women during a nine-month macrocycle. The following research methods were used: anthropometric measurements, somatotyping, control and pedagogical tests, a set of biomedical methods, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Distinctive somatotype features, body composition, functional status, physical fitness were determined in women engaged in shaping. The asthenic type is characterized by the smallest weight and height, as well as body circumference measurements, vital capacity, hand dynamometry, and body composition data. The hypersthenic type is described by the highest figures for the parameters studied. The normosthenic somatotype is distinguished by average data. Assessment of physical development, functional status and physical fitness in women demonstrated deviations from standard values for most indicators. The individualized method of developing health-improving female training programs based on somatotype characteristics provided statistically significant positive dynamics of physical development, body composition, functional status, physical fitness compared with the initial values. Conclusion. The focus of health-improving training programs for women aged from 21 to 35 years is determined based on morphofunctional and conditioning features that are specific for various somatotypes.

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Comparison of Isokinetic Muscle Function and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in the Knee According to Kukki Taekwondo Training Type

Physical Activity Review ◽

10.16926/par.2021.09.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 40-55

Author(s):

Jonghyeon Kang ◽

Jusik Park ◽

John Arthur Johnson

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Training Programs ◽

Anaerobic Exercise ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Function Measurement

Introduction: This study’s purpose was to measure and compare isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of knee joints according to the three Kukki Taekwondo competition types. Methods: A total of 21 elite Korean male poomsae (forms), gyorugi (sparring), and demonstration athletes majoring in Taekwondo were selected as the subjects of the study. Subjects’ physical fitness levels were measured using standardized strength, endurance, agility, balance, and flexibility tests. In particular, the isokinetic muscle function measurement system was used to measure the muscle function of subjects’ knee joints, and the Wingate test was used to measure their anaerobic exercise ability. Results: Gyorugi athletes showed better results than their poomsae and demonstration counterparts in nearly all metrics, including body composition, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function (60°/sec), muscle power (180°/sec), and anaerobic exercise capacity. Gyorugi athletes were also taller and showed higher muscle mass, strength, muscular endurance, and agility. However, poomsae athletes showed a higher level of flexibility. The results found isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of the knee joint to be most important for gyorugi athletes and then for demonstration and poomsae athletes, in that order. Conclusions: This study provides useful information needed to identify the physical fitness factors of the different Kukki Taekwondo athletes, and, in turn, it is may serve as important fundamental data for developing future systematic Taekwondo training programs.

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