scholarly journals Esterification of Bio-Oil Produced from Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) Wood Using Indonesian Natural Zeolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-754
Author(s):  
Sri Kadarwati ◽  
Evalisa Apriliani ◽  
Riska Nurfirda Annisa ◽  
Jumaeri Jumaeri ◽  
Edy Cahyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Total Acid Number

The bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of woody biomass typically shows unfavourable characteristics such as high acidity, hence it becomes highly corrosive. An upgrading process, e.g., esterification, is necessary to improve the bio-oil quality prior to its use as a transportation fuel. In this work, the bio-oil was produced through a fast pyrolysis of Sengon wood in a fixed-bed pyrolyser at various temperatures. The characteristics (density, viscosity, total acid number, relative concentration of acetic acid, etc.) of the bio-oil were evaluated. The bio-oil with the highest acidity underwent an esterification catalysed by Indonesian natural zeolites at 70 oC for 0-180 min with a ratio of bio-oil to methanol of 1:3. The catalytic performance of the Indonesian natural zeolites during the esterification was investigated. A significant decrease in the total acid number in the bio-oil was observed, indicating the zeolite catalyst’s good performance. No significant coke formation (0.002-3.704 wt.%) was obtained during the esterification. An interesting phenomenon was observed; a significant decrease in the total acid number was found in the heating up of the bio-oil in the presence of the catalyst but in the absence of methanol. Possibly, other reactions catalysed by the Brønsted and Lewis acids at the zeolite catalyst surface also occurred during the esterification.

scholarly journals Contribution of acidic components to the total acid number (TAN) of bio-oil

Fuel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia K-E. Park ◽  
Jiaojun Liu ◽  
Sotira Yiacoumi ◽  
Abhijeet P. Borole ◽  
Costas Tsouris
Keyword(s):  
Acid Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Acidic Components

scholarly journals Catalytic hydrotreating of bio-oil and evaluation of main noxious emissions of gaseous phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Doukeh ◽  
Dorin Bombos ◽  
Mihaela Bombos ◽  
Elena-Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Gheorghe Dumitrascu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bio Oil

AbstractBio-oil produced from biomass pyrolysis has the potential to become an alternative renewable fuel. However due to the high content of oxygenated compounds is unsuitable as transportation fuel. The objective of this work is to evaluate the catalytic activity of CoMo /γ-Al2O3-HMS in the hydrotreating process of biomass pyrolysis bio-oil. The prepared catalyst was characterized by different techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) analysis. The experiments were carried out in a flow fixed-bed reactor at the temperature range of 250–320 °C, pressure between 20–40 bar, and LHSV of 3 h-1. The results showed that at mild conditions of 320 °C and 40 bar, the catalyst is very active in the hydrotreating process leading to a decrease of total acid number of hydrotreated bio-oil with almost 89% and bio-oil conversion of 87.23%. In addition, in order to evaluate the harmful emissions resulted from combustion of gaseous phase obtained in the hydrotreating process a chemical modelling algorithm was developed.

Enhancing Rheological Properties and Reduction of Total Acid Number of a Heavy Crude Oil Using Ethanol and Trona

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Almadhaji ◽  
Mohammed Saeed ◽  
Hitham Ibrahim ◽  
Anas Ahmed ◽  
Ragaei Maher
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Heavy Crude

Abstract One of Sudanese fields has a heavy crude oil which has a high Total Acid Number (TAN) and high viscosity, can cause a lot of problems in production operation, transport, and storage facilities. The effect of ethanol dilution on the rheological properties of crude (especially the kinematic viscosity) was studied and presented. Moreover, the consequence of blending Trona (NaHCO3.Na2CO3) with a specified amount of Ethanol in the crude can reduce (TAN) to acceptable limits for solving corrosion and flowability problems. The approach is based on the experiments and laboratory works on the crude's samples after blending with a certain amount of Trona and Ethanol. It depends on the results of apparatuses, that are used to measure the samples, for instance, Calibrated glass capillary viscometer and ASTM D664 titration volume Total Acid Number tester which are employed to get the values of kinematic viscosity and TAN, respectively. The tests are established with crude have kinematic viscosity (187 cst) at temperature 75°C and TAN almost (8.51). While increasing the dosage of Trona at the ambient temperature (38°C) with the certain mass percentage of Ethanol (5%), TAN is decreased from (8.51 to 4.00 mgKOH/g). Also, the kinematic viscosity is declined from (187 cst to 96.75 cst) after increasing the volume of Ethanol at 75°C. These outcomes indicated that Ethanol could reduce Sudanese heavy crude's viscosity, and the Trona could decrease the TAN. This reduction occurred due to Ethanol dilution. The Ethanol molecules disturb the molecular structure of the crude, which forms polar bond within the hydrocarbon chain that leads to lower the friction between molecules of hydrocarbon in the crude. Also, Trona shrinks TAN because the Hydroxide ions (OH+) that founded in Trona neutralize the Hydrogen ions (H−) in Naphthenic acid in Sudanese heavy crude. This study can be summarized in the ability to solve the difficulty of transporting and processing the heavy crude oil in refineries; maintains the quality of the crude while utilizing it with friendly environmental materials and low cost.

scholarly journals Rapid Determination of Water, Total Acid Number, and Phenolic Content in Bio-Crude from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass using FT-IR

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 7660-7669 ◽  
Author(s):  
René B. Madsen ◽  
Konstantinos Anastasakis ◽  
Patrick Biller ◽  
Marianne Glasius
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Ft Ir

Effects of calcium, magnesium, and strontium chlorides in determining the total acid number using potentiometric titration

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122522
Author(s):  
Hayane A. Fernandes ◽  
Luana N. Zanelato ◽  
Paulo A.P. Decote ◽  
Hélisson N. Santos ◽  
Caroline M. Senger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of the Total Acid Number, S, Cl, and H2O on the Corrosion of AISI 1020 in Acidic Environments

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 20311-20320
Author(s):  
Shuoxun Shen ◽  
Zhirong Wang ◽  
Juncheng Jiang ◽  
Xingyan Cao ◽  
Peipei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Acidic Environments

scholarly journals Changes in Lubricant Properties of Used Synthetic Oils Based on the Total Acid Number

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Wolak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Total Acid Number

This article describes the processes of degradation of five engine oils belonging to the same SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) viscosity class but launched by different manufacturers. The direction and intensity of changes in the total acid number have been analyzed. As part of the experiment, the changes in engine oils occurring during operation have been examined. The operating conditions throughout the test can be described as “severe,” that is, frequent starting of the engine, short distance driving, and extended engine idling. All engine oils were operated in passenger cars of a uniform fleet of 25 vehicles. The total acid number was determined in accordance with the ASTM D664. The obtained results have led to the development of a statistical model enabling to calculate average predictive values of the total acid number for a given mileage. The results may facilitate decision-making regarding the service life of engine oils.

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