The Running Comparative Analysis of the LNG Bus and the Fuel Oil Automobile in Plateau Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 2168-2171
Author(s):  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Yao Ping Li ◽  
Feng Shou Sun ◽  
Long Feng ◽  
Hang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Costs

Liquid Natural Gas liquefaction can greatly save storage space and cost, and has the calorific value big performance higher characteristic. Through the test, 1 # LNG test bus and 2 # diesel test bus, 3 # gasoline test bus operation compared fuel costs saving rate were 20.86%, 21.63%; CO, HC emissions decreased obviously. However, the main problem of LNG bus is power ratio decreased significantly and lack of power during climbing acceleration.

scholarly journals Water/Heavy Fuel Oil Emulsion Production, Characterization and Combustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-605
Author(s):  
Moalla Alaa ◽  
Soulayman Soulayman ◽  
Taan Abdelkarim ◽  
Zgheib Walid
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Water Contents

In order to produce a water/heavy fuel oil emulsion (W/HFO) with different water contents to cover the daily needs of a fire tube boiler or a water tube boiler, a special homogenizer is designed, constructed and tested. The produced emulsion is characterized and compared with the pure HFO properties. It is found experimentally in fire tube boiler that, the use of W/HFO emulsion with 8% of water content (W0.08/HFO0.92) instead of HFO leads to a saving rate of 13.56% in HFO. For explaining the obtained energy saving the term “equivalent heat value (EHV) of the W/HFO emulsions”, defined as the ratio of the W/HFO emulsion net calorific value to the HFO content in the emulsion, is used. Based on direct measurements, provided in this work, it was found that the equivalent heat value (EHV) increases with the water content in the water/heavy fuel oil (W/HFO). It reaches 1.06 times of HFO net calorific value at water content of 22.24%. The obtained, in the present work, experimental results demonstrate the dependence of the emulsion EHV on its water content. These results are in agreement with the results of other authors. Therefore, the contribution of water droplets in the emulsion combustion is verified. It is found experimentally that, the emitted CO, SO2  and H2S gases from the fire tube boiler chimney decreases by 5.66%. 3.99% and 48.77% respectively in the case of (W0.08/HFO0.92) emulsion use instead of HFO.

Research on Application of Waste Plastic Disposal of Marine Diesel Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
Wei Hai-jun ◽  
Wang Guo-you ◽  
Wang Xiao-rui
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Research On Application

The purpose of this paper is to study the applicability of thermal processed fuel oil (hereafter called waste plastic disposal, or WPD) of diesel engines using low-quality fuel oil. In the experiment, stability of engine operation and components of exhaust gas, such as NOx and COx, were inspected from basic and applicable points of view. This paper illustrates a new test and result of WPD oil applied to marine diesel engines. In recent years, efforts have to be made to develop an advanced technique for recycling waste plastics in order to use scrapped plastics as fuel for diesel engines. It is very important and necessary for us to cope with the increasing calorific value and to satisfy the growing need of environment protection. The experimental fuel oil is obtained by a mixing of diesel oil, WPD, and water.

scholarly journals Multiparameter Sensor Array for Gas Composition Monitoring

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Arjen Boersma ◽  
Jörgen Sweelssen ◽  
Huib Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Number ◽  
Composition Monitoring

In the energy transition from fossil to renewable resources, gas is foreseen to play an important role. However, the composition of the gas is expected to change due to a wider variation of sources. In order to mitigate potential challenges for distributors and end-users, a new low-cost gas composition sensor was developed that will be able to monitor the composition and energy content of these gas sources, ranging from biogas to liquid natural gas (LNG). Together with industrial and academic partners a gas sensor was realized that can be inserted in an existing gas grid. A first demonstrator was realized that was small enough to be used in low and medium pressure gas pipes (100 mbarg—8 barg). Adding the pressure and temperature data to the chip readings enables to determine the concentrations of methane, ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, including small fluctuations in water vapor pressure and subsequently calculate the Calorific Value, Wobbe Index and Methane Number.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Laboratory and Road Test of Common Rail Injection Vehicles Fueled with B20 Biodiesel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6118
Author(s):  
Iman K. Reksowardojo ◽  
Hari Setiapraja ◽  
Rizqon Fajar ◽  
Edi Wibowo ◽  
Dadan Kusdiana
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Common Rail Injection ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Engine Components

In this study, biodiesel fuel with a ratio of 20% volume (B20) was used on vehicles that are used in common rail injection systems, complying with Euro2 emission regulations. Laboratory and road tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of B20 on performance, emissions and engine components. Using diesel fuel and B20 as reference fuels, tests were conducted using Euro2 vehicle technology to investigate the effects on emissions, fuel consumption, and power. Durability testing was run for travel distances covering 40,000 km under various road and environmental conditions, while vehicle performance and emissions tests were conducted using the ECE R84-03 and ECE R101 test methods, respectively. The results show that B20 has lower CO and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions for every distance travelled, with an average of around 30%. Particulate emission was a bit lower, averaging 3.4% for B20 compared to B0, while NOx was found to slightly increase at around 2% for B20. Due to its lower calorific value, for an average distance traveled, the fuel economy of B20 was around 0.5% higher compared to B0. Furthermore, the maximum power of B20 was 3% lower compared to that of B0 for the entire distance traveled. However, an evaluation of engine components after 40,000 km showed that B20 and B0 were similar. Moreover, vehicles using B20 tend to have a comparable durability of engine components when compared with B0.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENT СО & СО2 EMISSIONS PROPOSED REDUCING MEASURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
A.G. Taranin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Gas Atmosphere

The Diesel Engines (ICE) exhaust gas atmosphere noxious emissions reducing measures were introduced by the different editions and engine manufacturer publications already 25 years ago. Many of that have used up to present depend of its installation, usage and maintenance costs. For the mentioned above 25 years of emissions decreasing ways practical using on the vessels has identified it further usage consistency and profitability (efficiency). The atmosphere SОХ noxious emissions proposed decreasing way is directly connected with using fuel oil, i.e. at the fuel oil sulphur content decreasing the SОХ emission has decreasing too, that is task not for ship owners, but for petroleum-refining manufactures and bunkering companies. СО and СО2 emissions decreasing is a corner task, as a fuel oil quality and lower calorific value are identified by the carbon & hydrogen content. Thus the fuel oil carbon and hydrogen content decreasing will bring to the decreasing of a quality and lower calorific value. Therefore all of this 25 years for the vessels diesel engines (ICE) exhaust gases СО & СО2 emissions decreasing the energy efficiency task is stated. Our proposed way can allow to resolve the СО & СО2 emissions decreasing task for the engines operation parts of loads and nominal loads.

scholarly journals Produksi Bahan Bakar Minyak dari Pirolisis Pelet Hydropulper Reject Industri Kertas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Syamsudin Syamsudin ◽  
Reza Bastari Imran Wattimena ◽  
Ibrahim Syaharuddin ◽  
Andri Taufick Rizaluddin ◽  
Reza Bastari Imran Wattimena
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fuel

Konsumsi kertas bekas di industri kertas Indonesia mencapai 6.598.464 ton/tahun dan menghasilkan hydropulper reject sebesar 5-10% dari kertas bekas yang digunakan. Penelitian pirolisis hydropulper reject dari industri kertas untuk produksi bio-oil telah dilakukan. Tipikal limbah hydropulper reject terdiri dari 20% serat dan 80% plastik (High Density Polyethylene, HDPE >90%). Bahan padat tersebut berpotensi dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar minyak melalui proses pirolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pirolisis pelet hydropulper reject untuk produksi bio-oil sebagai bahan bakar minyak. Setelah dipisahkan dari logam, hydropulper reject dikeringkan, dicacah, dan dibentuk menjadi pelet berdiameter 10 mm dan panjang 20-30 mm. Nilai kalor pelet hydropulper reject mencapai 29,30 MJ/kg (dried based, db) dengan kadar zat terbang 84,84% (db). Pelet hydropulper reject dipirolisis dengan reaktor kombinasi pembakaran-pirolisis. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa bio-oil mampu bakar sebanyak ±40% bahan baku dengan nilai kalor 77,79 MJ/kg. Perkiraan listrik yang dapat dihasilkan dari pemanfaatan syngas sebesar 1,08 kWh/kg hydropulper reject.Kata kunci: hydropulper reject, pirolisis, bio-oil, syngas, listrikProduction of Oil Fuel From Pyrolysis of Hydropulper Reject Pellet from Paper IndustryAbstract Waste paper consumption in Indonesian paper industries reached 6,598,464 tons/year and produced hydropulper reject about 5-10% of waste paper. Pyrolysis of hydropulper reject from the paper industry for bio-oil production has been investigated. Hydropulper reject consists of 20% fiber and 80% plastic (High Density Polyethylene, HDPE>90%). This solid material has potential to be converted into oil fuel through pyrolysis. This study aims to investigate the pyrolysis of hydropulper reject pellets for bio-oil as fuel oil production. After being separated from the metals, hydropulper reject was dried, shredded, and shaped into pellets with 10 mm diameter and 20-30 mm length. The pellets had calorific value of 29.30 MJ/kg (dried based, db) with volatile matter 84.84% (db). The pellets were pyrolized with a combustion-pyrolysis combination reactor. The product was combustible bio-oil as much as ±40% of feedstock and had calorific value of 77.79 MJ/kg. Estimated electricity generated from syngas utilization about 1.08 kWh/kg.  Keywords: hydropulper reject, pyrolysis, bio-oil, syngas, electricity 

scholarly journals An investigation on the performance and emission studies on diesel engine by addition of nanoparticles and antioxidants as additives in biodiesel blends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddavatam Naresh Kumar Reddy ◽  
Mohmad Marouf Wani
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

AbstractThe study aims to examine the effects of palm biodiesel blended with additives in the compression ignition (CI) engine. Biodiesel as fuel was limited by challenges such as lower calorific value (CV) and higher viscosity while increasing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Nanoparticles and antioxidant additives added to biodiesel play an essential role in avoiding the hindrances of biodiesel. The antioxidants combined with biodiesel reduced NOx emissions by eliminating decomposing peroxides, free radicals, and preventing free radicals' chain reaction. The Significant characteristics of nanoparticles are high CV, high thermal conductivity, and higher surface to volume ratio. These characteristics are used to improve the CI engine's performance and emissions by using nanoparticles blended with biodiesel. Five different test blends of Diesel, B20, B20TO, B20AO, and B20AOTO were prepared. The result showed high brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and decreased BSFC, exhaust gas temperature (EGT), hydrocarbons (HC), NOx, and HC emissions by using the B20AOTO fuel blend contrasted with other biodiesel blends.

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