scholarly journals Comparison of Isokinetic Muscle Function and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in the Knee According to Kukki Taekwondo Training Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Jonghyeon Kang ◽  
Jusik Park ◽  
John Arthur Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Function Measurement

Introduction: This study’s purpose was to measure and compare isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of knee joints according to the three Kukki Taekwondo competition types. Methods: A total of 21 elite Korean male poomsae (forms), gyorugi (sparring), and demonstration athletes majoring in Taekwondo were selected as the subjects of the study. Subjects’ physical fitness levels were measured using standardized strength, endurance, agility, balance, and flexibility tests. In particular, the isokinetic muscle function measurement system was used to measure the muscle function of subjects’ knee joints, and the Wingate test was used to measure their anaerobic exercise ability. Results: Gyorugi athletes showed better results than their poomsae and demonstration counterparts in nearly all metrics, including body composition, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function (60°/sec), muscle power (180°/sec), and anaerobic exercise capacity. Gyorugi athletes were also taller and showed higher muscle mass, strength, muscular endurance, and agility. However, poomsae athletes showed a higher level of flexibility. The results found isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of the knee joint to be most important for gyorugi athletes and then for demonstration and poomsae athletes, in that order. Conclusions: This study provides useful information needed to identify the physical fitness factors of the different Kukki Taekwondo athletes, and, in turn, it is may serve as important fundamental data for developing future systematic Taekwondo training programs.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Indoor Cycling Program in Improving the Physical Condition of Young Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chukhlantseva
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

AbstractIntroduction. Indoor cycling training programs at fitness clubs offer the possibility of optimizing the structure and amount of physical activity, which reduces the risk of disrupting the adaptive abilities of women’s bodies. The main purpose of this study was to identify the effect of an indoor cycling program on the body composition and physical fitness of young women.Material and methods. Twenty-nine women (age = 29.31 ± 3.40 years, body weight = 70.71 ± 6.15 kg, and height = 169.83 ± 3.17 cm) took part in the study, participating in three classes per week for 16 weeks. Each class included three periods: the preparatory, main, and supporting periods. Body composition (waist circumference and body mass index), cardiorespiratory fitness (VО2max), motor fitness (balance), and musculoskeletal fitness (upper and lower body muscle strength and muscular endurance) were compared before the beginning of the study and after 10 and 16 weeks of training. Changes recorded in each variable over time were analyzed statistically using repeated measures methods.Results. Significant improvements in physical fitness were identified in the values of the body mass index (7.81%; ES: 0.95, p = 0.0001) and VО2max (12.51%; ES: 1.02, p = 0.0001). Moderate improvements were found in lower body muscle strength (11.13%; ES: 0.66, p = 0.0001) and waist circumference (6.05%, ES: 0.65, p = 0.0001). There was an increase in the strength of the muscles of the upper body (5.27%; ES: 0.41, p = 0.0001), muscular endurance (8.20%; ES: 0.32, p = 0.0001), and balance (10.68%; ES: 0.29, p = 0.003).Conclusion. Indoor cycling in a fitness club is an effective form of exercise for young women; it has targeted training effects on the body’s functional systems, adaptive abilities, and physical fitness.

Quantitative assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle function, and body composition in adults with primary malignant glioma

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13002-e13002
Author(s):  
L. Jones ◽  
A. Friedman ◽  
M. West ◽  
S. Mabe ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Cross Sectional

e13002 Background: The neuropsychological impact of malignant glioma is well documented; the physiological and functional effects are not known. We conducted a pilot study to quantitatively assess cardiorespiratiory fitness, skeletal muscle function, and body composition of patients with primary malignant glioma. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, patients with clinically stable postsurgical (10 ± 7 days post surgery) high-grade glioma (HGG; n=25) and low-grade glioma (LGG) were studied. Participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with expired gas analysis to assess peak exercise capacity (VO2peak) and other parameters of cardiovascular function. Other physiological outcomes included skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA; magnetic resonance imaging), isokinetic muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer), and body composition (air displacement plethysmography). QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain scale (FACT-BR). Results: CPET was a feasible and safe procedure for malignant glioma patients with no serious adverse events. Peak VO2 indexed to total body weight and lean body mass for both groups was 13.0 mL.min-1 and 19 mL.min-1; the equivalent to 59% and 38% below age and sex-predicted normative values, respectively. Skeletal muscle isokinetic strength was significantly lower in HGG relative to LGG patients (83 vs. 125 Nm, p=.025) and predicted peak VO2 (r = 0.44, p<0.05). In patients with HGG, only self-reported exercise behavior was correlated with QOL (r = 0.42; p=.046) while sex (male) (r = 0.44; p=.037), lean mass (r = -0.41; p=.049), and VO2peak (r = -0.40; p=.052) were associated with fatigue. Conclusions: CPET is a safe and feasible tool to evaluate physical functioning in select patients with malignant glioma. Postsurgical glioma patients have markedly reduced exercise capacity, isokinetic strength and CSA. Muscle strength is an important contributor to poor VO2peak in this population. Prospective studies are now required to determine whether such abnormalities influence prognosis as well as test the effect of appropriately selected interventions to prevent and/or mitigate dysfunction. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION OF HEALTH IMPROVING FEMALE TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
S Sevdalev ◽  
A Skidan ◽  
E Vrublevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Data Assessment ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Hand Dynamometry ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

Aim. The paper deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of an individual approach to health-improving female training. Materials and methods. A specific individual orientation of training effects for women aged from 21 to 35 years was determined depending on their somatotypes: asthenic (n = 14), normosthenic (n = 18) and hypersthenic (n = 16). Individual somatotype-based health-improving training programs were implemented by 48 women during a nine-month macrocycle. The following research methods were used: anthropometric measurements, somatotyping, control and pedagogical tests, a set of biomedical methods, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Distinctive somatotype features, body composition, functional status, physical fitness were determined in women engaged in shaping. The asthenic type is characterized by the smallest weight and height, as well as body circumference measurements, vital capacity, hand dynamometry, and body composition data. The hypersthenic type is described by the highest figures for the parameters studied. The normosthenic somatotype is distinguished by average data. Assessment of physical development, functional status and physical fitness in women demonstrated deviations from standard values for most indicators. The individualized method of developing health-improving female training programs based on somatotype characteristics provided statistically significant positive dynamics of physical development, body composition, functional status, physical fitness compared with the initial values. Conclusion. The focus of health-improving training programs for women aged from 21 to 35 years is determined based on morphofunctional and conditioning features that are specific for various somatotypes.

Impact of Physical Training Programs on Physical Fitness in People With Class II and III Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Maria Pazzianotto-Forti ◽  
Marlene Aparecida Moreno ◽  
Emma Plater ◽  
Silvia Beatriz Serra Baruki ◽  
Irineu Rasera-Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Unclear Risk

Abstract Background Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides numerous health benefits for individuals who are overweight and obese and have or are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Purpose The purpose of this review was to identify different types of physical training programs (aerobic, resistance, or combined), with or without counseling/diet modifications, and their impact on physical fitness in individuals who have class II and III obesity. Data Sources Medline and Medline In-Process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017. Study Selection This review had the following inclusion criteria: body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 and age 18 years or older; supervised physical training program; randomized controlled trial; physical fitness outcome (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and/or flexibility); in English or Portuguese; and available full-text article. Data Extraction Three reviewers independently extracted data, assessed study risk of bias using the Cochrane tool, and discussed disagreements until consensus was reached. Data Synthesis Of the 9460 identified articles, 26 were included and 8 were used in a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed improvements in walking speed and maximal oxygen uptake but not knee extension strength in the intervention groups. The Cochrane risk-of-bias score indicated that the majority of the data were from randomized controlled trials with a low or unclear risk of bias. Limitations The large variability of outcomes and interventions made comparisons difficult. Conclusions A combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, in addition to diet modifications, may improve cardiovascular and muscular endurance in individuals with class II and III obesity. However, conclusions must be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures among the studies and an unclear risk of bias in several studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Functional Training on Physical Fitness Among Athletes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensheng Xiao ◽  
Kim Geok Soh ◽  
Mohd Rozilee Wazir Norjali Wazir ◽  
Othman Talib ◽  
Xiaorong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Training Interventions

There is evidence that functional training is beneficial for the overall physical fitness of athletes. However, there is a lack of a systematic review focused on the effects of functional training on athletes' physical fitness. Thus, the aimed of the present review is to clarify the effects of functional training on physical fitness among athletes. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) Statement guidelines, the systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and CINAHL Plus databases was undertaken on the 2nd November 2020 to identify the reported studies, using a combination of keywords related to functional training, physical fitness, and athletes. From the 145 studies, only nine articles met all eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. The assessment was performed on the Pedro scale, and the quality of the study included in the nine studies was fair (ranging from 3 to 4). The results showed that speed (n = 6) was the aspect of physical fitness studied in functional training interventions, followed by muscular strength (n = 5), power (n = 4), balance (n = 3), body composition (n = 3), agility (n = 3), flexibility (n = 1) and muscular endurance (n = 1). Existing evidence concludes that functional training significantly impacts speed, muscular strength, power, balance, and agility. Furthermore, there are still limit numbers of evidence showing effect of functional training on flexibility and muscular endurance. In contrast, no significant improvement was found in body composition where functional training was conducted.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD4202123092.

Improving Fitness of Dually Diagnosed Adults

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Merriman ◽  
Beth E. Barnett ◽  
Eric S. Jarry
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Dually Diagnosed ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Day Treatment Program ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Lack of prior research led to this study on the effect of a physical fitness program combined with a token economy reinforcement system on the physical fitness of 22 dually diagnosed adults of a day-treatment program. Between pre- and posttests, subjects participated in a 12-wk. training program of 40 to 45 min. of exercise three times a week. Subjects received tokens after each session in which they participated actively. Analysis indicated significant differences between pre- and posttest scores for muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and flexibility but not for body composition.

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