scholarly journals Strategi Dagang Dan Permasalahan Toko Jepang Di Hindia Belanda Sebelum Perang Dunia II

IZUMI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Stedi Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Netherlands Indies ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Small Shop

(Title: Strategy Of Commerce And Issues Of Japan Shop In The Netherlands Indies Before World War II) The early of 20th century was a turning point of Japanese economic activities in Dutch East Indies, along with increasing number of Japanese population, especially in Java. In that era, Japanese trading activities that dominated by Japanese goods pitchman like textiles, drugs, soap and the other daily necessary untill suburb of Java, changed into permanent economic activities in the form of a small shop that popular among Javanese society in that era as Toko Jepang or Japanese Store.            In the end of 1910 untill early 1940s, Japanese store’s activities were growing and increasing to become an icon in the economic relation between Japan and Dutch East Indies. During that period, there was increase and decrease in Japanese store’s activities, but at the world economic crisis in 1920s, Japanese Market was able to survive, even Japanese products from Japanese Store was better than Chinese and European products. Japanese store, that popular among indigenous was known for it’s good service, cheap price and good quality products.            This research is trying to find how Japanese store can build it’s connection and the factors that supporting and obstacling Japanese store’s growth in that era. In this research, besides the diaries of Japanese immigrants such as Jagatara Kanwa and Nanyou no Seikatsu Kiroku, Japanese newspaper of Touindo Nippou was used as main sources. Content analysis was applied as a method to determine the contents in those sources which were relevant to the topic of this research. It can be concluded that the success keys of Japanese store was marketing strategies that supported by a strong trade connection, beside another factors like the success of observing people’s needs and product marketing strategy. 

Oil Campaigns

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-143
Author(s):  
Emily Meierding
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Dutch East Indies

This chapter examines two prominent oil campaigns: Japan's invasion of the Dutch East Indies and northern Borneo from 1941 to 1942 and Germany's aggression against the Soviet Union in World War II from 1941 to 1942. It explains how oil ambitions drove both Japanese and German attacks as they were desperate to acquire additional petroleum resources. It also points out that Japan and Germany's willingness to fight for oil was endogenous to their ongoing conflicts, namely the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945 and World War II in Europe from 1939 to 1945. The chapter analyzes how the Second Sino-Japanese and World War II in Europe were not themselves caused by petroleum ambitions. It also discusses how Japan and Germany delayed their oil campaigns for as long as possible, only resorting to international aggression after alternative means of satisfying national petroleum needs had failed.

Abdul Rahman Baswedan and the Emancipation of the Hadramis in Indonesia

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Constant State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies

AbstractThe journalist and politician Abdul Rahman Baswedan has played a prominent role in the emancipation of the Indonesian Hadhramis and in the integration of the Hadhrami minority into the wider Indonesian society. During the early decades of the twentieth century, the comparatively small, and for outsiders relatively closed, community was in a constant state of dissension and confusion. It was divided by tensions that can be reduced to differences between the Hadhrami culture and the Indonesian cultures, and between loyalty to Hadhramaut, the region of their origin, and the country in which they were looking for a livelihood. It was only in the years leading up to World War II that the idea of being an Indonesian gained significance in these circles, not least of all thanks to Baswedan's efforts in this respect. This article examines Baswedan's childhood and school years in an Arab quarter, his journalistic training and political maturation, and his gradual realization that he belonged to a community that had no perception of its future identity. His "coming out" as an Indonesian; and his activities during the nationalist period, the Japanese occupation, and the years after independence in striving to break down the relative isolation of his Hadhrami compatriots will also be analyzed. Baswedan's life and career form a unique entry in the history of the problems that the Hadhrami community has experienced, both in the Dutch East Indies and in Indonesia.

The significance of experiences of war and migration in older age: long-term consequences in child survivors from the Dutch East Indies

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy T. M. Mooren ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
World War ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
And Migration

ABSTRACTBackground:This study examines late consequences of war and migration in both non-clinical and clinical samples of child survivors of World War II. This is one of the very few studies on the mental health of children who were subjected to internment in camps, hiding, and violence under Japanese occupation in the Far East. It provides a unique case to learn about the significance of experiences of war and migration in later life.Methods:Long-term sequelae of the Japanese persecution in the Dutch East Indies (DEI) in child survivors were studied by analyzing sets of standardized questionnaires of 939 persons. Instruments dealt with post-traumatic responses, general health, and dissociation. Participants were recruited through community services and registers of clinical services. Discriminant analyses were conducted to evaluate the significance of early experiences in determining group belonging.Results:Compared with age-matched controls that lived through the German occupation in the Netherlands during World War II, the child survivors from the DEI reported both more trauma-related experiences and mental health disturbances in later life. In particular, the number of violent events during the war, among which especially internment in a camp, contributed to the variation among groups, in support of the significance of these disruptive experiences at older age.Conclusion:The results underline the long-term significance of World War II-related traumatic experiences in the population of elderly child survivors who spent their childhood in the former DEI.

Untranslatable Subalternity and Historicizing Empire’s Enjoyment in Luís Cardoso’s Requiem para o Navegador Solitário

2018 ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Teenage Girl ◽  
World War ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies

This chapter follows up on Sylvan’s expository indictment of Empire’s monologicism with an exploration of contemporary East Timorese writer Luís Cardoso’s contributions to decolonial tropes of movement and the making of meaning. Following a brief overview of Cardoso’s larger oeuvre, the chapter examines his 2007 novel, Requiem para o Navegador Solitário [Requiem for the Solitary Sailor], particularly the actions and experiences of its narrator, known only as Catarina. As a teenage girl, born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, to a Chinese father and Batavian mother, her arranged marriage to a Portuguese port administrator of Dili leads her to move to the then colonial capital of Portuguese Timor. Taking place between the mid-1930s up to the Japanese invasion of the island of Timor during World War II in 1941, Catarina is ensnared by imperial actions both local and global.

A Mediterranean insular port-city in transition: economic transformations, spatial antagonism and the metamorphosis of landscape in nineteenth-century Hermoupolis on the island of Syros

Urban History ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
APOSTOLOS DELIS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Port City ◽  
World War ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Economic Landscape

ABSTRACT:Port-cities provide excellent examples of the socio-economic transformations that occurred during the transition from merchant to industrial capitalism in the second half of the nineteenth century. Hermoupolis on the island of Syros was a major economic centre in Greece and a hub of international trade during the nineteenth century. However, economic transformations that commenced in the 1860s affected long-established port-based activities such as wooden shipbuilding and its related industries due to the decline of sailing ships and the expansion of factories. This factor led to an increase in tension and antagonism between manufacturers and shipbuilders over the use of land and altered the physical and the socio-economic landscape of the port-city. However, new types of economic activities flourished, like the tramp steamship business and factories, which enabled Hermoupolis to maintain its economic importance until World War II.

scholarly journals Volksraad (People Council): Radicale Concentratie Political Arena and National Fraction, 1918-1942

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Nazirwan Rohmadi ◽  
Warto Warto
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Second World ◽  
Legislative Institutions

This paper discusses the legislative institutions callled Volksraad established by the Dutch East Indies, which further used by the nationalist-moderate to achieve the national  independence of Indonesia. Historical method was used in this research. The historical method is distinguished into several stages, namely heuristic, critic, analysis, and historiography. Indonesia’s political figures established Radicale Concentratie to unite in order to achieve independence. Radicale Concentratie put a great pressure on the Dutch East Indies government. Radicale Concentratie no longer operated because of some conflicts that occurred among its members and the arrests done by the Dutch East Indies government. Radicale Concentratie’s struggle was continued by National Fraction which was established on 27 January 1930. The proposition of National Fraction that was fulfilled was the change in the nomenclatur of Indlander to Indonesisch. National Fraction often turned down the budget plan proposed by the Governor-General in preparing for the Second World War. This is because the Dutch East Indies fleet was funded by Indonesian taxes and the taxes were planned to be increased in order to win the war.

Intertwined Itineraries: Debt, Decolonization, and International Law in Post-World War II South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Kalyani Ramnath
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
South Asian ◽  
World War Two ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
State Practice

This Article brings a Tamil-speaking Chettiar widow and a Dutch scholar of international law - two seemingly disparate characters - together through a footnote. Set against the background of decolonizing South and Southeast Asia in the aftermath of World War Two, it follows the judgment in a little-known suit for recovery of debt, filed at a district-level civil court in Madras in British India, which escaped the attention of local legal practitioners, but made its way into an international law treatise compiled and written in Utrecht, twenty years later. Instead of using it to trace how South Asian judiciaries interpreted international law, the Article looks at why claims to international law were made by ordinary litigants like Chettiar women in everyday cases like debt settlements, and how they became “evidence” of state practice for international law. These intertwined itineraries of law, that take place against the Japanese occupation of Burma and the Dutch East Indies and the postwar reconstruction efforts in Rangoon, Madras and Batavia, show how jurisdictional claims made by ordinary litigants form an underappreciated archive for histories of international law. In talking about the creation and circulation of legal knowledges, this Article argues that this involves thinking about and writing from footnotes, postscripts and marginalia - and the lives that are intertwined in them.

scholarly journals Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Liu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Zhu Deng ◽  
Ruixue Lei ◽  
Steven J. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Global Emissions

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is impacting human activities, and in turn energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Here we present daily estimates of country-level CO2 emissions for different sectors based on near-real-time activity data. The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions (−1551 Mt CO2) in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II. The timing of emissions decreases corresponds to lockdown measures in each country. By July 1st, the pandemic’s effects on global emissions diminished as lockdown restrictions relaxed and some economic activities restarted, especially in China and several European countries, but substantial differences persist between countries, with continuing emission declines in the U.S. where coronavirus cases are still increasing substantially.

Security Council

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-113
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Security Council ◽  
World War ◽  
Equipment And Supplies ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
Netherlands Indies ◽  
Political Dispute

On July 29, 1948, the Security Council devoted two sessions to a further consideration of the Indonesian question. The occasion for the discussion was the receipt from the Committee of Good Offices of a previously requested report on restrictions of trade in Indonesia and the reason for the delay in the implementation of Article 6 of the Renville Truce Agreement. The committee reported that, six months after the Truce Agreement, Republican controlled areas of Java and Sumatra suffered from “grave deficiencies” of transportation equipment and supplies which acted to cause local dislocations and shortages of all categories of materials needed for rehabilitation reconstruction. Factors creating these shortages were listed by the committee as 1) the division of Indonesia into two separate administrative compartments; 2) the damage of World War II followed by political dispute, military conflict and scorched earth policies; 3) the inadequate implementation of Article 6 of the Truce Agreement arising, primarily, from the “regulations governing domestic and international trade promulgated by Netherlands Indies civil and military authorities between January 1947 and the signing of the Truce Agreement and which have been continued in effect to date.”3 After summarizing Dutch and Indonesian positions on these regulations, the committee, after declining to allocate responsibility as between the two parties, concluded that it was “indisputable” that pending an agreement restoring economic and political unity to Indonesia the economic plight of Republican controlled areas could not be substantially ameliorated “until a way is found to relax existing regulations,” and that this development would require a basic improvement in the attitude of the parties.

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