CARRY-OVER OF AFLATOXIN B1-FEED INTO AFLATOXIN M1-MILK IN DAIRY COWS TREATED WITH NATURAL SOURCES OF AFLATOXIN AND BENTONITE

Atypical weather and climate conditions during the spring and summer 2012th were assumed to be the main reason for the aflatoxins contamination of corn crops in Serbia. High humidity in spring, and summer temperatures above the average contributed to the increased possibility of mycotoxins occurance in cereals in the fields. As a consequence, at the begining of 2013th contaminated corn used for dairy cows diet had negative impact on the safety of cow milk. The routine laboratory control data revealed an increased content of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples. Large number of raw milk and various feedstuff samples were collected from February to April 2013th and were analysed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin B1 respectively. The collected samples were a part of enhanced self-control plans of the large dairy farms. Quantitative competitive and sandwich types of ELISA tests were used for the screening analysis of the feed and milk samples. Confirmation of the positive results obtained by ELISA tests was performed by UPLC-MS/MS method. Out of 281 samples of complete mixtures for dairy cows, 67 samples (24%) contained aflatoxin B1 quantities higher than the MRL of 0,005 mg/kg [4]. Corn samples were also tested for the presence of aflatoxin B1 revealing contamination of 22% above the MRL (0.03mg/kg). Aflatoxin M1 content in the 934 positive milk samples ranged from 0,005- 1,25 ?g/kg. The corresponding feed samples of sunflower meal, hay silage, corn silage and sugar beet pulp were screening negative, with the content of aflatoxin B1 less than 2 ?g/kg. The main source of aflatoxins were corn samples, wholemeal and feed mixtures derived from contaminated corn. The contamination peak was during March 2013, when 65% of milk samples contained amounts of aflatoxin M1 higher than 0,05 ?g/kg, and 13% of milk samples contained amounts higher than 0,5 ?g/kg.

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1343 Aflatoxin M1 levels reduction in milk after Saccharomyces cerevisiae or mannanoligosaccharides addition to aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet of dairy cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-1343 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 649-649

Author(s):

M. Aronovich ◽

C. Perali ◽

C. A. D. R. Rosa ◽

A. A. Castagna ◽

E. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Aflatoxin M1

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Transfer of aflatoxins from naturally contaminated feed to milk of Nili-Ravi buffaloes fed a mycotoxin binder

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14909 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1637 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Aslam ◽

I. Rodrigues ◽

D. M. McGill ◽

H. M. Warriach ◽

A. Cowling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

High Performance ◽

Mean Value ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Daily Concentration ◽

The Mean ◽

Carry Over

The objectives of this study were to observe the extent of transfer of aflatoxin B1 in feed to the aflatoxin M1 metabolite in milk in Nili-Ravi buffaloes and to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial mycotoxin binder (Mycofix, Biomin Singapore) incorporated into feed to minimise this transfer. Multiparous animals (n = 28) were randomly distributed to four groups corresponding to two treatments each with two levels of aflatoxin B1. Individual animals were exposed to naturally contaminated feed providing a total of 1475 µg/day (Groups A and B) or 2950 µg/day (Groups C and D) of aflatoxin B1. Groups B and D were given 50 g of mycotoxin binder daily mixed with feed whereas Groups A and C were kept as controls. Feed samples were analysed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for aflatoxin B1 and milk samples were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the liver metabolite aflatoxin M1. The mean value of total daily aflatoxin M1 excretion for animals fed 2950 µg/day of aflatoxin B1 (112.6 µg/day) was almost double (P < 0.001) than the excretion in buffaloes fed 1475 µg/day (62.2 µg/day). The mean daily concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk of animals from both treatment groups supplemented with 50 g/day of mycotoxin binder was 76.5 µg/day, nearly 22 µg lower than those without binder at 98.3 µg/day (s.e.d. = 5.99: P < 0.01). The interaction of binder and treatment was not significant i.e. the 50 g/day of binder was able to sequester aflatoxin B1 with the same efficiency in groups fed with high and low concentrations of aflatoxin B1. Carry over was (3.44%) lower (P = 0.001) in animals supplemented with 50 g/day of mycotoxin binder than those fed no binder (4.60%). Thus buffaloes are highly efficient at transferring aflatoxins in feed to the aflatoxin M1 metabolite in milk, whereas mycotoxin binder is capable of alleviating without preventing this contamination risk.

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Vaccination of Lactating Dairy Cows for the Prevention of Aflatoxin B1 Carry Over in Milk

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0026777 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. e26777 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Luciano Polonelli ◽

Laura Giovati ◽

Walter Magliani ◽

Stefania Conti ◽

Stefano Sforza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Carry Over

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Effects of dietary adsorbent on milk aflatoxin M1 content and the health of lactating dairy cows exposed to long-term aflatoxin B1 challenge

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2018-14645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (10) ◽

pp. 8944-8953 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J.L. Xiong ◽

Y.M. Wang ◽

H.L. Zhou ◽

J.X. Liu

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Efficacy of Solis, NovasilPlus, and MTB-100 to reduce aflatoxin M1 levels in milk of early to mid lactation dairy cows fed aflatoxin B1

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2009-2031 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 3959-3963 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

R.E. Kutz ◽

J.D. Sampson ◽

L.B. Pompeu ◽

D.R. Ledoux ◽

J.N. Spain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Aflatoxin M1

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Aflatoxin AFM1, safety and milk quality

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-1-11-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Nikolay N. Zabashta ◽

◽

Elena N. Golovko ◽

Ekaterina P. Lisovitskaya ◽

Nikolay N Zabashta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

The Body ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Microscopic Fungi ◽

Carcinogenic Substance ◽

The Third ◽

Metabolic Route ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Mycotoxin Adsorbent

Summary. Mycotoxins exert a negative effect on large horned cattle through a decrease in feed intake. Extreme drought conditions during the cultivation and harvest of crops included in the diet of cows can lead to a dangerous increase in the concentration of aflatoxin B1, a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance from the group of mycotoxins from microscopic fungi Aspergillus, mainly Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillusparasiticus. As a result, milk will be contaminated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). In LLC AF Khutorok Timashevsky District Krasnodar Territory in an experiment on dairy cows with the inclusion of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated feed in the diet, established the minimum dose of aflatoxin B1 in feed in the amount of 2 mg / head per day. The minimum amount of aflatoxin B1 in the diet caused the appearance of a secondary metabolite - aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk. Aflatoxin M1, formed in the body of dairy cows by a metabolic route from aflatoxin B1 introduced with food, was excreted in milk for 72 hours. It was found that with the addition of a broad spectrum mycotoxin adsorbent based on glucans of the cell wall of yeast and algae to the diet, the AFM1 content in milk decreased (on average by 60%). In addition, when this adsorbent was added to diets, the average level of AFM1 in milk was 3 times lower compared to the control. The rate of excretion of AFM1 from the body of cows was determined. Its maximum amount of 0.15800 mcg / kg was excreted in milk during the third day from the last summer AFV1. When storing grain fodder, the content of mycotoxins should be determined and a constant analysis should be carried out according to microbiological safety indicators.

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Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 to Aflatoxin M1 in High Yielding Israeli Cows in Mid- and Late-Lactation

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins5010173 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 173-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Malka Britzi ◽

Shmulik Friedman ◽

Joshua Miron ◽

Ran Solomon ◽

Olga Cuneah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Carry Over

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Biological System Responses of Dairy Cows to Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Revealed with Metabolomic Changes in Multiple Biofluids

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11020077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qian Wang ◽

Yangdong Zhang ◽

Nan Zheng ◽

Liya Guo ◽

Xiaoming Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Total Antioxidant

Research on mycotoxins now requires a systematic study of post-exposure organisms. In this study, the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on biofluids biomarkers were examined with metabolomics and biochemical tests. The results showed that milk concentration of aflatoxin M1 changed with the addition or removal of AFB1. AFB1 significantly affected serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malon dialdehyde (MDA), SOD/MDA, and the total antioxidant capacity. Significant differences of volatile fatty acids and NH3-N were detected in the rumen fluid. Eighteen rumen fluid metabolites, 11 plasma metabolites, and 9 milk metabolites were significantly affected by the AFB1. These metabolites are mainly involved in the pathway of amino acids metabolism. Our results suggest that not only is the study of macro-indicators (milk composition and production) important, but that more attention should be paid to micro-indicators (biomarkers) when assessing the risks posed by mycotoxins to dairy cows.

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