scholarly journals EKSISTENSI DAN NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN KOMUNITAS SAMIN DI KUDUS DAN PATI

HUMANIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Alamsyah Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Ignorance

Samin community in Sukolilo Pati and Undaan Kudus is a potrait of cultural diversity of our nation. Samin Community that still survive today, in the historical context of existence, has existed since the late 19th century. This community has a contribution in realizing Indonesian Independence by fighting against Dutch colonialist. Public ignorance towards history, culture and Samin’s thought makes people perceive that this comunity “Do as they own wishes” without heeding the public regulations and norms. Negative stereotypes appears about this community which leads to oddity, peculiarity or anything unnatural (nyleneh). Whereas this community has cultural values based on the local wisdom (local wisdom). Samin wisdom can be an example in building diversity, integration and social harmony.

scholarly journals The contributions of Otto Hebold and Julius Gaupp to the study of spinal vascular malformations: Original documents and historical context

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-612
Author(s):  
Philippe Gailloud
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformation ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations

Book chapters and journal articles dealing with spinal cord vascular malformations often reference Otto Hebold and Julius Gaupp, but frequently misrepresent the observations published by the two German authors in the late 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better appreciation of these important contributions based on abridged translations of original documents set in their historical context, notably regarding the landmark works of Brasch, Raymond and Cestan, and Lindenmann. It is concluded that Gaupp offered the first reliable description of a perimedullary arteriovenous fistula while the lesion reported by Hebold was not a spinal vascular malformation.

Ethics of medical research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Bobba
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Torres Strait

Conducting ethical health research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations requires an understanding of their unique cultural values and the historical context. The assimilation of Indigenous people with the broader community through colonial policies such as the dispossession of land and forcible removal of children from their families in the Stolen Generation, deprived entire communities of their liberty. Poorly designed research protocols can perpetuate discriminatory values, reinforce negative stereotypes and stigmas and lead to further mistrust between the Indigenous community and healthcare professionals. The manuscript offers a fresh perspective and an up-to-date literature review on the ethical implications of conducting health research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

Nineteenth century public relations: Siam's campaign to defend national sovereignty

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Napawan Tantivejakul
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
International Diplomacy

PurposeThis research aims to identify the use of the public relations (PR) methods implemented by King Rama V and his administration to counter the threat to Siam of imperialism in the late 19th century. It also seeks to demonstrate the interplay of the communication strategies used in international diplomacy to enhance Siam's visibility among major European nations.Design/methodology/approachThis is a historical study using both primary and secondary sources. It is a development of the national PR history methodology using a descriptive, fact-based and event-oriented approach.FindingsThe main findings are that (1) a PR strategy drove international diplomacy under the administration of Siam's monarch incorporating strategies such as governmental press relations activities; (2) the strategy in building Siam's image as a civilized country was successfully communicated through the personality of King Rama V during his first trip to Europe; (3) with a close observation of the public and press sentiments, the outcome of the integrated PR and diplomatic campaigns was that Siam defended its sovereignty against British and French imperialists’ pressures and was therefore never colonized.Research limitations/implicationsThis research adds to the body of knowledge of global PR history by demonstrating that PR evolved before the 20th century in different countries and cultures with different historical paths and sociocultural, political and economic contexts.Originality/valueThis study from an Asian nation demonstrates that PR was being practiced in the late 19th century outside the Western context, prior to the advent of the term. It is a rare example of PR being developed as a part of an anti-colonization strategy.

First clinical use of stereotaxy in humans: the key role of x-ray localization discovered by Gaston Contremoulins

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bourdillon ◽  
Caroline Apra ◽  
Marc Lévêque
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Intracranial Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

Although attempts to develop stereotactic approaches to intracranial surgery started in the late 19th century with Dittmar, Zernov, and more famously, Horsley and Clarke, widespread use of the technique for human brain surgery started in the second part of the 20th century. Remarkably, a significant similar surgical procedure had already been performed in the late 19th century by Gaston Contremoulins in France and has remained unknown. Contremoulins used the principles of modern stereotaxy in association with radiography for the first time, allowing the successful removal of intracranial bullets in 2 patients. This surgical premiere, greatly acknowledged in the popular French newspaper L’Illustration in 1897, received little scientific or governmental interest at the time, as it emanated from a young self-taught scientist without official medical education. This surgical innovation was only made possible financially by popular crowdfunding and, despite widespread military use during World War I, with 37,780 patients having benefited from this technique for intra- or extracranial foreign bodies, it never attracted academic or neurosurgical consideration. The authors of this paper describe the historical context of stereotactic developments and the personal history of Contremoulins, who worked in the department of experimental physiology of the French Academy of Sciences led by Étienne-Jules Marey in Paris, and later devoted himself to radiography and radioprotection. The authors also give precise information about his original stereotactic tool “the bullet finder” (“le chercheur de projectiles”) and its key concepts.

DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHIVE SYSTEM IN BULGARIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Rita Burceva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
World View ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives

Both Latvian and foreign researchers emphasise the importance of memory institutions (libraries, archives, museums, etc.) in the development of the world view of the public and the basic understanding of cultural values, and a document, which is a primary information carrier in the time and space, is a significant element of culture. The different history of development of various states determined the different peculiarities of the archive systems and their functions in the past and up to nowadays. Studying the specifics of development of archive systems in other countries gives us basis for gaining new experiences and developing cooperation, adopting the positive experience and seeking opportunities to provide access to the documentary heritage for the public needs. The purpose of the research – to study and describe the historical context for the development of the Bulgarian state archives. The object of the research – the peculiarities of development of activity of the state archives of the Republic of Bulgaria. During the course of research the materials collected by researchers of the history of Bulgaria were summarised, some monographs and research papers in professional publications by the archive science specialists were used. The historical origin of the development of Bulgarian archives is directly linked with the important role of Byzantium during the interregnum between the antique and medieval culture in Europe and Middle East. In 1952 the Central State Archive of History, the Central State Archive of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria and regional state archives in the centres of 12 administrative regions. Following the administrative territorial reform from 1959–1963 there was a total of 12 state regional archives established in Bulgaria. During the period between 1961 and 1992 the regional archives are under the direct supervision of municipalities/ people’s councils. In 1974 the third archive – the Central State Technical Archive was established. It can be concluded that regardless of the fact that in the 20th century the existent principles and methods of activity of archives in Russia were introduced in the archive activity in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, the different historical context of the development of various states determined different public attitude towards the preserved documentary heritage in the country, providing access to it and the assessment of the significance of the information included and facts described in the documents.

Staging Realms of the Past in 19th-Century Western Europe: Comparing Monumental Strategies of Middle-Class Nationalists

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helke Rausch
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Nation

AbstractIn large parts of late 19th-century Europe, monumental landscapes in the metropoles appear as public platforms where national realms of the pasts were invented. Public statues installed in Paris, Berlin and London would hardly express coherent national mentalities. They rather symbolize their initiator's propagandist attempts at defining the nation while they could be perceived quite controversially. Beyond state-dominated images of the nation in Berlin, there were attempts at referring to more liberal demands in the German national movement. In London, the seemingly consensual recourse to British Monarchy testifies to the fact that monument committees transformed the concept of monarchy into a common reference point of civic patriotism while public reference to the highly non-egalitarian social order was ignored. In Paris, the placement of national cult figures was even more part of a controversial process and hardly exemplified a constantly assured French nation. A comparative analysis of rhetorical strategies and their repercussions upon the public could add to a pluralistic European history of resilient nationalistic rhetorics and their questionable success in each case.

Literary Societies in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century: Approaches to an Interdisciplinary Description

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
A. S. Bodrova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Literary Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 19Th Century

The review article systematizes the principle achievements in the studies of the literary societies and associations in the Russian and foreign historiography of the 1990–2010s, and analyzes approaches to this material within the framework of various disciplines and methodologies. The author suggests an institutional approach as the basis for the development of a conceptual and fact-fortified language for describing the literary societies in Russia in the fi rst half of the 19th century. An institutional approach provides an opportunity to link the history of the literary associations with the broader socio-historical context and to describe the role played by the literary societies in the formation of the «public sphere» and civil society in the 19th-century Russia

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