The peasant volost court of the Russian Empire in the estimates of the public of the late 19th century

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

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“Our Position and Purposes on the Pacific Coast”: The Far East Development in the Perception of the Military Thinker P. F. Unterberger (1898)

Herald of an Archivist ◽

10.28995/2073-0101-2020-4-1215-1227 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1215-1227

Author(s):

Konstantin A. Medvedev ◽

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

Far East ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Central Russia ◽

The Far East ◽

Military Presence ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Russian Empire

This article is devoted to the Russian military and statesman P. F. Unterberger and his views on the position of the Russian Empire in the Far East in the late 19th century. The source of the article is the P. F. Unterberger’s note, which demonstrates primary objectives of Russia in the region. It is a part of P. F. Unterberger’s fond in the Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA). The note was written in the late 19th century and is noteworthy not only as a source, revealing aspects of external and internal policy of Russia, but as an attempt of a Russian general to make a project of the Far East’s development. Therefore, on the basis of his note, the article strives to assess intellectual tendencies and processes of the era. Of primary importance for P. F. Unterberger was military presence of Russia in the Far East. He pointed out that strategic importance of the region had significantly increased in the late 19th century. He saw one of the main aims of the Russian Empire in acquiring an ice-free port in the Far East. The need to connect the Far Eastern periphery with Central Russia prompted him to address the problem of transport development. Thus, P. F. Unterberger underscored the necessity of the Trans-Siberian Railway construction. He focused on relations between Russia and other states. P. F. Unterberger urged Russia to establish cordial relations with China, the biggest state of the Far East. On England, which also had its interests on the Pacific coast, he held a different view. Japan he considered Russia’s most dangerous enemy in the region. There are some results in the article’s conclusion. The note of P. F. Unterberger shows some intellectual tendencies of the turn of the 20th centuries. One of them was the idea of “yellow peril.” However, of most significance is the source itself. Such complex theories subsequently have become a part of the scholarship known as “geopolitics.”

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When the Magic of Numbers Does Not Work...: A Review of B. N. Mironov, Upravlenie etnicheskim mnogoobraziem Rossiyskoy imperii [Managing the Ethnic Diversity of the Russian Empire

Antropologicheskij forum ◽

10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-213-226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (48) ◽

pp. 213-226

Author(s):

Yakov Lazarev ◽

Marina Nakishova

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Russian Empire ◽

National Narrative ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Local Elites ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The Relationship

The reviewed book of the famous Russian historian B. N. Mironov focuses on the problems of ethno-confessional policy in Russia of the 18th to early 20th centuries. The primary aim of the monograph is to analyze the influence and role of geographical factors on the history of Russia as a whole, as well as to reconstruct and evaluate the principles and methods of ethno-confessional policy aimed at the inclusion and integration of ethnic diversity in the general imperial space. The review highlights the issue of the impossibility of reconstructing the Russian policy on ethnic diversity through the prism of statistics of the late 19th century, and the relationship between the abstract “state” and abstract “local elites”. The example of the policy towards Ukrainian territories shows the controversial conceptual constructions of Mironov, which reproduced the discussion provisions of the Ukrainian national narrative.

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Mykhailo Bernov as a Pioneer of Hiking Tourism: Travel through Spain and Algeria (Part I. Spain. November 1893 — February 1894)

Kyiv Historical Studies ◽

10.28925/2524-0757.2021.28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 58-66

Author(s):

Vitaliy Andryeyev ◽

Svitlana Andryeyeva ◽

Oleksandr Kariaka

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Common People ◽

Nature Religion ◽

History Of ◽

General Training ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Local Traditions

This article considers the formation of hiking in the Russian Empire and Europe in the late 19th century. Its socio-cultural context is also defined. Particular attention is paid to the person of Mykhailo Bernov as one of the founders of hiking in the Russian Empire and Europe and his multifaceted activities in the development of communication between peoples, social actualization of knowledge about the world. Biography, information about popularization activity and publishing activity of Mykhailo Bernov are also given.In the first part of this study, the route of Mykhailo Bernov’s journey from France to Spain, and then through Spain, Algeria and the Sahara in 1892–1893, was reconstructed on the basis of his “travel notes” “Spain, Algeria and the Sahara” (St. Petersburg, 1899) and periodical data.Mykhailo Bernov left detailed descriptions of nature, countryside and major cities of Spain, monuments of history, culture and art, accompanied by historical excursions, interpretation of their own names. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of Spanish opera and theatrical life.It is concluded that sincere interest and respect for local traditions, thorough general training allowed Mykhailo Bernov to create in his notes a broad and colourful canvas of life of the country and people of Spain in the late 19th century, to capture the features of national culture and character. Bernov’s “travel notes” are based on direct communication with the Spanish common people, representatives of the elite and the administration, acquaintance with folk culture, examples of high art and literature. In his notes he makes comparisons of Spanish people with other nations. Bernov tried to understand Spain and its people, sought common socio-cultural features and values, and explained the features of “otherness” by nature, religion, state foundations, the course of history, and so on.Mykhailo Bernov’s notes on his travels in Spain as a source, in our opinion, contain a lot of useful and interesting information for researchers on the history of hiking, monuments, archaeology, ethnography, etc.

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FROM THE HISTORY OF UZBEKS IN TURKMENISTAN(FROM THE LATE 19th CENTURY TO THE 1990s)

Journal of look to the past ◽

10.26739/2181-9599-2021-6-14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Akmal B. Yuldashev ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

19Th Century ◽

Census Data ◽

Daily Life ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Population Census ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Xix Century

This article provides an overview of the number, history of distribution and occupation of the Uzbeks who lived in Turkmenistan from the 90s of the XIX century to the 90s of the XX century, through analysis of literature and sources. During the Russian Empire, in 1897, during the population census and in Soviet times, census data from 1926 to1989, reports, archival sources and historical literature, through a comparative analysis, the number of Uzbeks in Turkmenistan, the dynamics of their reproduction, distribution areas were studied Uzbek population. The article also provides detailed information on the daily life of Uzbeks in Turkmenistan and their activities

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Legal regulation of the supply of medicines to the army and the public in the Russian Empire in the fi rst half of the 19th century

Istoriya meditsiny ◽

10.17720/2409-5583.t7.1.2021.02b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Elena Vishlenkova ◽

◽

Anton Sharykin ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Russian Empire ◽

The Public ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The 19Th Century

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LITERACY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY: THE STRIKING CASE OF THE BALTIC PROVINCES

Acta Historica Tallinnensia ◽

10.3176/hist.2017.1.06 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

T U RAUN

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The Baltic

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Organizational and Legal Transformations in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries

Actual Problems of Russian Law ◽

10.17803/1994-1471.2018.92.7.011-017 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

M. B. Kolotkov

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Legal System ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Russian Government ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Subjective Approach ◽

Internal Affairs ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Personal Interests

The article scrutinises organizational and legal changes that took place in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. During that period, the Russian Government continued the course aimed at consistent reforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in general and the system of political investigation in particular. Special attention is paid to the process of redistribution of powers among chief executeves of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Also, attention is drawn to the implementation of the problem of determining the term for the regulatory acts expiration and, as a consequence, the loss of their legal force. The article concludes that the absence of a systematic and uniform approach to determining the limits of temporal scope of regulatory acts is one of the problems of the Russian legal system of the late 19th century. It is established that the main reason for the constant redistribution of functions between the Minister of Internal Affairs and his peers was a subjective approach of certain individuals who, in different periods, held the post of minister. Categories of feasibility and normative guidelines were gradually distorted, and individual personal interests came to fore, which certainly did not facilitate the improvement of the quality of the work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

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Power and society in the second quarter of the 19th century: Specific features of interaction

Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history(rus ) ◽

10.23859/2587-8344-2021-5-3-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 656-689

Author(s):

Anatolii I. Narezhnyi ◽

Oksana O. Zav'yalova

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Political Process ◽

National Policy ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Russian Society ◽

Traditional Practice ◽

Gradual Improvement ◽

The Public ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The 19Th Century

Based on the communicative approach developed by Jürgen Habermas, the article focuses on the main forms of interaction between power and society in the second quarter of the 19th century and investigates their features and inclusion in the space of the public sphere of the Russian Empire. The authors have made an attempt to clarify the point of view presented in historiography according to which the course of the Nicholaevan government towards “gradual improvement” of state life marked the refusal to cooperate with educated society, which in its turn had led to the mutual alienation between power and society by the end of the reign of Nicholas I. This view does not sufficiently consider the socio-cultural condition and the level of ambitions of the representatives of Russian society who began to see themselves as an active subject of the socio-political process in the period under research. Despite the desire of the Russian authorities to control the “work of thought” during the reign of Nicholas I, the main forms of interaction between the authorities and the public were outlined. By means of them, members of the public were able to convey to the authorities their vision of ways to solve pressing socio-political problems. Among these forms of interaction were literary circles and salons as well as the traditional practice of personal messages and letters addressed to the sovereign. In the 1840s, correspondents became more active in assessing government policy on the western outskirts of the Russian Empire. Government officials, writers and publicists sent their proposals for adjusting the national policy, and representatives of the authorities including Nicholas I himself responded to them, thus encouraging the public to intensify their activities. These proposals are assessed by the authors as a significant factor in the preparation of the course towards the Russification of national outskirts in the second half of the 19th century. The conclusion is substantiated that the views and proposals emanating from the representatives of the public outlined the contours of a possible model of interaction between power and society under the conditions of autocratic government.

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