scholarly journals Effect of Sulfur Addition to Nickel Recovery of Laterite Ore

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Eni Febriana ◽  
Agus Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Wahyu Mayangsari ◽  
Januar Irawan ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwanul Hakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Reduction Stage ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Sulfur Addition ◽  
Laterite Ore

This research studied the effect of the addition of sulfur on the reduction process of limonite nickel laterite ore with Ni content of 1.11wt% and Fe 48.7wt%. The stages of the research included the characterization of ore materials, preparation, mixing, pelleting, reduction, and magnetic separation. The reduction stage was carried out with several experimental variables, which were the time and temperature of the reduction, as well as the addition of reducing agents and sulfur additives. Products from the reduction process were separated magnetically, and the concentrate was then analyzed using XRD and AAS. The results showed that the addition of sulfur additives to a certain amount could cause the formation of FeS and Fe-silicate, which could increase the content and percentage of nickel recovery by suppressing the metallization of iron. The optimum conditions were obtained in the reduction process with a temperature of 1100°C for 60 minutes, with the addition of graphite reductant and sulfur additives each of 7% of the sample weight. Ni contents in the reduction product concentrate obtained were 1.98% with 96% gain, while Fe could be reduced to 29.2% with an extraction percentage of 76.1%.

Biocatalytic and chemical leaching of a low-grade nickel laterite ore

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ciftci ◽  
Suleyman Atik ◽  
Fatma Gurbuz
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Nickel Laterite Ore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laterite Ore

Nickel and cobalt recovery from a low-grade nickel laterite ore, supplied from Çaldağ deposit (Manisa, Turkey) were investigated by bio and chemical leaching processes. The fungus, Aspergillus niger was used for biocatalytic leaching experiments. The effects of parameters (solid ratio and sucrose concentration) on the biocatalytic leaching of the ore were initially tested in flasks to obtain the optimum conditions for the A. niger. Then chemical leaching was applied as a comparison to bioleaching, using organic acids (citric, oxalic, acetic and gluconic acids) as well as a mixture of acids. According the results, the maximum dissolution yield of nickel, cobalt and iron were detected respectively as 95.3%, 74.3% and 50.0% by biocatalytic processes which containing 25% (w/v) sucrose and 1% (w/v) solids. The increase in the solid ratio adversely influenced the biocatalytic activity of A. niger. Finally, further tests in reactors (v = 1 and 10 L) were performed using the optimum conditions from the flask tests. The difference in metals recovery between biocatalytic and chemical leaching was significantly important. Bioleaching produced higher Ni and Co extractions (34.3–75.6%) than chemical process.

The Microbial Assisted Leaching of Nickel Laterites Using a Mixed Culture of Chemolithotrophic Microorganisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehliselo Ndlovu ◽  
Geoffrey S. Simate ◽  
Mariekie Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Bacterial Leaching ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Chemolithotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Nickel Laterites ◽  
Primary Oxidation

Nickel laterite contains metal values but is not capable of participating in the primary chemolithotrophic bacterial oxidation because it contains neither Fe2+ iron nor substantial amount of reduced sulphur. Its metal value can, however, be recovered by allowing the primary oxidation of FeS2, or similar iron/sulphur minerals to provide H2SO4 acid solutions, which solubilise the metal content. This study investigated the possibility of treating nickel laterites using chemolithotrophic microorganisms. Preliminary studies conducted using H2SO4 acid, citric acid and acidified Fe2(SO4)3 gave an insight on the use of chemolithotrophic bacteria in this process,. Results showed that H2SO4 acid performed better, in terms of nickel recovery, than citric acid or acidified Fe2(SO4)3. In the bacterial leaching test works, mixed cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans were used in the presence of elemental sulphur and FeS2 as energy sources. The sulphur substrate exhibited better effects in terms of bacterial growth, acidification and nickel recovery than the FeS2 substrate. Using response surface methodology, the theoretical optimum conditions for maximum nickel recovery (79.8%) within the conditions studied was an initial pH of 2.0, 63μm particle size and 2.6% pulp density.

Characterization of Weda Bay nickel laterite ore from Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Farrokhpay ◽  
Michel Cathelineau ◽  
Simon B. Blancher ◽  
Odile Laugier ◽  
Lev Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Nickel Laterite Ore ◽  
Laterite Ore

SiO2/MgO Ratio Effect on Carbothermic Reaction of Synthetic Nickelliferrous Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 542-545
Author(s):  
Sri Harjanto ◽  
Reza M. Ulum
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Ratio Effect ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Fe Reduction

The objective of this study is to understand the effect of SiO2/MgO ratio on the reducibility of Fe and Ni in the synthetic nickel laterite mixtures of similar composition to Indonesia saprolitic nickel ore. The samples were made with addition (in wt% basis ) of 12% cokes, 2 % NiO, and varied SiO2of 0 %, 10 %, 20%, 30%, and 40 % . Two types of samples were made, with and withou 14% MgO addition. Fe2O3was added to both types of samples as balance. The synthetic compounds were mixed homogenously and compacted, before subjected to carbothermic reduction process at temperature of 1250 °C for 120 minutes. The results showed that Ni was strongly influenced by MgO content after reduction processes. Higher content of MgO was more unfavorable for nickel reduction, while a higher content of SiO2was unfavorable for Fe reduction. According to the characterization results of carbothermic product, nickel oxide had been reduced to form Fe-Ni phase. Nickel recovery tends to increase with increasing of SiO2addition on sample with MgO addition.

scholarly journals Separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore using self-reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
P. Ju ◽  
K. Ryom ◽  
K. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Laterite Ore

To efficiently extract nickel from low grade limonitic laterite ore, a separation method of iron-nickel alloy nugget by selfreduction of coal composite limonitic laterite ore briquette was investigated. In this investigation, in order to decrease the separation temperature of iron-nickel alloy nugget, the selective reduction by control of C/O ratio was introduced and reductant added in the briquette was inadequate for the reduction of nickel and iron. Nickel was preferentially reduced in the reduction process, while iron was partially reduced due to the lack of reductant. After reduction, a certain amount of FeO existed in the reduced product. This residual FeO had a great role in the formation of low melting point slag, which could promote the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget at relatively low temperature. In this investigation, the reduction experiments were all conducted at 1300?C. To evaluate the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget in the reduction process, we observed the patterns of reduced products under different C/O ratio, CaO addition ratio and holding time conditions. And then the effect of C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio on nickel content of nugget and nickel recovery ratio were investigated. The results showed that 0.7 of C/O ratio, 8% of CaO addition ratio and 40min of holding time were suitable for the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore. Nickel and iron content of the nugget and the nickel recovery ratio were 4.75%, 89.51% and 85%, respectively. Nuggets were easily separated from slag by crushing and screening. This separation method could be applied to any limonitic laterite ore by adjusting C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio.

The effect of sodium sulphate on the hydrogen reduction process of nickel laterite ore

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lu ◽  
Shoujun Liu ◽  
Ju Shangguan ◽  
Wenguang Du ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Nickel Laterite Ore ◽  
Laterite Ore

Effect of CaF2 on the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles in the self-reduction of Nickel laterite ore

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Guihua Hang ◽  
Zhengliang Xue ◽  
Ying Jiang Wu ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Particle Aggregation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Nickel Laterite Ore ◽  
Laterite Ore

Increasing attention is being paid to the self-reduction and magnetic separation of nickel laterite ore because of economic and efficiency advantages. The aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles during the reduction process is an important factor for subsequent magnetic separation. In this study, the effect of CaF2 on ferronickel particle aggregation and growth during the self-reduction of nickel laterite ore was investigated by visual data analysis of ferronickel particles. The recovery and grade of Ni and Fe from the self-reduction, fine grinding, and magnetic separation of nickel laterite ore under the strengthening action of CaF2 were measured. Increasing CaF2 addition yielded a significant increase in the average particle size of ferronickel particles and an increased recovery of a higher grade of Ni. A ferronickel concentrate with 7.1 wt% Ni and 68.5 wt% Fe was obtained at a Ni recovery of 84.14% in the presence of 8 wt% CaF2. CaF2 accelerates the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles, which promotes the separation of the ferronickel alloy from the gangue in the magnetic separation process.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Calcium Sulphate on the Aggregation and Growth of Ferronickel Particles in the self-Reduction of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite Ore

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Guihua Hang ◽  
Zhengliang Xue ◽  
Jinghui Wang ◽  
Yingjiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Fine Grinding ◽  
Nickel Laterite Ore ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Laterite Ore

Saprolitic nickel laterite is characterized by relatively low iron and nickel contents. Iron and nickel oxides are reduced to form fine ferronickel particles that disperse and embed in silicates in the reduction process, limiting the application of magnetic separation to extract ferronickel. Additives are applied to promote the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles, then the large ferronickel particles will be separated by fine grinding and recovered via magnetic separation. Calcium sulphate is considered to be capable of increasing the size of ferronickel particles considerably. Due to the decomposition of calcium sulphate in the reduction process, the mechanism of calcium sulphate on the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles should be conducted studied in-depth. The current work explores the effects of calcium sulphate, elemental sulphur, and calcium oxide on the formation of ferronickel particles in a saprolitic nickel laterite ore. The results showed that the formation of an Fe-FeS eutectic and the mineral structure transformation contributed by calcium oxide were all conducive to the mass transfer of ferronickel particles in gangue, ferronickel particles aggregated and grew up at the boundary between the hole and the gangue. The self-reduction, fine grinding, and magnetic separation of nickel laterite ore in the presence of three types of additive were examined. Nickel laterite ore with 7.88 wt% coal, 12 wt% calcium sulphate reduced at 1200 °C for 30 min, a ferronickel concentrate of Ni 8.08 wt%, and Fe 79.98 wt% was obtained at a nickel and iron recovery of 92.6% and 79.9%, respectively.

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