scholarly journals Water/Heavy Fuel Oil Emulsion Production, Characterization and Combustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-605
Author(s):  
Moalla Alaa ◽  
Soulayman Soulayman ◽  
Taan Abdelkarim ◽  
Zgheib Walid
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Water Contents

In order to produce a water/heavy fuel oil emulsion (W/HFO) with different water contents to cover the daily needs of a fire tube boiler or a water tube boiler, a special homogenizer is designed, constructed and tested. The produced emulsion is characterized and compared with the pure HFO properties. It is found experimentally in fire tube boiler that, the use of W/HFO emulsion with 8% of water content (W0.08/HFO0.92) instead of HFO leads to a saving rate of 13.56% in HFO. For explaining the obtained energy saving the term “equivalent heat value (EHV) of the W/HFO emulsions”, defined as the ratio of the W/HFO emulsion net calorific value to the HFO content in the emulsion, is used. Based on direct measurements, provided in this work, it was found that the equivalent heat value (EHV) increases with the water content in the water/heavy fuel oil (W/HFO). It reaches 1.06 times of HFO net calorific value at water content of 22.24%. The obtained, in the present work, experimental results demonstrate the dependence of the emulsion EHV on its water content. These results are in agreement with the results of other authors. Therefore, the contribution of water droplets in the emulsion combustion is verified. It is found experimentally that, the emitted CO, SO2  and H2S gases from the fire tube boiler chimney decreases by 5.66%. 3.99% and 48.77% respectively in the case of (W0.08/HFO0.92) emulsion use instead of HFO.

The Atomizing Experimental Study of the Refined Oil-Water Coal Slurry on the Diesel Engine of the Large-Scale Ship

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1822-1825
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Wei ◽  
Hong Xing Zhang ◽  
Lan Zhu Ren ◽  
Yang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Almost All

At present almost all low-speed diesel engines burn heavy fuel oil or low-quality fuel oil, the viscosity, low calorific value and impurities are similar as oil-water coal slurry, so, oil-water coal slurry is possible as the fuel of large marine diesel. This article has carried on the description about atomized characteristic of oil-water slurry, and it’s atomizing performance and analysis to the nozzle of type ZCK154S432 and type ZCK154S423 is studied experimentally from different spurting pressure, the different spray nozzle type as well as the different density of refined oil-water slurry, obtained the main factors of affect oil-water slurry’s atomization, illustrated the importance of developing coal instead of oil.

The Running Comparative Analysis of the LNG Bus and the Fuel Oil Automobile in Plateau Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 2168-2171
Author(s):  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Yao Ping Li ◽  
Feng Shou Sun ◽  
Long Feng ◽  
Hang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Costs

Liquid Natural Gas liquefaction can greatly save storage space and cost, and has the calorific value big performance higher characteristic. Through the test, 1 # LNG test bus and 2 # diesel test bus, 3 # gasoline test bus operation compared fuel costs saving rate were 20.86%, 21.63%; CO, HC emissions decreased obviously. However, the main problem of LNG bus is power ratio decreased significantly and lack of power during climbing acceleration.

Water Fraction Measurement in Marine Fuel Emulsions

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
G H Smith ◽  
E H Owens ◽  
I Reading
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The proposal, from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), to limit further the emissions from marine diesel engines came into effect in May 2005. This has considerable consequence for the management and operation of ship diesel plant. One method that has been shown to limit the emissions of NOx is the addition of quantities of water as an emulsion into the heavy fuel oil (HFO) before it is injected into the burners. This reduces the peak combustion temperature, improves atomization of the diesel fuel, and can reduce emissions by as much as 30 per cent. A key component for an efficient and cost-effective system is a method to monitor the water content to an accuracy sufficient to allow the mix to be adjusted to meet the needs of the varying engine loads. This paper briefly presents the environmental, legislative, and technical background. The principle aim is, however, to describe the experimental work examining the application of an in-line optical sensor. Laboratory tests on HFO, having a room temperature viscosity of 180 cSt, were undertaken at two nominal temperatures, 80 and 130°. These tests provide empirical evidence that an in-line optical monitor could determine water fraction within the emulsion to the accuracy requirement (better than 3 per cent) and over the operational water content range (15-33 per cent water to oil). A hypothesis is presented to explain the changes in the optical scattering characteristics of the oil/water emulsion with water content. Additional results are presented that demonstrate the use of two commercial viscometers to quantify the oil/water fraction. It was concluded that the measurement of emulsion viscosity can be related to water fraction but that the current instruments do not have the required resolution and have serious limitations due to their temperature sensitivity. A key requirement for further work is that the scattering properties of the emulsion be investigated in greater detail. In particular a test must be undertaken at temperatures in the region of 170°. Also, the instrument must be developed to cope with the wide variety of diesel fuels that a ship may take on at bunkering facilities around the world.

scholarly journals A simple model for breakup time prediction of water-heavy fuel oil emulsion droplets

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 120581
Author(s):  
Stavros Fostiropoulos ◽  
George Strotos ◽  
Nikolaos Nikolopoulos ◽  
Manolis Gavaises
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Breakup Time

scholarly journals Water-In-Oil Emulsion as Boiler Fuel for Reduced NOx Emissions and Improved Energy Saving

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Yao Hsuan ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou ◽  
Yun-Li Wang ◽  
Ta-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Low Sulfur

An experimental system for observing the drop vaporization and microexplosion characteristics of emulsified droplets in high-temperature environments was conducted to analyze the effects of environmental temperature, droplet size, and water content on droplet behavior. In addition, emulsified low-sulfur heavy fuel oil (HFO) with a 20 vol% water content and pure low-sulfur HFO were used as fuels for burning in an industrial boiler under normal operating conditions. The results showed that by using an emulsified HFO with a 20 vol% water content, the boiler efficiency can be improved by 2%, and that a reduction of 35 ppm in NOx emissions (corresponding to a NOx reduction rate of 18%) can be achieved. These advantages are due to the occurrence of a microexplosion during the combustion of the emulsified droplets. It was observed that when emulsified HFO with a 20 vol% water content was used, the fuel (HFO) consumption rate was 252 l/h. On the other hand, the fuel consumption rate was 271 l/h when pure low-sulfur HFO was used. Therefore, a reduction of 19 l/h in the fuel (HFO) consumption rate was achieved when using the water-in-oil emulsion, corresponding to fuel savings of 7%.

Research on Viscosity of Watered Fuel Oil Prepared by Mechanical Agitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Yi Min Zhu ◽  
Tie Li ◽  
Hong Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Water Contents

Viscosity of Watered fuel oil, which was prepared by a self-made mechanical micro-mixing device, was measured with rotation viscosimeter. The effects of oil temperature, agitation speed and water content on viscosity were investigated in this research. The experimental results showed that: viscosity of watered fuel oil decreases with the increasing of oil temperature between 60-80 °C and water contents in 2.0-8.0 %, but increases with the accelerating agitation speed at 1000-1300 r/min.

scholarly journals Experiments and model on viscosity characteristic of emulsion of heavy fuel oil and water for fluidity improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Fujita ◽  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Masao Ono ◽  
Hideyuki Shirota
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

The background of this study is to develop a method to improve the fluidity of high viscosity oil left in sunken ships. We focused on emulsification to control the rheological properties of the oil. As a first step towards the goal, experiments and modeling were conducted to understand the viscosity properties of oil-water emulsions. In the experiments, oil-water emulsions were prepared using several surfactants to measure viscosity properties. The results showed a continuous change in viscosity with increasing water content as well as a discontinuous change in viscosity due to phase inversion that occurs at a certain water content. In the theoretical modelling, a new layer-stacking model was developed and applied to the experimental results. This model, though extremely simplifying the structure of the emulsion, was found to be able to well explain the continuous and discontinuous viscosity characteristics of the emulsion.

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